Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for tran...Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for translation studies.The development of the translation theories does not rely on the appearance of a brand-new theory,but on the successful connection among various theories.To split or to unify,it is a question and it will direct the further development of translation studies.Analyzing the similarities and differences between these two theories,the author are striving for a unity of them and striking a better way to approach translation studies.展开更多
This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modi...This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modification explains that observed dark energy is 68.6%, greater than 50% for the symmetrical positive-negative mass universe pair. This paper starts with the proposed positive-negative-mass 11D universe pair (without kinetic energy) which is transformed into the positive-negative mass 10D universe pair and the external dual gravities as in the Randall-Sundrum model, resulting in the four equal and separate universes consisting of the positive-mass 10D universe, the positive-mass massive external gravity, the negative-mass 10D universe and the negative-mass massive external gravity. The positive-mass 10D universe is transformed into 4D universe (home universe) with kinetic energy through the inflation and the Big Bang to create positive-mass dark matter which is five times of positive-mass baryonic matter. The other three universes without kinetic energy oscillate between 10D and 10D through 4D, resulting in the hidden universes when D > 4 and dark energy when D = 4, which is created continuously to our 4D home universe with the maximum dark energy = 3/4 = 75%. In the second modification to explain dark matter in the CMB, dark matter initially is not repulsive. The condensed baryonic gas at the critical surface density induces dark matter repulsive force to transform dark matter in the region into repulsive dark matter repulsing one another. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 68.6 (as an input from the observation), 26 and 5.2, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.6, 26.5 and 4.9, respectively, and dark energy started in 4.33 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 0.98 billion years ago. In conclusion, the modified Farnes’ unifying theory reinterprets the Farnes’ equations, and is a unifying theory of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The unifying theory explains protogalaxy and galaxy evolutions in agreement with the observations.展开更多
An agreement signed in Kigali, capital of Rwanda, has caught the world＇s attention. On March 21, a total of 44 African countries agreed to establish the African Continental Free Trade Area （AfCFTA）, aimed at creat ...An agreement signed in Kigali, capital of Rwanda, has caught the world＇s attention. On March 21, a total of 44 African countries agreed to establish the African Continental Free Trade Area （AfCFTA）, aimed at creat ing a single continental market for goods and services with free movement of busi nesses and investments. The agreement, signed at the 10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union （AU）, wlll be submitted for ratification by state parties in accordance with their domestic laws.展开更多
文摘Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for translation studies.The development of the translation theories does not rely on the appearance of a brand-new theory,but on the successful connection among various theories.To split or to unify,it is a question and it will direct the further development of translation studies.Analyzing the similarities and differences between these two theories,the author are striving for a unity of them and striking a better way to approach translation studies.
文摘This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modification explains that observed dark energy is 68.6%, greater than 50% for the symmetrical positive-negative mass universe pair. This paper starts with the proposed positive-negative-mass 11D universe pair (without kinetic energy) which is transformed into the positive-negative mass 10D universe pair and the external dual gravities as in the Randall-Sundrum model, resulting in the four equal and separate universes consisting of the positive-mass 10D universe, the positive-mass massive external gravity, the negative-mass 10D universe and the negative-mass massive external gravity. The positive-mass 10D universe is transformed into 4D universe (home universe) with kinetic energy through the inflation and the Big Bang to create positive-mass dark matter which is five times of positive-mass baryonic matter. The other three universes without kinetic energy oscillate between 10D and 10D through 4D, resulting in the hidden universes when D > 4 and dark energy when D = 4, which is created continuously to our 4D home universe with the maximum dark energy = 3/4 = 75%. In the second modification to explain dark matter in the CMB, dark matter initially is not repulsive. The condensed baryonic gas at the critical surface density induces dark matter repulsive force to transform dark matter in the region into repulsive dark matter repulsing one another. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 68.6 (as an input from the observation), 26 and 5.2, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.6, 26.5 and 4.9, respectively, and dark energy started in 4.33 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 0.98 billion years ago. In conclusion, the modified Farnes’ unifying theory reinterprets the Farnes’ equations, and is a unifying theory of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The unifying theory explains protogalaxy and galaxy evolutions in agreement with the observations.
文摘An agreement signed in Kigali, capital of Rwanda, has caught the world＇s attention. On March 21, a total of 44 African countries agreed to establish the African Continental Free Trade Area （AfCFTA）, aimed at creat ing a single continental market for goods and services with free movement of busi nesses and investments. The agreement, signed at the 10th Extraordinary Session of the Assembly of the African Union （AU）, wlll be submitted for ratification by state parties in accordance with their domestic laws.
