On Discrete Hopf Fibrations, Grand Unification Groups, the Barnes-Wall, Leech Lattices, and Quasicrystals

A discrete Hopf fibration of S15 over S8 with S7 (unit octonions) as fibers leads to a 16D Polytope P16 with 4320 vertices obtained from the convex hull of the 16D Barnes-Wall lattice Λ16. It is argued (conjectured) how a subsequent 2-1 mapping (projection) of P16 onto a 8D-hyperplane might furnish the 2160 vertices of the uniform 241 polytope in 8-dimensions, and such that one can capture the chain sequence of polytopes 241,231,221,211in D=8,7,6,5dimensions, leading, respectively, to the sequence of Coxeter groups E8,E7,E6,SO(10)which are putative GUT group candidates. An embedding of the E8⊕E8and E8⊕E8⊕E8lattice into the Barnes-Wall Λ16 and Leech Λ24 lattices, respectively, is explicitly shown. From the 16D lattice E8⊕E8one can generate two separate families of Elser-Sloane 4D quasicrystals (QC’s) with H4 (icosahedral) symmetry via the “cut-and-project” method from 8D to 4D in each separate E8 lattice. Therefore, one obtains in this fashion the Cartesian product of two Elser-Sloane QC’s Q×Qspanning an 8D space. Similarly, from the 24D lattice E8⊕E8⊕E8one can generate the Cartesian product of three Elser-Sloane 4D quasicrystals (QC’s) Q×Q×Qwith H4 symmetry and spanning a 12D space.

On the Vacuum Hydrodynamics of Moving Bodies—The Theory of General Singularity

The Theory of General Singularity is presented, unifying quantum field theory, general relativity, and the standard model. This theory posits phonons as fundamental excitations in a quantum vacuum, modeled as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Through key equations, the role of phonons as intermediaries between matter, energy, and spacetime geometry is demonstrated. The theory expands Einsteins field equations to differentiate between visible and dark matter, and revises the standard model by incorporating phonons. It addresses dark matter, dark energy, gravity, and phase transitions, while making testable predictions. The theory proposes that singularities, the essence of particles and black holes, are quantum entities ubiquitous in nature, constituting the very essence of elementary particles, seen as micro black holes or quantum fractal structures of spacetime. As the theory is refined with increasing mathematical rigor, it builds upon the foundation of initial physical intuition, connecting the spacetime continuum of general relativity with the hydrodynamics of the quantum vacuum. Inspired by the insights of Tesla and Majorana, who believed that physical intuition justifies the infringement of mathematical rigor in the early stages of theory development, this work aims to advance the understanding of the fundamental laws of the universe and the perception of reality.

Planck Quantised General Relativity Theory Written on Different Forms

This paper is a brief review of our work on the Planck quantized version of general relativity theory. It demonstrates several straightforward methods to rewrite the same equations that we have already presented in other papers. We also explore a relatively new general relativity-inspired field equation based on the original Newtonian mass, which is very different from today’s kilogram mass. Additionally, we examine two other field equations based on collision space-time, where both energy and matter can be described simply as space and time. We are thereby fulfilling Einstein’s dream of a theory where energy and mass are not needed, or are just aspects of space and time. If this is extended beyond the 4-dimensional space-time formalism of general relativity theory to a 6-dimensional framework with 3 space dimensions and 3 time dimensions, this ultimately reveals that they are two sides of the same coin. In reality, it is a three-dimensional space-time theory, where space and time are just two sides of the same coin.

Upsilon Constants and Their Usefulness in Planck Scale Quantum Cosmology

This paper introduces the two Upsilon constants to the reader. Their usefulness is described with respect to acting as coupling constants between the CMB temperature and the Hubble constant. In addition, this paper summarizes the current state of quantum cosmology with respect to the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model. Although the FSC quantum cosmology formulae were published in 2018, they are only rearrangements and substitutions of the other assumptions into the original FSC Hubble temperature formula. In a real sense, this temperature formula was the first quantum cosmology formula developed since Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. A recent development in the last month proves that the FSC Hubble temperature formula can be derived from the Stephan-Boltzmann law. Thus, this Hubble temperature formula effectively unites some quantum developments with the general relativity model inherent in FSC. More progress towards unification in the near-future is expected.

Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation of the Universe

In this article, spacetime is modeled as a quantum mechanical sonic medium consisting of Planck length oscillations at Planck frequency. Planck length-time oscillations give spacetime its physical constants of c, G and ħ. Oscillating spacetime is proposed to be the single universal field that generates and unifies everything in the universe. The 17 fields of quantum field theory are modeled as lower frequency resonances of oscillating spacetime. A model of an electron is proposed to be a rotating soliton wave in this medium. An electron appears to have wave-particle duality even though it is fundamentally a quantized wave. This soliton wave can momentarily be smaller than a proton in a high energy collision or can have a relatively large volume of an atom’s orbital wave function. Finding an electron causes it to undergo a superluminal collapse to a smaller wave size. This gives an electron its particle-like properties when detected. The proposed wave-based electron model is tested and shown to have an electron’s approximate energy, de Broglie wave properties and undetectable volume. Most important, this electron model is shown to also generate an electron’s electrostatic and gravitational forces. The gravitational properties are derived from the nonlinearity of this medium. When an electron’s gravitational and electrostatic forces are modeled as distortions of soliton waves, the equations become very simple, and a clear connection emerges between these forces. For example, the gravitational force between two Planck masses equals the electrostatic force between two Planck charges. Both force magnitudes equal ħc/r2.

G-CPT Symmetry of Quantum Emergence and Submergence—An Information Conservational Multiagent Cellular Automata Unification of CPT Symmetry and CP Violation for Equilibrium-Based Many-World Causal Analysis of Quantum Coherence and Decoherence

An equilibrium-based YinYang bipolar dynamic Generalization of CPT (G-CPT) symmetry is introduced based on energy/information conservational quantum emergence-submergence. As a bottleneck of quantum computing, quantum decoherence or collapse has been plaguing quantum mechanics for decades. It is suggested that the crux of the problem can trace its origin back to the incompleteness of CPT symmetry due to the lack of holistic representation for equilibrium-based bipolar coexistence. In this work, the notion of quantum emergence-submergence is coined as two opposite processes with bipolar energy/information conservation. The new notion leads to G-CPT symmetry supported by a Bipolar Quantum Cellular Automata (BQCA) interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is shown that the new interpretation further leads to the unification of electromagnetic particle-antiparticle bipolarity and gravitational action-reaction bipolarity as well as CPT symmetry and CP violation into a philosophically, geometrically and logically different quantum gravity theory. On one hand, G-CPT symmetry enables a Bipolar Quantum Agent (BQA) to emerge as a bipolar quantum superposition or entanglement coupled to a globally coherent BQCA;on the other hand, G-CP violation supports a causal theory of BQA submergence or decoupling from the global coherence. In turn, BQAs can submerge from one world but emerge in another within YinYang bipolar quantum geometry. It is suggested that all logical, physical, social, biological and mental worlds are bipolar quantum entangled under G-CPT symmetry. It is contended that G-CPT symmetry constitutes an analytical paradigm of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity—a fundamental departure from “what goes around comes around”. The new paradigm leads to a number of predictions and challenges.

The Coupling Constants for.an Electroweak Model with an SU（4）PS ×SU（4）EW Unification Symmetry

We introduce the sequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking of a coupling between Pati-Salam and electroweak symmetries SU（ 4 ）PS × SU（ 4 ）EW in order to establish a mathematically consistent relation among the coupling constants at grand unification energy scale. With the values of baryon minus lepton quantum numbers of known quarks and leptons, by including right-handed neutrinos, we can lind the mixing angle relations at different energy levels up to the electromagnetic U（1）EM scale.

"universe collapse model"and its roles in the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe

To unify the four known fundamental forces and provide an explanation for the origin and the evolution of the universe are two long-term goals of theoretical physics. Here a “universe collapse model” has been proposed. The universe consists of Matter and No-matter. No-matter is the universal energy that constructs a consistent universe field, presenting a spiral wave motion at the speed of light at the small scale. The partial collapse of the universal energy forms the particles of the universal energy in a variety of sizes, which are called as the elementary particles. These elementary particles form atom and matter, which construct the galaxies. The collapse of the universe field induces the formation of the universe collapse potential (UCP) and universe collapse force (UCF), and the later is represented by four different aspects of the fundamental forces at the large or small scales. The mathematical equation and the derivation of UCP and UCF are described, and possible experimental tests are also suggested. Therefore, this new model may give a novel explanation for the unification of four fundamental forces and the origin and the evolution of the universe.

Axiomatic Affine Unification with Large Gravitational Vector Field Yields Vector-Metric Theory of Gravitation, Electromagnetism and Field Description of Mass-Particles

Under assumption of existence of extremely large gravitational vector field, this paper proposes a road map for building an Axiomatic Eddington Affine Unification theory yielding both Maxwell’s electromagnetism and Vector-metric theory of gravitation, in which inverse of the square-magnitude of the vector serves as Newton’s gravitational constant. The dependence of the vector’s magnitude with distance may offer an explanation of both Pioneer anomaly and “star rotation abnormality” in some Galaxies. In addition, the theory provides formalism for a classical description of atomic particles (such as protons and electrons) with highly non-linear equations and highly localized solutions. The existence of large Gravitational vector field can, for some variables (sub-fields), lead to elliptical type?differential equations (unlike in Maxwell’s electromagnetism, which is hyperbolic ), that by its nature forbids the existence independent waves and their propagation. Proposed Unified field description might provide the avenue for smooth transition to the world Quantum physics.

What can Remove the Obstacles from the Process of Asian Unification

Presently, the regional economic cooperation in Asia is developing fast and well with the ASEAN as an axis and with the proactive participation of major Asian nations such as China, 3apan, Korea and India. While envisaging the bright prospect, the unification process, however, is destined to encounter some obstacles and difficulties. By analyzing the hindrance, as well the reasons why Asia lags far behind Europe in unification, the author believes that Asian nations should draw on the lessons and experiences of European countries and learn their principle of subsidiary （bottom-up approaches）, which may serve as the key solution for Asia to overcome the impending obstructions.

Towards the Unification of All Interactions (The First Part: The Spinor Wave)

For the unification of gravitation with electromagnetism, weak and strong interactions, we use a unique and very simple framework, the Clifford algebra of space . We enlarge our previous wave equation to the general case, including all leptons, quarks and antiparticles of the first generation. The wave equation is a generalization of the Dirac equation with a compulsory non-linear mass term. This equation is form invariant under the group of the invertible elements in the space algebra. The form invariance is fully compatible with the gauge invariance of the standard model. The wave equations of the different particles come by Lagrange equations from a Lagrangian density and this Lagrangian density is the sum of the real parts of the wave equations. Both form invariance and gauge invariance are exact symmetries, not only partial or broken symmetries. Inertia is already present in the part of the gauge group and the inertial chiral potential vector simplifies weak interactions. Relativistic quantum physics is then a naturally yet unified theory, including all interactions.

Unification Might Be Achievable by a Hypothesis of Instantaneous Time-Jumps during Photon and Graviton Interactions (A Brief Note)

Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.

The Significance of Generalized Gauge Transformation across Fundamental Interactions

The author of this paper has put forward a unified program of gauge field from the mathematical and physical picture of the principal associated bundles: thinking that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four fundamental interactions, and these basic interaction gauge fields are only the projection components to the base manifold, that is our universe, from a unified gauge potential or connection of the principal associated bundle manifold on the base manifold. These components can satisfy the transformation of gauge potential, and can even be transformed from one basic interaction gauge potential to another basic interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, that is, the generalized gauge Equation (GGE), but the gauge potential or connection on the principal bundle is invariant, corresponding to the invariance of gauge transformation [1]. In this paper, we will continue to discuss this aspect concretely, and specifically construct a spatiotemporal model with the frame bundle as the principal bundle, and the tensor bundle as the associated bundle, so that the four fundamental interactions, especially the electromagnetic interaction and the gravitational interaction, can be reflected in the bottom manifold, that is, the regional distributions in our universe. Furthermore, this paper studies the existence of gauge transformation across basic interactions by establishing a model of gauge transformation of basic interaction field;it is found that the unified expression formula is GGE and the expression relation on the curvature of space-time. Therefore, the author discusses the feasibility of the generalized gauge transformation across the basic electromagnetic interaction and the basic gravitational interaction, and on this basis, specifically determines a method or way to find the generalized gauge transformation, so as to try to realize the last step of the “unification” of the four fundamental interactions in physics, that is, the “unification” of electromagnetism and gravity.

On the Fine Structure and the Other Coupling Constants at the Planck Scale

It is shown that the fine structure constant at Planck times tends to one as well as those of the weak and strong interactions. This results by constraining them at the Planck force. That seems to provide interesting new results which confirm that at the beginning of space time (Planck scale) all fundamental forces converge to the same unit value.

法域协调视角下生成式人工智能产物涉知识产权问题研究——以ChatGPT为例

人类情感的表达是人类器官独有的自然反应,而并非是某种规则的产物。作品的认定应当包含作者的情感表达。现阶段的生成式人工智能并不具备情感表达能力,只是智能化程度更高的弱人工智能产品。其自身无法承担侵权责任,其生成物并不属于作品。随着科技的不断发展,带有情感的生成式强人工智能产品终有一天会被设计并投入使用,应对相关法律提前进行完善,以满足生成式强人工智能自身能够承担责任的需要。为了保证法律完善的顺利进行,应当坚持政策导向,并遵守法秩序统一性原则。具体完善路径包括:第一,肯定生成式强人工智能作为作者与被侵权人的主体地位;第二,应当明确生成式强人工智能在刑法上的地位,肯定其既可能成为刑法的犯罪主体,也能成为刑法中的被害人;第三,为生成式强人工智能设置专属的处罚方式。

一体化与统纪化:“儒法国家”,抑或大国礼治?

“儒法国家”作为概括中国秦汉以后政治系统特质的既有模式,没有充分估量礼治对于中国国家结构的奠基意义,易于呈现为古今断裂的历史政治叙事。周礼所开启的中心统合主义原理展现为一体化与统纪化。一体化包含了统治权力一体化、族群伦理一体化、家国经济一体化,由周礼中的分封、宗法和井田开其端,深刻影响了郡县大一统的制度体系。统纪化是指礼治秩序精神的历史性延续,分别呈现为生统、宗统和治统,三统相系相维而不断推进一体化进程。正是大国礼治所展现出的一体化和统纪化,使我们在面临秩序危机的时候赓续了大一统国家的基本结构,在进一步推进族群、经济和治理层级深度融合的进程中完成了文明古国的现代转化。

基于应用现代化的铁路信息系统统型方法研究

针对铁路信息系统多小散、开发主体多、运营维护困难等诸多难题,研究铁路信息系统统型总体思路及实施策略。文章分析了铁路信息系统建设现状,提出铁路信息系统统型的具体需求;基于应用现代化理论,提出铁路信息系统统型总体思路,分别从管理层面、技术层面、业务层面提出具体实施方案,其中,在业务层面,提出了通用化统型、系列化统型、模块化统型等3种方法;以未来3~5年为周期,规划统型实施策略,同时提出保障措施。研究结果可为铁路信息系统统型提供系统性的理论参考及技术支撑。

工科专业立体化-多元化-精细化课程思政模式构建

德育在德智体美劳全面培养的大教育体系中发挥引领作用,大思政育人格局是高等院校德育建设的核心,课程思政是实现“三全育人”的落地和构建“大思政”育人格局的根本保障。建立科学、高效的课程思政模式可以有效提高人才培养质量,践行“立德树人”初心和“为党育人、为国育才”使命。工科专业课程思政从专业背景、学生特点、课程实际出发,不断探索、改革、创新和实践,构建“三维、三策、六统一”立体化-多元化-精细化课程思政模式,推进工科专业课程思政育人进程,破解课程思政“窄路径”“硬融入”“表面化”难题。

和、合、节:传统和合思想的三重内涵

和合是中华优秀传统文化的基因之一。和合通常被理解为承认差异、对立(即“和”)与融合、统一(即“合”)这两重基本涵义,和合就是“融突”或对立(差异)间的统一。但是,传统和合思想还有第三重涵义——“节”:“以礼节和”,即作为融突、统一前提的“节”。和合是以“礼”作为“节”而对差异、对立因素的融通与整合,和、合、节三重内涵的“和合”,才是彰显和合这一传统文化独特精神和中国智慧的根本。

面向一统的都城规划——再论隋大兴的空间形制建构及其历史意义

隋大兴是在一统全国过程中规划建设的新都城。其营建不仅在于都城空间本身,也包括以都城为核心面向整个疆域的一系列空间建构。本文分析了中国古代“大一统”思想的发展演变以及隋大兴的建设背景,认为隋初围绕大兴城在疆域范围、近畿区域、都城形态三个层面的一系列空间建构是中国古代“大一统”思想与全国一统进程实际需要相结合的空间政治实践,呼应了当时的军事、政治、经济、文化等需求,丰富和发展了“大一统”理念在都城规划中的表达,提高了都城在国家秩序建构和国家认同形成方面的作用,推动了隋唐“大一统”时代的形成和巩固。