Review of Studies on Structural Features,Regeneration Features and Management of Natural Spruce-Fir Mixed Stand of Coniferous and Broadleaved Trees in China

Natural spruce-fir mixed stand is one of the main forest types in the world,and also has huge ecological,economic and social benefits.According to the structural characteristics and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,it is urgent and significant to develop scientific management measures for natural spruce-fir mixed stand in line with local conditions.The article outlined the characteristics of the distribution and structure, regeneration and succession laws of natural spruce-fir forest,and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of natural spruce-fir forest management.The following recommendations were eventually made:1) In no cutting area,all logging activities should be banned.In a restricted cutting area,the cutting intensity should be generally controlled within 15%of the stock volume before cutting.On the commodity forest management area, the appropriate cutting intensity should be determined according to the volume per hectare,determine and classification management should be implemented in accordance with the characteristics of forest,to ensure the scientific selective cutting.2) Closure for afforestation,planting and repair planting should be adopted on vegetation-intensive land,sparse shrubs covered land and harvesting slash,in order to accelerate natural regeneration.3) The in situ conservation should be conducted in nature reserves and scientific experiment stations of rare and endangered species,such as Abies chensiensis,Picea neoveitchii,Abies vuanbaoshanensis,to reduce human destruction.4) It is supposed to collect seeds in time,establish nursery,actively establish forest, expand artificial population and promote natural regeneration.

大岗山森林生态站区气象要素分析

采用林外对照区与不同林型小气候定位观测的实验方法,以大岗山森林生态站2001 2002年气象观测数据为基础,从太阳辐射、大气温度、大气湿度、土壤温度、降水量、蒸发量、风速和风向等因子对大岗山森林生态站站区林内与林外对照区气象要素值进行对比分析。结果表明:⑴大气下垫面的性质是影响气象要素变化的重要因子,林内气温、湿度变幅小,且基本处于静风状态;无林地气温、湿度日较差、年较差大,蒸发量相对增加,平均风速增大。⑵林分类型、郁闭度不同对气象要素的变化也有很大影响。

基于BP神经网络的广东省针阔混交异龄林立地质量评价

【目的】针阔混交异龄林的地位指数计算一直是立地质量评价中的难点,国内外对针阔混交异龄林的地位指数模型的研究较少,为建立更精确的针阔混交异龄林地位指数模型,把神经网络模型引入针阔混交异龄林的立地质量评价。【方法】以广东省针阔混交异龄林为研究对象,建立基于神经网络方法的林分优势高模型以及针阔混交林地位指数模型,除年龄因子外,加入了海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土壤厚度、腐殖层厚度等立地因子,另外考虑针叶树种与阔叶树种的断面积比重对针阔混交异龄林样地地位指数的影响,并建立针阔混交异龄林的地位指数的计算模型。【结果】针阔混交林的地位指数的最大值为21.4 m,最小值为6.1 m,平均值为13.7 m,中位数为13.6 m,标准差为3.2 m,地位指数的最大值与最小值的差值为15.3 m。【结论】从结果中可以反映出,广东省地貌复杂且破碎,山多平地少,立地状况差异较大;另外由于广东省林地树种及树种比例具有复杂多样性的特征,导致基准年龄的差异较大。故地位指数的变异较大。本研究在计算针阔混交林的地位指数时,加入了海拔、坡度、坡向、坡位、土壤厚度、腐殖层厚度等立地因子,提高了针阔混交林地位指数的预估精度。研究结果为针阔混交异龄林地位指数的计算提供了精度更高的方法。

我国天然云冷杉针阔混交林结构特征、更新特点及经营管理

天然云冷杉林是世界主要森林类型之一,具有重要的生态、经济和社会效益。探明天然云冷杉林结构特点和演替规律,制定科学的经营管理措施,因地制宜地合理经营云冷杉林意义深远而迫切。文中概述了我国天然云冷杉林的分布、结构和更新演替特征,分析了经营管理现状及存在的问题,并提出建议:1)对禁伐区内的云冷杉林分,坚决杜绝一切采伐活动;对限伐区要严格控制采伐强度,一般控制在伐前蓄积量的15%以内;对商品林经营区可按每公顷蓄积量的大小确定适宜采伐强度,并按照林分特点进行经营,做到科学择伐。2)对林地草本植被密集、灌木覆盖度不大、采伐迹地上有种源条件的进行封育、栽植或补植,人工促进天然更新。3)建立秦岭冷杉、大果青杄、元宝山冷杉等珍稀濒危物种自然保护区和科学试验站,积极开展就地保护,减少人为破坏。4)适时采种,就地建立苗圃,开展育苗造林,扩大人工种群,促进天然更新。