The Dabie orogen, Eastern Qinling orogen and Eastern Kunlun orogen are the major components of the Central Mountain Ranges of China and each has distinctively metamorphic processes in their oldest rock units. The Dab...The Dabie orogen, Eastern Qinling orogen and Eastern Kunlun orogen are the major components of the Central Mountain Ranges of China and each has distinctively metamorphic processes in their oldest rock units. The Dabie orogen oldest rock units had experienced an intermediate-higher pressure, upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies metamorphism in the Indosinian intracontinental subduction collision event. The clockwise pt path, synchronous attainment of t max and p max and a segment of high slope retrograde path suggest a tectono driven rapid exhumation of the oldest rock units to upper middle crustal level following the end of the subduction collision process. The oldest rock units, also called Qinling Group, of Eastern Qinling Mountains suffered intensively collisional metamorphism at an immature plate tectonic framework during Jinningian movement about 1 000 Ma ago. The clockwise pt path with reach of t max following several hundreds of MPa decreasing from p max suggests that the denudation of the deeply burial rock units was due essentially to isostatic relaxation. During the Caledonian stage, the highly metamorphosed oldest rock units suffered from a high t thermal event in arc environment and superimposed by contact metamorphism. After thermal peaks, the rock units were exhumed in a short distance and cooled down isobarically. No regional metamorphism higher than upper greenschist facies condition since 300 Ma has been traced within exposed rocks in the eastern portion of Northern Qinling orogen. The oldest rock units in the Eastern Kunlun orogen were metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies to lower granulite facies rocks early or during the Luliang movement (some 1 800 Ma ago). The high grade metamorphic rock units had a long resident time at the deep crustal level, and were exhumed to middle upper crustal level during the Caledonian to Hercynian tectonometamorphic events. Shallow erosion of the orogenic belt led to good preservation of the low pressure metamorphic belt.展开更多
Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous stiffness.Interestingly,t...Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous stiffness.Interestingly,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle temperature.Therefore,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle temperature.Methods:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were included.These studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with R-package.Results:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of evidence.Results showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified activities.Funnel plots revealed no publication bias.Conclusion:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up programs.The lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.展开更多
Total knee arthroplasty is highly successful,in part due to range of motion(RoM)recovery.This is typically estimated goniometrically/visually by physical therapists(PTs)in the clinic,which is imprecise.Accordingly,a v...Total knee arthroplasty is highly successful,in part due to range of motion(RoM)recovery.This is typically estimated goniometrically/visually by physical therapists(PTs)in the clinic,which is imprecise.Accordingly,a validated inertial measurement unit(IMU)method for capturing knee RoM was deployed assessing postoperative RoM both in and outside of the clinical setting.The study's objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of continuously capturing knee RoM pre-/post-op via IMUs,dividing data into PT/non-PT portions of each day,and comparing PT/non-PT metrics.We hypothesized IMU-based clinical knee RoM would differ from IMU-based knee RoM captured outside clinical settings.10 patients(3 M,69±13 years)completed informed consent documents following ethics board approval.A validated IMU method captured long duration(8–12 h/day,~50 days)knee RoM pre-/post-op.Post-op metrics were subdivided(PT versus non-PT).Clinical RoM and patient reported outcome measures were also captured.Compliance and clinical disruption were evaluated.ANOVA compared post-op PT and non-PT means and change scores.Maximum flexion during PT was less than outside PT.PT stance/swing RoM and activity level were greater than outside PT.No temporal variable differences were found PT versus non-PT.IMU RoM measurements capture richer information than clinical measures.Maximum PT flexion was likely less than non-PT due to the exercises completed(i.e.high passive RoM vs.low RoM gait).PT gait flexion likely exceed non-PT because of‘white coat effects’wherein patients are closely monitored clinically.This implies data captured clinically represents optimum performance whereas data captured non-clinically represents realistic performance.展开更多
针对增程式电动汽车工作在增程模式时,如何避免动力电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的持续下降、减少对发动机和发电机转速/转矩的频繁调整、改善整车燃油经济性的问题,提出一种增程器功率流优化方法。首先对测量到的整车实时电功率...针对增程式电动汽车工作在增程模式时,如何避免动力电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的持续下降、减少对发动机和发电机转速/转矩的频繁调整、改善整车燃油经济性的问题,提出一种增程器功率流优化方法。首先对测量到的整车实时电功率依次进行发电效率修正、动力电池SOC修正和功率变化率修正从而得到增程器目标功率,同时还根据整车实时电功率以及动力电池SOC设计发动机启停控制策略。然后根据增程器的油电转换效率特性和最佳油电转换效率曲线计算出发动机/发电机的目标转速/转矩。最后在新欧洲行驶循环(new European driving cycle,NEDC)、联邦试验程序(federal test procedure,FTP)和高速公路燃油经济型试验(high way fuel economy test,HWFET)三种测试工况下进行了台架实验,结果表明文中提出的方法能够有效的避免动力电池SOC的持续下降,提高整车的燃油经济性,同时还降低了对发动机转速控制系统和发电机转矩控制系统的性能要求。展开更多
目的:建立重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)的月医院感染发病率的控制范围,为医院感染的控制提供一种科学的方法。方法:依据统计学医学参考值范围的原理:正态分布下曲线面积的规律,数值落在(-∞,x+1.64s)的区域概率为95%,若有数据...目的:建立重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)的月医院感染发病率的控制范围,为医院感染的控制提供一种科学的方法。方法:依据统计学医学参考值范围的原理:正态分布下曲线面积的规律,数值落在(-∞,x+1.64s)的区域概率为95%,若有数据超出此值,则需要提醒临床科室注意;数值落在(-∞,x+2.33s)的区域概率为99%,若有数据超出此值,则表明质量失控。分别统计本院2011年1月至2012年6月呼吸ICU、神内ICU、中心ICU、神外ICU、心胸外ICU目标监测的资料,确立各ICU月医院感染发病率的预警限和控制限,于2012年7月至今对超出预警限的临床科室进行反馈,对超出控制限的临床科室进行反馈干预。结果:确立了各ICU月医院感染发病率的预警限和控制限,其中神外ICU月医院感染发病率的控制限是22.39%,2012年8月神外ICU的医院感染发病率超出控制限,分析反馈干预后,该ICU 9月至11月的医院感染发病率下降。结论:本文已确立ICU的月医院感染发病率的控制范围,可以此来判断ICU的医院感染的流行趋势,及时预警,作为各ICU比较的衡量标准,保证持续改进的质量控制过程,是一种值得推荐的科学方法。展开更多
文摘The Dabie orogen, Eastern Qinling orogen and Eastern Kunlun orogen are the major components of the Central Mountain Ranges of China and each has distinctively metamorphic processes in their oldest rock units. The Dabie orogen oldest rock units had experienced an intermediate-higher pressure, upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies metamorphism in the Indosinian intracontinental subduction collision event. The clockwise pt path, synchronous attainment of t max and p max and a segment of high slope retrograde path suggest a tectono driven rapid exhumation of the oldest rock units to upper middle crustal level following the end of the subduction collision process. The oldest rock units, also called Qinling Group, of Eastern Qinling Mountains suffered intensively collisional metamorphism at an immature plate tectonic framework during Jinningian movement about 1 000 Ma ago. The clockwise pt path with reach of t max following several hundreds of MPa decreasing from p max suggests that the denudation of the deeply burial rock units was due essentially to isostatic relaxation. During the Caledonian stage, the highly metamorphosed oldest rock units suffered from a high t thermal event in arc environment and superimposed by contact metamorphism. After thermal peaks, the rock units were exhumed in a short distance and cooled down isobarically. No regional metamorphism higher than upper greenschist facies condition since 300 Ma has been traced within exposed rocks in the eastern portion of Northern Qinling orogen. The oldest rock units in the Eastern Kunlun orogen were metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies to lower granulite facies rocks early or during the Luliang movement (some 1 800 Ma ago). The high grade metamorphic rock units had a long resident time at the deep crustal level, and were exhumed to middle upper crustal level during the Caledonian to Hercynian tectonometamorphic events. Shallow erosion of the orogenic belt led to good preservation of the low pressure metamorphic belt.
文摘Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous stiffness.Interestingly,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle temperature.Therefore,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle temperature.Methods:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were included.These studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with R-package.Results:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of evidence.Results showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified activities.Funnel plots revealed no publication bias.Conclusion:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up programs.The lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.
基金This was work supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health[UL1TR001086].
文摘Total knee arthroplasty is highly successful,in part due to range of motion(RoM)recovery.This is typically estimated goniometrically/visually by physical therapists(PTs)in the clinic,which is imprecise.Accordingly,a validated inertial measurement unit(IMU)method for capturing knee RoM was deployed assessing postoperative RoM both in and outside of the clinical setting.The study's objectives were to evaluate the feasibility of continuously capturing knee RoM pre-/post-op via IMUs,dividing data into PT/non-PT portions of each day,and comparing PT/non-PT metrics.We hypothesized IMU-based clinical knee RoM would differ from IMU-based knee RoM captured outside clinical settings.10 patients(3 M,69±13 years)completed informed consent documents following ethics board approval.A validated IMU method captured long duration(8–12 h/day,~50 days)knee RoM pre-/post-op.Post-op metrics were subdivided(PT versus non-PT).Clinical RoM and patient reported outcome measures were also captured.Compliance and clinical disruption were evaluated.ANOVA compared post-op PT and non-PT means and change scores.Maximum flexion during PT was less than outside PT.PT stance/swing RoM and activity level were greater than outside PT.No temporal variable differences were found PT versus non-PT.IMU RoM measurements capture richer information than clinical measures.Maximum PT flexion was likely less than non-PT due to the exercises completed(i.e.high passive RoM vs.low RoM gait).PT gait flexion likely exceed non-PT because of‘white coat effects’wherein patients are closely monitored clinically.This implies data captured clinically represents optimum performance whereas data captured non-clinically represents realistic performance.
文摘针对增程式电动汽车工作在增程模式时,如何避免动力电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的持续下降、减少对发动机和发电机转速/转矩的频繁调整、改善整车燃油经济性的问题,提出一种增程器功率流优化方法。首先对测量到的整车实时电功率依次进行发电效率修正、动力电池SOC修正和功率变化率修正从而得到增程器目标功率,同时还根据整车实时电功率以及动力电池SOC设计发动机启停控制策略。然后根据增程器的油电转换效率特性和最佳油电转换效率曲线计算出发动机/发电机的目标转速/转矩。最后在新欧洲行驶循环(new European driving cycle,NEDC)、联邦试验程序(federal test procedure,FTP)和高速公路燃油经济型试验(high way fuel economy test,HWFET)三种测试工况下进行了台架实验,结果表明文中提出的方法能够有效的避免动力电池SOC的持续下降,提高整车的燃油经济性,同时还降低了对发动机转速控制系统和发电机转矩控制系统的性能要求。
文摘目的:建立重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)的月医院感染发病率的控制范围,为医院感染的控制提供一种科学的方法。方法:依据统计学医学参考值范围的原理:正态分布下曲线面积的规律,数值落在(-∞,x+1.64s)的区域概率为95%,若有数据超出此值,则需要提醒临床科室注意;数值落在(-∞,x+2.33s)的区域概率为99%,若有数据超出此值,则表明质量失控。分别统计本院2011年1月至2012年6月呼吸ICU、神内ICU、中心ICU、神外ICU、心胸外ICU目标监测的资料,确立各ICU月医院感染发病率的预警限和控制限,于2012年7月至今对超出预警限的临床科室进行反馈,对超出控制限的临床科室进行反馈干预。结果:确立了各ICU月医院感染发病率的预警限和控制限,其中神外ICU月医院感染发病率的控制限是22.39%,2012年8月神外ICU的医院感染发病率超出控制限,分析反馈干预后,该ICU 9月至11月的医院感染发病率下降。结论:本文已确立ICU的月医院感染发病率的控制范围,可以此来判断ICU的医院感染的流行趋势,及时预警,作为各ICU比较的衡量标准,保证持续改进的质量控制过程,是一种值得推荐的科学方法。
