Isolated Bipolar Modular Multilevel DC-DC Converter with Self-balancing Capability for Interconnection of MVDC and LVDC Grids

Bipolar medium-voltage DC(MVDC)and lowvoltage DC(LVDC)grids have the advantages of flexible integration of distributed renewable-energy generation and reliable power supply.In order to achieve voltage conversion,power transfer,and electrical isolation for bipolar MVDC and LVDC grids,a high-power DC-DC converter is essential.Therefore,this paper proposes an isolated bipolar modular multilevel DCDC converter(BiMMDC)with power self-balancing capability for interconnection of MVDC and LVDC grids.The proposed BiMMDC consists of two series connected MMCs in the MV stage to configure a bipolar MVDC interface,and interleaved converters combined with a dual-transformer are designed in the LV stage to configure the bipolar LVDC interface and to provide a self-balancing capability.Equivalent circuits of two series-connected MMCs and a dual-transformer with interleaved converters are derived.After that,operation principles of the proposed BiMMDC are introduced,considering balanced/unbalanced power transfer of bipolar LVDC grid and monopolar shortcircuit or open-circuit faults at MVDC grid.The control scheme is also presented for the proposed BiMMDC under different operating conditions.Finally,a Matlab simulation and controller hardware-in-the-loop(CHIL)evaluation results are provided to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed typology and its operating performance.

Protection of large partitioned MTDC Networks Using DC-DC converters and circuit breakers

This paper proposes a DC fault protection strategy for large multi-terminal HVDC(MTDC)network where MMC based DC-DC converter is configured at strategic locations to allow the large MTDC network to be operated interconnected but partitioned into islanded DC network zones following faults.Each DC network zone is protected using either AC circuit breakers coordinated with DC switches or slow mechanical type DC circuit breakers to minimize the capital cost.In case of a DC fault event,DC-DC converters which have inherent DC fault isolation capability provide‘firewall’between the faulty and healthy zones such that the faulty DC network zone can be quickly isolated from the remaining of the MTDC network to allow the healthy DC network zones to remain operational.The validity of the proposed protection arrangement is confirmed using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations.

基于电流单向型模块化多电平换流器的混合直流输电系统

为了解决现有电网换相换流器（LCC）与模块化多电平换流器（MMC）组成的混合高压直流（HVDC）输电系统采用半桥MMC时不具有直流侧故障清除能力、采用全桥MMC时成本过高的问题,提出了一种使用新型的电流单向型MMC与LCC连接构成的混合直流输电系统。构建了单极800 k V/2 500 MW的双端系统模型,对其启动过程、典型故障过程和功率反转过程进行了仿真,结果表明提出的混合系统具有可行性、直流故障清除能力、短时无功支撑能力和双向功率传输能力。

单向MMC型DC-DC变换器的控制策略

直流电网是解决新能源发电并网稳定性问题的研究热点。DC-DC变换器是连接不同电压等级直流电网的关键器件。MMC型DC-DC变换器采用模块化的拓扑结构,因而适用于高压大功率场合,其中单向MMC型DC-DC变换器适用于功率传输方向一定的电压变换场合,造价低、控制方式简单。但是目前对该拓扑的研究还比较少,相应的控制策略仍主要沿用MMC传统电平逼近的控制策略,国内目前也尚未有实际的示范工程,因此还需对该拓扑进行更深入的研究,提出适用于该拓扑的控制策略,为实际的示范工程提供一定的参考。该文提出了一种新型的适用于单向M M C型DC-DC变换器的控制策略,该控制策略将传统的电压追踪转变为电流追踪,在每个周期开始时刻计算出子模块的开通个数,通过控制子模块的开通和关断,使输出电流跟随参考电流变化。最后搭建了单向MMC型DC-DC变换器的仿真模型,仿真结果表明该控制策略可以很好地实现电压变换,输入侧电流波动小,是一种有效的控制策略。

The Averaged-value Model of a Flexible Power Electronics Based Substation in Hybrid AC/DC Distribution Systems

The concept of a flexible power electronics substation(FPES)was first applied in the Zhangbei DC distribution network demonstration project.As a multi-port power electronics transformer(PET)with different AC and DC voltage levels,the FPES has adopted a novel topology integrating modular multilevel converter(MMC)and four-winding medium frequency transformer(FWMFT)based multiport DC-DC converter,which can significantly reduce capacitance in each sub-module(SM)of a MMC and also save space and cost.In this paper,in order to accelerate speed of electromagnetic transient(EMT)simulations of FPES based hybrid AC/DC distribution systems,an averaged-value model(AVM)is proposed for efficient and accurate representation of FPES.Assume that all SM capacitor voltages are perfectly balanced in the MMC,then the MMC behavior can be modeled using controlled voltage sources based on modulation voltages from control systems.In terms of the averaged current transfer characteristics among the windings of the FWMFT,we consider that all multiport DC-DC converters are controlled with the same dynamics,a lumped averaged model using controlled current and voltage sources has been developed for these four-port DC-DC converters connected to the upper or lower arms of the MMC.The presented FPES AVM model has been tested and validated by comparison with a detailed IGBT-based EMT model.Results show that the AVM is significantly more efficient while maintaining its accuracy in an EMT simulation.