The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(ever...The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(every third isotopes)+112 Sn for full reduced impact parameters using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model.The neutron and proton density distributions and root-mean-square radii of the reaction systems were obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model,which was used for the phase space initialization of the projectile and target in IQMD.We defined the unified neutron skin thickness asΔRnp=<r^(2)>^(1∕2) n−<r^(2)>^(1∕2)p,which was negative for neutron-deficient nuclei.The unifiedΔRnp values for nuclei with the same relative neutron excess from different isotopic chains were nearly equal,except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,which is a type of scaling behavior.The yield ratios of the three isotopic chain-induced reactions,which depended on the reduced impact parameter and unified neutron skin thickness,were studied.The results showed that both R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)decreased with a reduced impact parameter for extreme neutron-deficient isotopes;however,they increased with reduced impact parameters for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,and increased with theΔRnp of the projectiles for all reduced impact parameters.In addition,a scaling phenomenon was observed betweenΔR np and the yield ratios in peripheral colli-sions from different isotopic chain projectiles(except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes).Thus,R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)from peripheral collisions were suggested as experimental probes for extracting the neutron or proton skin thicknesses of non-extreme neutron-rich nuclei from different isotopic chains.展开更多
In the development of Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy/power density,long cycle-life,fast charging,and high safety,an insight into charge transfer reactions is required.Although electrochemical impedance spectro...In the development of Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy/power density,long cycle-life,fast charging,and high safety,an insight into charge transfer reactions is required.Although electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is regarded as a powerful diagnosis tool,it is not a direct but an indirect measurement.With respect to this,some critical questions need to be answered:(i)why EIS can reflect the kinetics of charge transfer reactions;(ii)what the inherent logical relationship between impedance models under different physical scenes is;(iii)how charge transfer reactions compete with each other at multiple scales.This work aims at answering these questions via developing a theory framework so as to mitigate the blindness and uncertainty in unveiling charge transfer reactions in LIBs.To systematically answer the above questions,this article is organized into a three-in-one(review,tutorial,and research)type and the following contributions are made:(i)a brief review is given for impedance model development of the LIBs over the past half century;(ii)an open source code toolbox is developed based on the unified impedance model;(iii)the competive mechanisms of charge transfer reactions are unveiled based on the developed EIS-Toolbox@LIB.This work not only clarifies theoretical fundamentals,but also provides an easy-to-use open source code for EIS-Toolbox@LIB to optimize fast charge/discharge,mitigate cycle aging,and improve energy/power density.展开更多
Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements...Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements for a unified identity authentication system. Based on the practical work experience of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), this paper proposes a high availability scheme of unified identity authentication system based on CAS, which is composed of multiple CAS Servers, Nginx for load balancing, and Redis as a cache database. The scheme has been practiced in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the application effect is good, which has practical reference significance for other universities.展开更多
The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of con...The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of continuous,diversified,and unified civilization for more than three thousand years.With the Yin Xu Site as the fulcrum,it constructs the spatialtemporal system of Xia-Shang archaeology and culture.展开更多
Following A. Einsteins aspirations for an atomic theory, a novel theory of spacetime quantization/atomization based on finite Atomic AString Functions evolving since the 1970s is offered. Atomization Theorems allow re...Following A. Einsteins aspirations for an atomic theory, a novel theory of spacetime quantization/atomization based on finite Atomic AString Functions evolving since the 1970s is offered. Atomization Theorems allow representing polynomials, analytic functions, and solutions of General Relativity via the superposition of solitonic atoms which can be associated with flexible spacetime quanta, metriants, or elementary distortions. With multiple interpretations discussed, discrete-continuous spacetime is conceptualized as a lattice network of flexible solitonic atoms adjusting locations to reproduce different metrics. The theory may offer some variants of unified field theory under research based on Atomic AString Function where, like in string theory, fields become interconnected having a common mathematical ancestor.展开更多
The research on the collapse of stars, due to Gravity, after the depletion of the fusion fuel, engaged a number of famous guys as Eddington, Chandrasekhar, Schwarzschild and Oppenheimer in the years around 1910-1050. ...The research on the collapse of stars, due to Gravity, after the depletion of the fusion fuel, engaged a number of famous guys as Eddington, Chandrasekhar, Schwarzschild and Oppenheimer in the years around 1910-1050. During this period, Einstein was writing his field equation of general relativity (1923), Fermi, in a famous letter to Pauli, proposed the neutrino in beta decay theory (1930), Chadwick found the neutron, that granted him the Nobel price (1935) and Hubble (1929) proved that the Universe was expanding. As a result of that golden age, we remain with a lot of unsolved questions, due to the poor knowledge of the nature of the strong Nuclear Interaction of Gravity that controls the whole Universe. We have made an investigation on the nature of nuclear bond and gravitational attraction on the basis of available data and as a follow-up of Fermi famous research on Neutrino. Using this background, we hope to be able to explain or give some light to the evolution of stars, to the strange objects and phenomena captured or perceived by astronomers in the sky and speculated by theoretical physicists.展开更多
You may think the scent of coffee or roses hits your nose as one seamless sensation.A new study shatters that notion,revealing our brain doesn’t perceive smells as whole molecules.Instead,it deconstructs odor molecul...You may think the scent of coffee or roses hits your nose as one seamless sensation.A new study shatters that notion,revealing our brain doesn’t perceive smells as whole molecules.Instead,it deconstructs odor molecules into substructures before reassembling them into unified scents we recognize.This counterintuitive finding flips our understanding of how we process the invisible world of smells around us.展开更多
This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invari...This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the dRtis equal to the compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the induced velocity, which might be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime. .展开更多
This paper studies the chaotic behaviours of the fractional-order unified chaotic system. Based on the approximation method in frequency domain, it proposes an electronic circuit model of tree shape to realize the fra...This paper studies the chaotic behaviours of the fractional-order unified chaotic system. Based on the approximation method in frequency domain, it proposes an electronic circuit model of tree shape to realize the fractional-order operator. According to the tree shape model, an electronic circuit is designed to realize the 2.7-order unified chaotic system. Numerical simulations and circuit experiments have verified the existence of chaos in the fraction-order unified system.展开更多
This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system with sliding mode control theory. The sliding manifold is constructed by the definition of fractional order derivative and integral for t...This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system with sliding mode control theory. The sliding manifold is constructed by the definition of fractional order derivative and integral for the fractional order unified chaotic system. By the existing proof of sliding manifold, the sliding mode controller is designed. To improve the convergence rate, the equivalent controller includes two parts: the continuous part and switching part. With Gronwall's inequality and the boundness of chaotic attractor, the finite stabilization of the fractional order unified chaotic system is proved, and the controlling parameters can be obtained. Simulation results are made to verify the effectiveness of this method.展开更多
This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system. On the unstable equilibrium points, the equivalent passivity'' method is used to design the nonlinear controller. With the definition ...This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system. On the unstable equilibrium points, the equivalent passivity'' method is used to design the nonlinear controller. With the definition of fractional derivatives and integrals, the Lyapunov function is constructed by which it is proved that the controlled fractional order system is stable. With Laplace transform theory, the equivalent integer order state equation from the fractional order nonlinear system is obtained, and the system output can be solved. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the theory.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the current clinical evidence related to the therapeutic effects and safety of adjuvant scalp electro-acupuncture (SEA) treatment for Parkinson's disease in China.Methods:Following the PRISM...Objective:To summarize the current clinical evidence related to the therapeutic effects and safety of adjuvant scalp electro-acupuncture (SEA) treatment for Parkinson's disease in China.Methods:Following the PRISMA statement,seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve randomized controlled clinical trials that used SEA combined with medication as the treatment intervention,and medication as the control.RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze outcomes,including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Webster scale,effectiveness rate,and UPDRS III.Results:Nine randomized controlled trials,with certain methodological flaws and risks of bias,were included that involved 474 participants.SEA combined with medication was more effective than medication alone in overall therapeutic effects,as evidenced by total UPDRS scores (mean difference (MD):7.15,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 14.07,P =.04),Webster scores (MD:1.60,95% CI 0.20 to 2.99,P =.03),and effectiveness rate (risk ratio:1.35,95% CI 1.19 to 1.54,P <.001).In addition,there was significant improvement in pooled motor function results after adjuvant SEA treatment compared with medication alone (MD:5.75,95% Cl 4.18 to 7.32,P <.001).Conclusion:The combination of SEA and medication may be a promising intervention for patients with Parkinson's disease,especially to improve motor function.However,results were inconclusive,and additional studies with rigorous experimental design and larger sample sizes are needed to verify these results.展开更多
The intellectual property("IP") judicial system comprises two parts: IP judicial organization and IP judicial mechanism. China’s IP judicial system reform should be carried along with the construction of sp...The intellectual property("IP") judicial system comprises two parts: IP judicial organization and IP judicial mechanism. China’s IP judicial system reform should be carried along with the construction of specialized IP courts, aiming to establish a specialized IP judicial system. Such a system contains five elements. First, the nation-wide specialized IP courts are both courts of first instance and of appeal, which is a mode of "first instance + appeal". Meanwhile, a state-level high court or an IP circuit court of the Supreme People’s Court("the Supreme Court") should be established. Second, IP courts should not be set up everywhere, instead, they should be set up in 10-13 central cities, supplemented with detached tribunals. Third, the judicial mechanism in the IP courts should be "3-in-1", in which civil, administrative and criminal suits are heard by one court. Fourth, the manner of reasoning inherited from administrative authority principles of the civil law system should be avoided, and judicial organs should be given the authority to make substantial judgments on the validity of IP. Finally, in technical cases, a multiidentification mechanism for technical facts should be set up, by establishing systems such as technical investigators, expert consultation, expert juries, and judicial appraisal. Thus, an overarching IP judicial system will be formed, which will separate IP trials from others and strengthen the professional traits of IP trails. Such a judicial system is an optimized choice conforming to the construction of an innovative country and is sufficient for China to present a picture of "strong judicial protection" of IP to the world.展开更多
In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Conseque...In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Consequently,demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete(NAC)and RAC components have been presented.Accordingly,this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination,compressive constitutive relationship,and design method of concrete components.The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength.The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC.The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression.However,the elastic modulus of RAC decreases,and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC.Finally,to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity,modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability.Additionally,the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion.It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures.展开更多
This paper studies the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic system of non-Chetaev type with unilateral constraints in event space under infinitesimal transformations of group. Firstly, it gives the differential equation...This paper studies the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic system of non-Chetaev type with unilateral constraints in event space under infinitesimal transformations of group. Firstly, it gives the differential equations of motion of the system. Secondly, it obtains the definition and the criterion of the unified symmetry for the system. Thirdly, a new conserved quantity, besides the Noether conserved quantity and the Hojman conserved quantity, is deduced from the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic system of non-Chetaev type with unilateral constraints. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
A new one-way hash function based on the unified chaotic system is constructed. With different values of a key parameter, the unified chaotic system represents different chaotic systems, based on which the one-way has...A new one-way hash function based on the unified chaotic system is constructed. With different values of a key parameter, the unified chaotic system represents different chaotic systems, based on which the one-way hash function algorithm is constructed with three round operations and an initial vector on an input message. In each round operation, the parameters are processed by three different chaotic systems generated from the unified chaotic system. Feed-forwards are used at the end of each round operation and at the end of each element of the message processing. Meanwhile, in each round operation, parameter-exchanging operations are implemented. Then, the hash value of length 160 bits is obtained from the last six parameters. Simulation and analysis both demonstrate that the algorithm has great flexibility, satisfactory hash performance, weak collision property, and high security.展开更多
The access of unified power flow controllers(UPFC)has changed the structure and operation mode of power grids all across the world,and it has brought severe challenges to the traditional real-time calculation of secur...The access of unified power flow controllers(UPFC)has changed the structure and operation mode of power grids all across the world,and it has brought severe challenges to the traditional real-time calculation of security correction based on traditionalmodels.Considering the limitation of computational efficiency regarding complex,physical models,a data-driven power system security correction method with UPFC is,in this paper,proposed.Based on the complex mapping relationship between the operation state data and the security correction strategy,a two-stage deep neural network(DNN)learning framework is proposed,which divides the offline training task of security correction into two stages:in the first stage,the stacked auto-encoder(SAE)classification model is established,and the node correction state(0/1)output based on the fault information;in the second stage,the DNN learningmodel is established,and the correction amount of each action node is obtained based on the action nodes output in the previous stage.In this paper,the UPFC demonstration project of NanjingWest Ring Network is taken as a case study to validate the proposed method.The results show that the proposed method can fully meet the real-time security correction time requirements of power grids,and avoid the inherent defects of the traditional model method without an iterative solution and can also provide reasonable security correction strategies for N-1 and N-2 faults.展开更多
Objective.The objective of this research is to unify the molecular representations of spatial transcriptomics and cellular scale histology with the tissue scales of computational anatomy for brain mapping.Impact State...Objective.The objective of this research is to unify the molecular representations of spatial transcriptomics and cellular scale histology with the tissue scales of computational anatomy for brain mapping.Impact Statement.We present a unified representation theory for brain mapping based on geometric varifold measures of the microscale deterministic structure and function with the statistical ensembles of the spatially aggregated tissue scales.Introduction.Mapping across coordinate systems in computational anatomy allows us to understand structural and functional properties of the brain at the millimeter scale.New measurement technologies in digital pathology and spatial transcriptomics allow us to measure the brain molecule by molecule and cell by cell based on protein and transcriptomic functional identity.We currently have no mathematical representations for integrating consistently the tissue limits with the molecular particle descriptions.The formalism derived here demonstrates the methodology for transitioning consistently from the molecular scale of quantized particles—using mathematical structures as first introduced by Dirac as the class of generalized functions—to the tissue scales with methods originally introduced by Euler for fluids.Methods.We introduce two mathematical methods based on notions of generalized functions and statistical mechanics.We use geometric varifolds,a product measure on space and function,to represent functional states at the micro-scales—electrophysiology,molecular histology—integrated with a Boltzmann-like program to pass from deterministic particle descriptions to empirical probabilities on the functional states at the tissue scales.Results.Our space-function varifold representation provides a recipe for traversing from molecular to tissue scales in terms of a cascade of linear space scaling composed with nonlinear functional feature mapping.Following the cascade implies every scale is a geometric measure so that a universal family of measure norms can be introduced which quantifies the geodesic connection between brains in the orbit independent of the probing technology,whether it be RNA identities,Tau or amyloid histology,spike trains,or dense MR imagery.Conclusions.We demonstrate a unified brain mapping theory for molecular and tissue scales based on geometric measure representations.We call the consistent aggregation of tissue scales from particle and cellular scales,molecular computational anatomy.展开更多
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership has become a new force in building a unified regional market and fostering global prosperity and development January 1,2023 marked the first anniversary of the entry int...The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership has become a new force in building a unified regional market and fostering global prosperity and development January 1,2023 marked the first anniversary of the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP).展开更多
This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modi...This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modification explains that observed dark energy is 68.6%, greater than 50% for the symmetrical positive-negative mass universe pair. This paper starts with the proposed positive-negative-mass 11D universe pair (without kinetic energy) which is transformed into the positive-negative mass 10D universe pair and the external dual gravities as in the Randall-Sundrum model, resulting in the four equal and separate universes consisting of the positive-mass 10D universe, the positive-mass massive external gravity, the negative-mass 10D universe and the negative-mass massive external gravity. The positive-mass 10D universe is transformed into 4D universe (home universe) with kinetic energy through the inflation and the Big Bang to create positive-mass dark matter which is five times of positive-mass baryonic matter. The other three universes without kinetic energy oscillate between 10D and 10D through 4D, resulting in the hidden universes when D > 4 and dark energy when D = 4, which is created continuously to our 4D home universe with the maximum dark energy = 3/4 = 75%. In the second modification to explain dark matter in the CMB, dark matter initially is not repulsive. The condensed baryonic gas at the critical surface density induces dark matter repulsive force to transform dark matter in the region into repulsive dark matter repulsing one another. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 68.6 (as an input from the observation), 26 and 5.2, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.6, 26.5 and 4.9, respectively, and dark energy started in 4.33 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 0.98 billion years ago. In conclusion, the modified Farnes’ unifying theory reinterprets the Farnes’ equations, and is a unifying theory of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The unifying theory explains protogalaxy and galaxy evolutions in agreement with the observations.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11405025).
文摘The yield ratios of neutron-proton(R(n/p))and^(3)H-^(3)He(R(^(3)H∕^(3)He))with reduced rapidity from 0 to 0.5 were simulated at 50 MeV/u even-even ^(36−56)Ca+^(40)Ca,even-even ^(48−78)Ni+^(58)Ni,and ^(100−139)Sn(every third isotopes)+112 Sn for full reduced impact parameters using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics(IQMD)model.The neutron and proton density distributions and root-mean-square radii of the reaction systems were obtained using the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model,which was used for the phase space initialization of the projectile and target in IQMD.We defined the unified neutron skin thickness asΔRnp=<r^(2)>^(1∕2) n−<r^(2)>^(1∕2)p,which was negative for neutron-deficient nuclei.The unifiedΔRnp values for nuclei with the same relative neutron excess from different isotopic chains were nearly equal,except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,which is a type of scaling behavior.The yield ratios of the three isotopic chain-induced reactions,which depended on the reduced impact parameter and unified neutron skin thickness,were studied.The results showed that both R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)decreased with a reduced impact parameter for extreme neutron-deficient isotopes;however,they increased with reduced impact parameters for extreme neutron-rich isotopes,and increased with theΔRnp of the projectiles for all reduced impact parameters.In addition,a scaling phenomenon was observed betweenΔR np and the yield ratios in peripheral colli-sions from different isotopic chain projectiles(except for extreme neutron-rich isotopes).Thus,R(n/p)and R(^(3)H∕^(3)He)from peripheral collisions were suggested as experimental probes for extracting the neutron or proton skin thicknesses of non-extreme neutron-rich nuclei from different isotopic chains.
基金the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China(22078190)the National Key R&D Plan of China(2020YFB1505802)。
文摘In the development of Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with high energy/power density,long cycle-life,fast charging,and high safety,an insight into charge transfer reactions is required.Although electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is regarded as a powerful diagnosis tool,it is not a direct but an indirect measurement.With respect to this,some critical questions need to be answered:(i)why EIS can reflect the kinetics of charge transfer reactions;(ii)what the inherent logical relationship between impedance models under different physical scenes is;(iii)how charge transfer reactions compete with each other at multiple scales.This work aims at answering these questions via developing a theory framework so as to mitigate the blindness and uncertainty in unveiling charge transfer reactions in LIBs.To systematically answer the above questions,this article is organized into a three-in-one(review,tutorial,and research)type and the following contributions are made:(i)a brief review is given for impedance model development of the LIBs over the past half century;(ii)an open source code toolbox is developed based on the unified impedance model;(iii)the competive mechanisms of charge transfer reactions are unveiled based on the developed EIS-Toolbox@LIB.This work not only clarifies theoretical fundamentals,but also provides an easy-to-use open source code for EIS-Toolbox@LIB to optimize fast charge/discharge,mitigate cycle aging,and improve energy/power density.
文摘Unified identity authentication has become the basic information service provided by colleges and universities for teachers and students. Security, stability, high concurrency and easy maintenance are our requirements for a unified identity authentication system. Based on the practical work experience of China University of Geosciences (Beijing), this paper proposes a high availability scheme of unified identity authentication system based on CAS, which is composed of multiple CAS Servers, Nginx for load balancing, and Redis as a cache database. The scheme has been practiced in China University of Geosciences (Beijing), and the application effect is good, which has practical reference significance for other universities.
文摘The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of continuous,diversified,and unified civilization for more than three thousand years.With the Yin Xu Site as the fulcrum,it constructs the spatialtemporal system of Xia-Shang archaeology and culture.
文摘Following A. Einsteins aspirations for an atomic theory, a novel theory of spacetime quantization/atomization based on finite Atomic AString Functions evolving since the 1970s is offered. Atomization Theorems allow representing polynomials, analytic functions, and solutions of General Relativity via the superposition of solitonic atoms which can be associated with flexible spacetime quanta, metriants, or elementary distortions. With multiple interpretations discussed, discrete-continuous spacetime is conceptualized as a lattice network of flexible solitonic atoms adjusting locations to reproduce different metrics. The theory may offer some variants of unified field theory under research based on Atomic AString Function where, like in string theory, fields become interconnected having a common mathematical ancestor.
文摘The research on the collapse of stars, due to Gravity, after the depletion of the fusion fuel, engaged a number of famous guys as Eddington, Chandrasekhar, Schwarzschild and Oppenheimer in the years around 1910-1050. During this period, Einstein was writing his field equation of general relativity (1923), Fermi, in a famous letter to Pauli, proposed the neutrino in beta decay theory (1930), Chadwick found the neutron, that granted him the Nobel price (1935) and Hubble (1929) proved that the Universe was expanding. As a result of that golden age, we remain with a lot of unsolved questions, due to the poor knowledge of the nature of the strong Nuclear Interaction of Gravity that controls the whole Universe. We have made an investigation on the nature of nuclear bond and gravitational attraction on the basis of available data and as a follow-up of Fermi famous research on Neutrino. Using this background, we hope to be able to explain or give some light to the evolution of stars, to the strange objects and phenomena captured or perceived by astronomers in the sky and speculated by theoretical physicists.
文摘You may think the scent of coffee or roses hits your nose as one seamless sensation.A new study shatters that notion,revealing our brain doesn’t perceive smells as whole molecules.Instead,it deconstructs odor molecules into substructures before reassembling them into unified scents we recognize.This counterintuitive finding flips our understanding of how we process the invisible world of smells around us.
文摘This is a Unified Field description based on the holographic Time Dilation Cosmology, TDC, model, which is an eternal continuum evolving forward in the forward direction of time, at the speed of light, c, at an invariant 1 s/s rate of time. This is the Fundamental Direction of Evolution, FDE. There is also an evolution down time dilation gradients, the Gravitational Direction of Evolution, GDE. These evolutions are gravity, which is the evolutionary force in time. Gravitational velocities are compensation for the difference in the rate of time, dRt, in a dilation field, and the dRtis equal to the compensatory velocity’s percentage of c, and is a measure of the force in time inducing the velocity. In applied force induced velocities, the dRt is a measure of the resistance in time to the induced velocity, which might be called “anti-gravity” or “negative gravity”. The two effects keep the continuum uniformly evolving forward at c. It is demonstrated that gravity is already a part of the electromagnetic field equations in way of the dRt element contained in the TDC velocity formula. Einstein’s energy formula is defined as a velocity formula and a modified version is used for charged elementary particle solutions. A time dilation-based derivation of the Lorentz force ties gravity directly to the electromagnetic field proving the unified field of gravity and the EMF. It is noted how we could possibly create gravity drives. This is followed by a discussion of black holes, proving supermassive objects, like massive black hole singularities, are impossible, and that black holes are massless Magnetospheric Eternally Collapsing Objects (MECOs) that are vortices in spacetime. .
文摘This paper studies the chaotic behaviours of the fractional-order unified chaotic system. Based on the approximation method in frequency domain, it proposes an electronic circuit model of tree shape to realize the fractional-order operator. According to the tree shape model, an electronic circuit is designed to realize the 2.7-order unified chaotic system. Numerical simulations and circuit experiments have verified the existence of chaos in the fraction-order unified system.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60702023)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No. 2007C11094)
文摘This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system with sliding mode control theory. The sliding manifold is constructed by the definition of fractional order derivative and integral for the fractional order unified chaotic system. By the existing proof of sliding manifold, the sliding mode controller is designed. To improve the convergence rate, the equivalent controller includes two parts: the continuous part and switching part. With Gronwall's inequality and the boundness of chaotic attractor, the finite stabilization of the fractional order unified chaotic system is proved, and the controlling parameters can be obtained. Simulation results are made to verify the effectiveness of this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60702023)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. Y107440)
文摘This paper studies the stability of the fractional order unified chaotic system. On the unstable equilibrium points, the equivalent passivity'' method is used to design the nonlinear controller. With the definition of fractional derivatives and integrals, the Lyapunov function is constructed by which it is proved that the controlled fractional order system is stable. With Laplace transform theory, the equivalent integer order state equation from the fractional order nonlinear system is obtained, and the system output can be solved. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the theory.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573773 and 81774110)Self-determined Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2017-JYB-JS-004).
文摘Objective:To summarize the current clinical evidence related to the therapeutic effects and safety of adjuvant scalp electro-acupuncture (SEA) treatment for Parkinson's disease in China.Methods:Following the PRISMA statement,seven electronic databases were searched to retrieve randomized controlled clinical trials that used SEA combined with medication as the treatment intervention,and medication as the control.RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze outcomes,including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS),Webster scale,effectiveness rate,and UPDRS III.Results:Nine randomized controlled trials,with certain methodological flaws and risks of bias,were included that involved 474 participants.SEA combined with medication was more effective than medication alone in overall therapeutic effects,as evidenced by total UPDRS scores (mean difference (MD):7.15,95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 14.07,P =.04),Webster scores (MD:1.60,95% CI 0.20 to 2.99,P =.03),and effectiveness rate (risk ratio:1.35,95% CI 1.19 to 1.54,P <.001).In addition,there was significant improvement in pooled motor function results after adjuvant SEA treatment compared with medication alone (MD:5.75,95% Cl 4.18 to 7.32,P <.001).Conclusion:The combination of SEA and medication may be a promising intervention for patients with Parkinson's disease,especially to improve motor function.However,results were inconclusive,and additional studies with rigorous experimental design and larger sample sizes are needed to verify these results.
基金This article is the phased achievement of the Beijing Social Science Fund Major Project:“Research on the Establishment of the Beijing Intellectual Property Court”(15ZDA05).
文摘The intellectual property("IP") judicial system comprises two parts: IP judicial organization and IP judicial mechanism. China’s IP judicial system reform should be carried along with the construction of specialized IP courts, aiming to establish a specialized IP judicial system. Such a system contains five elements. First, the nation-wide specialized IP courts are both courts of first instance and of appeal, which is a mode of "first instance + appeal". Meanwhile, a state-level high court or an IP circuit court of the Supreme People’s Court("the Supreme Court") should be established. Second, IP courts should not be set up everywhere, instead, they should be set up in 10-13 central cities, supplemented with detached tribunals. Third, the judicial mechanism in the IP courts should be "3-in-1", in which civil, administrative and criminal suits are heard by one court. Fourth, the manner of reasoning inherited from administrative authority principles of the civil law system should be avoided, and judicial organs should be given the authority to make substantial judgments on the validity of IP. Finally, in technical cases, a multiidentification mechanism for technical facts should be set up, by establishing systems such as technical investigators, expert consultation, expert juries, and judicial appraisal. Thus, an overarching IP judicial system will be formed, which will separate IP trials from others and strengthen the professional traits of IP trails. Such a judicial system is an optimized choice conforming to the construction of an innovative country and is sufficient for China to present a picture of "strong judicial protection" of IP to the world.
基金the financial support from the Distinguished Young Scholars of China by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51325802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51178340,52078358,and 52008304)。
文摘In the past 20 years,recycled aggregate concrete(RAC),as a type of low-carbon concrete,has become a worldwide focus of research.However,the design methodology for RAC structural components remains a challenge.Consequently,demands for a unified design of natural aggregate concrete(NAC)and RAC components have been presented.Accordingly,this study analyses the necessity of a unified design theory and provides an in-depth demonstration of the strength determination,compressive constitutive relationship,and design method of concrete components.The coefficient of variation of RAC strength is found to be generally higher than that of NAC strength.The compressive and tensile strengths of RAC can be defined and determined using the same method as that used for NAC.The uniaxial compressive constitutive relationship between NAC and RAC has a unified mathematical expression.However,the elastic modulus of RAC decreases,and its brittleness exhibits an increasing trend compared with that of NAC.Finally,to unify the design formulae of RAC and NAC components for bearing capacity,modification factors for RAC components are proposed considering safety and reliability.Additionally,the feasibility of the proposed unified time-dependent design theory is demonstrated in terms of conceptual design and structural measures considering the effects of strength degradation and reinforcement corrosion.It is believed that this study enriches and develops the basic theory of concrete structures.
文摘This paper studies the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic system of non-Chetaev type with unilateral constraints in event space under infinitesimal transformations of group. Firstly, it gives the differential equations of motion of the system. Secondly, it obtains the definition and the criterion of the unified symmetry for the system. Thirdly, a new conserved quantity, besides the Noether conserved quantity and the Hojman conserved quantity, is deduced from the unified symmetry of a nonholonomic system of non-Chetaev type with unilateral constraints. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (Grant No 08JJ4020)
文摘A new one-way hash function based on the unified chaotic system is constructed. With different values of a key parameter, the unified chaotic system represents different chaotic systems, based on which the one-way hash function algorithm is constructed with three round operations and an initial vector on an input message. In each round operation, the parameters are processed by three different chaotic systems generated from the unified chaotic system. Feed-forwards are used at the end of each round operation and at the end of each element of the message processing. Meanwhile, in each round operation, parameter-exchanging operations are implemented. Then, the hash value of length 160 bits is obtained from the last six parameters. Simulation and analysis both demonstrate that the algorithm has great flexibility, satisfactory hash performance, weak collision property, and high security.
基金supported in part by Science and Technology Projects of Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(J2021171).
文摘The access of unified power flow controllers(UPFC)has changed the structure and operation mode of power grids all across the world,and it has brought severe challenges to the traditional real-time calculation of security correction based on traditionalmodels.Considering the limitation of computational efficiency regarding complex,physical models,a data-driven power system security correction method with UPFC is,in this paper,proposed.Based on the complex mapping relationship between the operation state data and the security correction strategy,a two-stage deep neural network(DNN)learning framework is proposed,which divides the offline training task of security correction into two stages:in the first stage,the stacked auto-encoder(SAE)classification model is established,and the node correction state(0/1)output based on the fault information;in the second stage,the DNN learningmodel is established,and the correction amount of each action node is obtained based on the action nodes output in the previous stage.In this paper,the UPFC demonstration project of NanjingWest Ring Network is taken as a case study to validate the proposed method.The results show that the proposed method can fully meet the real-time security correction time requirements of power grids,and avoid the inherent defects of the traditional model method without an iterative solution and can also provide reasonable security correction strategies for N-1 and N-2 faults.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (http://www.nih.gov)grants R01EB020062 (MM),R01NS102670 (MM),U19AG033655 (MM),P41-EB031771 (MM and Tward),and R01MH105660 (MM)the National Science Foundation (NSF) (http://www.nsf.gov)16-569 NeuroNex contract 1707298 (MM)+3 种基金supported by the NSF grant ACI1548562Johns Hopkins University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center with NIH grant P50AG05146the Dana Foundation’s (http://www.dana.org)clinical neuroscience research programthe Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute (http://kavlijhu.org)supported by the Kavli Foundation (http://www.kavlifoundation.org) (MM and DT).
文摘Objective.The objective of this research is to unify the molecular representations of spatial transcriptomics and cellular scale histology with the tissue scales of computational anatomy for brain mapping.Impact Statement.We present a unified representation theory for brain mapping based on geometric varifold measures of the microscale deterministic structure and function with the statistical ensembles of the spatially aggregated tissue scales.Introduction.Mapping across coordinate systems in computational anatomy allows us to understand structural and functional properties of the brain at the millimeter scale.New measurement technologies in digital pathology and spatial transcriptomics allow us to measure the brain molecule by molecule and cell by cell based on protein and transcriptomic functional identity.We currently have no mathematical representations for integrating consistently the tissue limits with the molecular particle descriptions.The formalism derived here demonstrates the methodology for transitioning consistently from the molecular scale of quantized particles—using mathematical structures as first introduced by Dirac as the class of generalized functions—to the tissue scales with methods originally introduced by Euler for fluids.Methods.We introduce two mathematical methods based on notions of generalized functions and statistical mechanics.We use geometric varifolds,a product measure on space and function,to represent functional states at the micro-scales—electrophysiology,molecular histology—integrated with a Boltzmann-like program to pass from deterministic particle descriptions to empirical probabilities on the functional states at the tissue scales.Results.Our space-function varifold representation provides a recipe for traversing from molecular to tissue scales in terms of a cascade of linear space scaling composed with nonlinear functional feature mapping.Following the cascade implies every scale is a geometric measure so that a universal family of measure norms can be introduced which quantifies the geodesic connection between brains in the orbit independent of the probing technology,whether it be RNA identities,Tau or amyloid histology,spike trains,or dense MR imagery.Conclusions.We demonstrate a unified brain mapping theory for molecular and tissue scales based on geometric measure representations.We call the consistent aggregation of tissue scales from particle and cellular scales,molecular computational anatomy.
文摘The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership has become a new force in building a unified regional market and fostering global prosperity and development January 1,2023 marked the first anniversary of the entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP).
文摘This paper modifies the Farnes’ unifying theory of dark energy and dark matter which are negative-mass, created continuously from the negative-mass universe in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The first modification explains that observed dark energy is 68.6%, greater than 50% for the symmetrical positive-negative mass universe pair. This paper starts with the proposed positive-negative-mass 11D universe pair (without kinetic energy) which is transformed into the positive-negative mass 10D universe pair and the external dual gravities as in the Randall-Sundrum model, resulting in the four equal and separate universes consisting of the positive-mass 10D universe, the positive-mass massive external gravity, the negative-mass 10D universe and the negative-mass massive external gravity. The positive-mass 10D universe is transformed into 4D universe (home universe) with kinetic energy through the inflation and the Big Bang to create positive-mass dark matter which is five times of positive-mass baryonic matter. The other three universes without kinetic energy oscillate between 10D and 10D through 4D, resulting in the hidden universes when D > 4 and dark energy when D = 4, which is created continuously to our 4D home universe with the maximum dark energy = 3/4 = 75%. In the second modification to explain dark matter in the CMB, dark matter initially is not repulsive. The condensed baryonic gas at the critical surface density induces dark matter repulsive force to transform dark matter in the region into repulsive dark matter repulsing one another. The calculated percentages of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter are 68.6 (as an input from the observation), 26 and 5.2, respectively, in agreement with observed 68.6, 26.5 and 4.9, respectively, and dark energy started in 4.33 billion years ago in agreement with the observed 4.71 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">±</span> 0.98 billion years ago. In conclusion, the modified Farnes’ unifying theory reinterprets the Farnes’ equations, and is a unifying theory of dark energy, dark matter, and baryonic matter in the positive-negative mass universe pair. The unifying theory explains protogalaxy and galaxy evolutions in agreement with the observations.