Isotopic dependence of the yield ratios of light fragments from different projectiles and their unified neutron skin thicknesses

The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(every third isotopes)+112 Sn for full reduced impact parameters using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model.The neutron and proton density distributions and root-mean-square radii of the reaction systems were obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model,which was used for the phase space initialization of the projectile and target in IQMD.We defined the unified neutron skin thickness asΔRnp=<r^(2)>^(1∕2) n−<r^(2)>^(1∕2)p,which was negative for neutron-deficient nuclei.The unifiedΔRnp values for nuclei with the same relative neutron excess from different isotopic chains were nearly equal,except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,which is a type of scaling behavior.The yield ratios of the three isotopic chain-induced reactions,which depended on the reduced impact parameter and unified neutron skin thickness,were studied.The results showed that both R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)decreased with a reduced impact parameter for extreme neutron-deficient isotopes;however,they increased with reduced impact parameters for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,and increased with theΔRnp of the projectiles for all reduced impact parameters.In addition,a scaling phenomenon was observed betweenΔR np and the yield ratios in peripheral colli-sions from different isotopic chain projectiles(except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes).Thus,R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)from peripheral collisions were suggested as experimental probes for extracting the neutron or proton skin thicknesses of non-extreme neutron-rich nuclei from different isotopic chains.

Unified deep learning model for predicting fundus fluorescein angiography image from fundus structure image

The prediction of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)images from fundus structural images is a cutting-edge research topic in ophthalmological image processing.Prediction comprises estimating FFA from fundus camera imaging,single-phase FFA from scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(SLO),and three-phase FFA also from SLO.Although many deep learning models are available,a single model can only perform one or two of these prediction tasks.To accomplish three prediction tasks using a unified method,we propose a unified deep learning model for predicting FFA images from fundus structure images using a supervised generative adversarial network.The three prediction tasks are processed as follows:data preparation,network training under FFA supervision,and FFA image prediction from fundus structure images on a test set.By comparing the FFA images predicted by our model,pix2pix,and CycleGAN,we demonstrate the remarkable progress achieved by our proposal.The high performance of our model is validated in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio,structural similarity index,and mean squared error.

Unified Control Theory from PID to ACPID

To address the challenge of achieving unified control across diverse nonlinear systems, a comprehensive control theory spanning from PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) to ACPID (Auto-Coupling PID) has been proposed. The primary concept is to unify all intricate factors, including internal dynamics and external bounded disturbance, into a single total disturbance. This enables the mapping of various nonlinear systems onto a linear disturbance system. Based on the theory of PID control and the characteristic equation of a critically damping system, Zeng’s stabilization rules (ZSR) and an ACPID control force based on a single speed factor have been designed. ACPID control theory is both simple and practical, with significant scientific significance and application value in the field of control engineering.

CHINA’S PUSH FOR UNIFIED NATIONAL MARKET BRINGS NEW OPPORTUNITIES

In recent years,China has implemented measures to advance the building of a unified national market,aiming to boost domestic demand and consolidate the foundations of its economic recovery.In March 2022,the Chinese government issued a guideline on accelerating the construction of a unified national market.The issue was also a focus at the annual Central Economic Work Conference held in December 2023.

The Unified Field

This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the dRtis equal to the compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the induced velocity, which might be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime. .

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术结合UNIFI筛查平台分析加味逍遥丸化学成分

目的运用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E))对加味逍遥丸的化学成分进行分析与鉴定,为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm,Waters),以0.1%甲酸水-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,进样量5μL,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃。采用电喷雾离子源,在正、负2种模式下进行复方质谱检测与分析,并且使用UNIFI平台对MS^(E)模式下采集的质谱数据,结合化合物准分子离子、质谱裂解途径及标准品进行结构确认。结果通过分析目标化合物的分子离子峰和二级质谱特征碎片离子,并且结合标准品裂解规律以及相关文献资料,共鉴定了其中78个化学成分,包括3个倍半萜类成分、4个苯丙素类成分、13个单萜类成分、7个酚类成分、5个环烯醚萜类成分、10个黄酮类成分、23个三萜类成分及13个其他类成分。结论运用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术可快速分析鉴定复方加味逍遥丸的主要化合物类型,可为复方质量控制及药效物质基础研究提供理论依据。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术结合UNIFI软件建立不同地黄炮制品的特征图谱方法

目的:通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MS^(E)技术联合UNIFI软件建立不同地黄炮制品的半定量分析方法。方法:采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱;柱温为40℃;流速为0.3 mL/min。采用电喷雾离子源,分别在正、负离子模式下采集数据,通过UNIFI软件中的TCM数据库、对照品比对以及参考相关文献鉴定其化学成分。以升麻素苷为内标,以酒蒸地黄样品为半定量样品,在正离子模式下对具有合适线性相关系数的22个成分进行精密度和稳定性考察,并对地黄不同炮制品中22个成分进行半定量分析。结果:22个成分在药材浓度为0.7617~15.2340 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好;方法学考察结果均良好。结论:该方法稳定可靠,可为进一步制定地黄不同炮制品的质量标准提供实验依据。

Fundamental Issues Towards Unified Design Theory of Recycled and Natural Aggregate Concrete Components

In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Consequently,demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete(NAC)and RAC components have been presented.Accordingly,this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination,compressive constitutive relationship,and design method of concrete components.The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength.The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC.The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression.However,the elastic modulus of RAC decreases,and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC.Finally,to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity,modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability.Additionally,the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion.It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures.

Analysis and Power Quality Improvement in Hybrid Distributed Generation System with Utilization of Unified Power Quality Conditioner

This paper presents a comprehensive study that includes the sizing and power flow by series and parallel inverters in a distributed generation system(DGs)that integrates the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic with a unified power quality conditioner(UPQC).In addition to supplying active power to the utility grid,the system of hybrid wind photovoltaic functions as a UPQC,compensating reactive power and suppressing the harmonic load currents.Additionally,the load is supplied with harmonic-free,balanced and regulated output voltages.Since PVWind-UPQC is established on a dual compensation scheme,the series inverter works like a sinusoidal current source,while the parallel inverter works like a sinusoidal voltage source.Consequently,a smooth alteration from interconnected operating modes to island operating modes and vice versa can be achieved without load voltage transients.Since PV-Wind-UPQC inverters handle the energy generated through the hybrid wind photovoltaic system and the energy demanded through the load,the converters should be sized cautiously.A detailed study of the flow of power via the PV-Wind-UPQC is imperative to gain a complete understanding of the system operation and the proper design of the converters.Thus,curves that allow the sizing of the power converters according to the power flow via the converters are presented and discussed.Simulation results are presented to assess both steady state and dynamic performances of the grid connected hybrid system of PV-Wind-UPQC.This investigation is verified by simulating and analyzing the results with Matlab/Simulink.

Fractional derivative statistical damage model of unsaturated expansive soil based on unified hydraulic effect

Unsaturated expansive soil is widely distributed in China and has complex engineering properties.This paper proposes the unified hydraulic effect shear strength theory of unsaturated expansive soil based on the effective stress principle,swelling force principle,and soil–water characteristics.Considering the viscoelasticity and structural damage of unsaturated expansive soil during loading,a fractional hardening–damage model of unsaturated expansive soil was established.The model parameters were established on the basis of the proposed calculation method of shear strength and the triaxial shear experiment on unsaturated expansive soil.The proposed model was verified by the experimental data and a traditional damage model.The proposed model can satisfactorily describe the entire process of the strain-hardening law of unsaturated expansive soil.Finally,by investigating the damage variables of the proposed model,it was found that:(a)when the values of confining pressure and matric suction are close,the coupling of confining pressure and matric suction contributes more to the shear strength;(b)there is a damage threshold for unsaturated expansive soil,and is mainly reflected by strength criterion of infinitesimal body;(c)the strain hardening law of unsaturated expansive soil is mainly reflected by fractional derivative operator.

Unified Understanding of Cosmological Energy Fields: Exploring Gravitation, Repulsion, and More

First, we develop a unitary process that can explain all four physical activations: electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and attraction. Second, it is clarified that cosmological and physical entities relate to different levels of existence in the universe and, hence, cannot be considered under the same paradigm. We know that biological entities use physical substances as executants;analogously, physical entities use cosmological substances as executants. Therefore, we have introduced new terms for the cosmological substances used as executants in physical activities. Third, this study introduces the primary elements of the cosmological world, such as visibility, forcibility, fullness, and hollowness, and defines them according to their attributes. This study explains how different combinations and placements of primary elements create different cosmological fields. These fields are used in all physical activations. Finally, we explain the entity model and how all physical activations occur. This study concludes that all physical activations use primary elements and follow the same universal law. Therefore, this study addresses the untouched subject of the creation of repulsion and attraction (gravitation). Furthermore, it addresses several cosmic mysteries that are yet to be resolved.

Monoidal Hom-unified积与monoidal Hom-Hopf代数的可裂扩张

从monoidal Hom-Hopf代数的分裂扩张的观点出发,对monoidal Hom-unified积进行等价刻画,即一个monoidal Hom-Hopf代数(E,β)同构于一个monoidal Hom-unified积(A■H,α■γ)当且仅当存在一个可裂单的monoidal Hom-Hopf代数同态i:(A,α)→(E,β).

An Outline of the Grand Unified Theory of Gauge Fields

This paper attempts to propose a grand unified guiding principle of gauge fields from the mathematical and physical picture of fiber bundles: it is believed that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four fundamental interactions, and the gauge fields of these fundamental interactions are just a unified gauge potential on the fiber bundle manifold or the components connected to the bottom manifold, that is, our universe;these components can meet the transformation of gauge potential, and even can be transformed from a fundamental interaction gauge potential to another fundamental interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the expression of the generalized gauge equation, corresponding to the gauge transformation invariance;so gauge transformation invariance is a necessary condition to unify field theory, but quantization of field is not a necessary condition;the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified into a universal gauge field defined by the connection of the principal fiber bundle on the cosmic base manifold.

Scavenging Microwave Wireless Power:A Unified Model,Rectenna Design Automation,and Cutting-Edge Techniques

While sufficient review articles exist on inductive short-range wireless power transfer(WPT),long-haul microwave WPT(MWPT)for solar power satellites,and ambient microwave wireless energy harvesting(MWEH)in urban areas,few studies focus on the fundamental modeling and related design automation of receiver systems.This article reviews the development of MWPT and MWEH receivers,with a focus on rectenna design automation.A novel rectifier model capable of accurately modeling the rectification process under both high and low input power is presented.The model reveals the theoretical boundary of radio frequency-to-direct current(dc)power conversion efficiency and,most importantly,enables an automated system design.The automated rectenna design flow is sequential,with the minimal engagement of iterative optimization.It covers the design automation of every module(i.e.,rectifiers,matching circuits,antennae,and dc–dc converters).Scaling-up of the technique to large rectenna arrays is also possible,where the challenges in array partitioning and power combining are briefly discussed.In addition,several cutting-edge rectenna techniques for MWPT and MWEH are reviewed,including the dynamic range extension technique,the harmonics-based retro-directive technique,and the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer technique,which can be good complements to the presented automated design methodology.

Research and Practice on High Availability Scheme of Unified Identity Authentication System Based on CAS in Colleges and Universities

Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements for a unified identity authentication system. Based on the practical work experience of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), this paper proposes a high availability scheme of unified identity authentication system based on CAS, which is composed of multiple CAS Servers, Nginx for load balancing, and Redis as a cache database. The scheme has been practiced in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the application effect is good, which has practical reference significance for other universities.

Reachable set estimation for discrete-time Markovian jump neural networks with unified uncertain transition probability

This paper focuses on the reachable set estimation for Markovian jump neural networks with time delay.By allowing uncertainty in the transition probabilities,a framework unifies and enhances the generality and realism of these systems.To fully exploit the unified uncertain transition probabilities,an equivalent transformation technique is introduced as an alternative to traditional estimation methods,effectively utilizing the information of transition probabilities.Furthermore,a vector Wirtinger-based summation inequality is proposed,which captures more system information compared to existing ones.Building upon these components,a novel condition that guarantees a reachable set estimation is presented for Markovian jump neural networks with unified uncertain transition probabilities.A numerical example is illustrated to demonstrate the superiority of the approaches.

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱联用技术的荆莲核消方化学成分分析

基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE),结合UNIFI软件对荆莲核消方(JLHXF)进行化学成分解析。使用Supelco Ascentis?Express C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×50 mm,2.7μm)在乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)的流动相体系下进行梯度洗脱;利用电喷雾离子源(ESI)在正、负离子模式下进行扫描,借助UNIFI软件及相关文献对成分进行分析鉴定。通过UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术在正、负离子模式下采集复方的质谱数据,通过化合物的精确相对分子质量和串联质谱数据采用UNIFI软件辅助解析,结合对照品质谱信息及相关文献,共鉴定和推断出187个化学成分,其中黄酮类化合物77个、有机酸类化合物41个、萜类化合物26个、苯丙素类化合物24个、苯酞类化合物12个以及其他类化合物7个。UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE技术可快速鉴定出荆莲核消方中的化学成分,准确性较高,为该方药效物质基础研究提供了可靠依据。

基于历史唯物主义视域的新质生产力:内涵、形成条件与有效路径

习近平总书记提出新质生产力这一概念,不仅对东北全面振兴具有重要指导意义,对我国实现经济高质量发展和中国式现代化也具有重大战略意义。新质生产力是由于生产力构成要素的质的不断提升而呈现出来的更为先进的生产力形式。新质生产力在本质上属于马克思主义的生产力范畴,具有实践性、全面性、发展性的性质。新质生产力外显于生产力的构成要素上,这些构成要素质量的提升即“劳动者”素质的持续提升、劳动资料的改进与广泛应用、劳动对象的不断扩张、科学技术的突飞猛进、管理水平的显著提升等,形成了孕育新质生产力的条件。依据新质生产力的形成条件,新质生产力的形成路径主要有:一是通过提升教育质量、培育世界一流企业、促进产业发展以培育高质量的“劳动者”;二是深入实施创新驱动发展战略以提升劳动资料及科学技术这两个要素的质量;三是建设超大规模的全国统一大市场以实现劳动对象的扩展;四是加强党的领导与培育企业家精神以实现企业管理的变革。

平台企业互联互通助推全国统一大市场建设:理论逻辑与实践路径

全国统一大市场的建设,是实现新发展格局的基础支撑。在数字经济时代,平台企业作为数字经济体系下的关键市场主体,有效地引领消费、教育、医疗等活动,实现了全面的数字化转型。平台企业互联互通更是依托于互联网技术,强化了平台双边用户的网络外部性与多归属性,以及平台企业双重身份的价值创造效应,从而有效提高了市场的统一性、开放性、竞争性、有序性,推动了全国统一大市场的建设。然而,互联互通过程中存有的推动互联互通运行的障碍及互联互通后所引发的潜在障碍等制约了统一大市场建设的进程。为此,从提升平台企业互联互通意识、加强互联互通技术研发、加强数据保护措施建设、强化互联互通的反垄断制度建设等方面着手,提出了一系列政策建议,以在规范平台经济发展的同时,促进全国统一大市场建设。

再论新质生产力:认识误区、形成条件与实现路径

自新质生产力提出以来,相关研究就成为学术界关注的热点。然而,当前关于新质生产力的认识还不够充分,人们对新质生产力的理解存在误区。例如,将传统产业排除在新质生产力的产业基础之外;否认政府推动科技创新形成新质生产力的重要作用;混淆生产力进步与新质生产力形成边界。在澄清上述误区的基础上,从制度保障、技术支撑、市场条件、产业基础四个方面明确了新质生产力的形成条件。形成新质生产力,应从如下方面着手:完善中国共产党领导下的新型举国体制,强化形成新质生产力的制度保障;加快实现高水平科技自立自强,激发形成新质生产力的创新动能;建设成熟的国内统一大市场,夯实形成新质生产力的市场基础;构建完善的现代化产业体系,筑牢形成新质生产力的产业根基。