Graph Clustering Algorithm for RT Level ALU Technology Mapping

Register transfer level mapping (RTLM) algorithm for technology mapping at RT level is presented,which supports current design methodologies using high level design and design reuse.The mapping rules implement a source ALU using target ALU.The source ALUs and the target ALUs are all represented by the general ALUs and the mapping rules are applied in the algorithm.The mapping rules are described in a table fashion.The graph clustering algorithm is a branch and bound algorithm based on the graph formulation of the mapping algorithm.The mapping algorithm suits well mapping of regularly structured data path.Comparisons are made between the experimental results generated by 1 greedy algorithm and graphclustering algorithm,showing the feasibility of presented algorithm.

英国A Level选考制度的发展动因与内在逻辑——兼论对我国新高考选考改革的启示

英国普通教育高级程度证书(A Level)建立于1951年,是英国高校在招生过程中最认可的学术资格证书考试之一,以自由选考为制度特色。A Level选考制度历经1989年、2000年和2015年三次改革,分别以“扩充课程广度”“提升考试适应性”“提高考试选拔性”为问题聚焦,其制度设计逐渐趋于完善,实现高校选才和中学育人的双重功能。A Level选考制度在英国传统文化的影响下以自由为内核,在教育矛盾的张力中维系着卓越的学术标准,在时代发展的推动下以追求公平为依归。参考A Level选考制度的发展逻辑,中国高考综合改革未来应在“有限多样”的原则下增加学生的选择性,并通过完善科目的内部评估体系实现综合评价录取。

英国GCE A-Level物理考试试题内容及特点研究——以单元1为例

在统计近年来英国GCE A-Level物理考试单元1试题的基础上,分析该试卷的特点,研究了该单元试题的典型案例,并且讨论了GCE A-Level物理考试单元1试题对我国高考物理考试和评价的参考与借鉴价值。

Endogenous Levels of Polyamines under Water-Deficit Stress during Cotton’s Reproductive Development

Polyamines, putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) are implicated in plants’ responses under conditions of abiotic stress. Previous research in other crops has indicated that polyamines and changes in their concentrations are associated with drought tolerance under conditions of water-deficit stress;however, no information exists on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Growth chamber experiments were conducted with two cotton cultivars differing in drought tolerance, ST5288B2F (drought-sensitive) and Siokra L23 (drought-tolerant) in order to investigate the distribution of free polyamines, the effect of water-deficit stress on the polyamine metabolism of cotton reproductive units and their subtending leaves as well as the possible relationship between polyamines and drought tolerance in cotton. Our results showed that cotton ovaries contained significantly higher levels of total free polyamines compared to their subtending leaves under both control and water stress conditions. Water-deficit stress significantly increased PUT concentrations in ST5288B2F, while SPM levels significantly decreased in Siokra L23. The results indicated that water-deficit stress significantly affected cotton polyamine metabolism in reproductive structures and their subtending leaves;however, no clear relationship between drought-tolerance and changes in polyamine accumulation was established. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism according to which water-deficit stress affects polyamine metabolism.

Hierarchy of mesenchymal stem cells: Comparison of multipotentmesenchymal stromal cells with fibroblast colony forming units

The organization of the compartment of mesenchymal stem cells is still obscure. Two types of human stromal precursor cells are known. Both of them are analyzed in in vitro system: mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSC) and fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-F). The aim of this study was to compare the main characteristics of MMSC and CFU-F derived from the bone marrow of 24 healthy donors. Growth and differentiation parameters, as well as relative expression levels of different genes were analyzed in MMSC and CFU-F. MMSC were cultivated for 5 passages. CFU-F concentration was determined for each bone marrow sample. The data obtained demonstrated the heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of both studied populations of stromal precursor cells-MMSC and CFU-F. These two types of stromal precursor cells turned to be different in most parameters studied. Altogether MMSC seemed to be more immature cells than CFU-F and took up the higher position in hierarchical tree of mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of differentiation and proliferative potential decreased with the donor’s age in both populations MMSC and CFU-F.

Factors Promoting and Hindering Performance of Unit Nurse Managers at Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospitals in Malawi

Unit nurse managers in Malawi experience many challenges in the course of performing their roles. This affects their performance and service delivery including the quality of nursing care to patients. This study was conducted to determine the factors that hindered performance of unit managers in relation to expected quality of nursing services at two referral facilities (Kamuzu and Queen Elizabeth Central hospitals) in Malawi. These two central hospitals have the same structural settings and both offer specialized tertiary health services. A quantitative descriptive design was used to guide the planning and implementation of the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the two major hospitals in Malawi and all available 37 unit nurse managers during the time of the study at the two hospitals participated in the study. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires after seeking consent from the participants and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The major roles identified by the unit managers were supervision (75.6%, n = 28) and coordination (70.3%, n = 26). Other roles such as team leader, liaison officer, research allocator, monitor and facilitator were rated by very few participants. Findings of the study showed that performance of unit nurse managers was affected by inadequate material (86.4%, n = 32) and human resources (94.5%, n = 35) and lack of managerial skills (5.4%, n = 2). In addition, the unit managers perceived their role to be stressful (38.9%, n = 14) and challenging (47.2%, n = 17). Therefore, there is a need to provide adequate material and human resources to the wards of the two central hospitals to enable the unit managers perform their duties efficiently.

Relationship between the incidence of non-hepatic hyperammonemia and the prognosis of patients in the intensive care unit

BACKGROUND Ammonia is a normal constituent of body fluids and is found mainly through the formation of urea in the liver.Blood levels of ammonia must remain low as even slightly elevated concentrations(hyperammonemia)are toxic to the central nervous system.AIM To examine the relationship between the incidence of non-hepatic hyperammonemia(NHH)and the prognosis of patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS This is a prospective,observational and single-center study.A total of 364 patients who were admitted to the ICU from November 2019 to February 2020 were initially enrolled.Changes in the levels of blood ammonia at the time of ICU admission and after ICU admission were continuously monitored.In addition,factors influencing the prognosis of NHH patients were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 204 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study,including 155 NHH patients and 44 severe-NHH patients.The incidence of NHH and severe-NHH was 75.98% and 21.57%,respectively.Patients with severe-NHH exhibited longer length of ICU stay and higher Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores compared to those with mild-NHH and non-NHH.Glasgow Coma Scale scores of patients with severe-NHH were than those of non-NHH patients.In addition,the mean and initial levels of ammonia in the blood might be helpful in predicting the prognosis of NHH.CONCLUSION High blood ammonia level is frequent among NHH patients admitted to the ICU,which is related to the clinical characteristics of patients.Furthermore,the level of blood ammonia may be helpful for prognosis prediction.

Analysis of Fixed Site Leveling Abnormality at Hutubi Seismic Station

On the basis of the comparison data of Stage II of the tunnel site leveling project at Hutubi seismic station and the observation data of Stage IV of the site cross fault leveling project at Hutubi and the level observation data from the cross fault survey lines in Dafeng from 1987 to 2012,this paper analyses the variation rates of the tunnel site leveling observation results and the difference of annual change rates of the cross fault level observations at Hongshan seismic station in Hutubi. This paper concludes the reliability of the Ni004 optical level used by the station and puts forward a proposal based on the analysis. This paper also explores the cross fault leveling research on the ground deformation in the region concerned on the basis of the historical observation of the cross fault level at Dafeng and the comparison results of the tunnel site leveling observation in Hutubi.

Can Computerized Hounsfield Unit Estimation Be Used as Predictor for Ureteric Stone Localization by Fluoroscopy during Extra Corporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Ureteroscopy?

Current minimally invasive interventions for ureteric stones involve either ESWL or Ureteroscopy and stone localization is mandatory for successful treatment in both. Objectives: To avoid doing KUB radiograph before ESWL routinely by correlating the stone attenuation value on CT KUB with stone visualization at fluoroscopy. Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional hospital based, Multicentric study carried out on 1010 patients with ureteric stones in Sudan from August 2014 to March 2016. Results: Mean stone density in HU was 704.45 ± 300 (SD) ranging (81 - 1873) HU. All of the stones were localized using fluoroscopy and only 26.5% of them were not seen under fluoroscopy. I.V contrast was used mostly, and also mainly in the upper ureter. More than 80% of the application of contrast through the ureteric catheter was in the lower ureteric stones. 91.2% of patients with stone density ≤ 400 HU failed to appear at fluoroscopy and therefore 400 HU attenuation value can be used as a cut-off level to request doing KUB before ESWL and Ureteroscopy. Conclusion: the ureteric stones with density ≤400 HU the likelihood of being non-visualized at fluoroscopy is 91.2% therefore if the stone has ≤400 HU at CT KUB it is mandatory to do KUB before treatment above that it is most likely to be seen at fluoroscopy and no need to request KUB for them before ESWL or URS. 1) Inclusion Criteria: All patients diagnosed by CT scan to have ureteric stones for ESWL or Ureteroscopy. 2) Exclusion Criteria: Patients for whom treatment of ureteric stone by ESWL or ureteroscopy is not indicated like severe infection or poor kidney function where nephrectomy is needed.

Booster for achieving the sustainable development agenda——Chinese social organizations attends the 2018 UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development

On July 9,the 2018 United Nations High Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development was grandly opened at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.China NGO Network for International Exchanges (CNIE)organized a number of social organizations in China to attend the forum,held a theme seminar,and participated in the photo exhibition of the forum.

油田三维地质多级建模策略与方法——以渤海湾盆地整装孤岛油田为例

三维地质建模应用于油田勘探开发的各个阶段,解决不同的问题时,对建模的规模、精度及要求也不同。分区块地质建模在井位部署、开发调整分析上可以起到一定的指导作用,但是各独立区块模型没有统一的标准,不能实现由小模型到大模型的拼接,制约了油田的整体勘探开发及规划工作。为了更好发挥地质建模在油田勘探开发全生命周期的精准作用,研究以渤海湾盆地整装孤岛油田为例,提出了油田—区块—储层单砂体构型的多级建模策略。使用具有自主知识产权的Direct、M^(3)地质建模软件,应用地质约束的地质统计学及嵌入式储层构型建模方法,实现了从大到小、整体到局部、笼统到精细。分层级刻画了油田的构造沉积演化特征、储层内部构型及油藏空间展布,建成了中国首例油田级亿万网格节点的三维地质大模型及分级模型,为深化地质认识、油藏开发潜力评价、整体开发调整提高采收率提供了有利的手段。多级三维地质建模技术既为技术人员提供了多学科一体化的交流平台,又为油田勘探开发提供了方向,是油田数字化管理的有力抓手,更是数字化、智能化油田发展的必然趋势。

An enhanced GPU reduction at the warp-level

In recent years, graphical processing unit （GPU）-accelerated intelligent algorithms have been widely utilized for solving combination optimization problems, which are NP-hard, These intelligent algorithms involves a common operation, namely reduction, in which the best suitable candidate solution in the neighborhood is selected. As one of the main procedures, it is necessary to optimize the reduction on the GPU. In this paper, we propose an enhanced warp-based reduction on the GPU. Compared with existing block-based reduction methods, our method exploit efficiently the potential of implementation at warp level, which better matches the characteristics of current GPU architecture. Firstly, in order to improve the global memory access performance, the vectoring accessing is utilized. Secondly, at the level of thread block reduction, an enhanced warp-based reduction on the shared memory are presented to form partial results. Thirdly, for the configuration of the number of thread blocks, the number of thread blocks can be obtained by maximizing the size of thread block and the maximum size of threads per stream multi-processor on GPU. Finally, the proposed method is evaluated on three generations of NVIDIA GPUs with the better performances than previous methods.

一种考虑g敏感性的MIMU系统级标定方法研究

针对微机械惯性测量单元(micro-electro-mechanical-system inertial measurement unit,MIMU)中存在陀螺漂移的g敏感性以及因漂移误差大而无法进行自主方位对准问题,建立了MIMU系统级标定Kalman滤波状态空间模型,考虑g敏感性误差状态的影响,在量测方程中加入方位失准角变化率以增强g敏感性的状态估计可观性;直接采用外输入粗略初始方位角进行导航解算,降低地球自转角速度的影响,提高陀螺漂移估计精度。设计了一套完整的系统级标定转位编排方案,陀螺标定和加速度计标定相互依赖,共同协作完成MIMU系统级标定,能够有效分离出所有30个标定参数,利用某型号弹载MIMU进行了实物标定试验验证,分别用标定前后数据进行导航解算,对比导航结算结果发现标定后的3个方向的导航速度都降低了,加速度计的刻度因数和零偏标定精度更高。特别在MIMU存在多轴大角度转动情况下,近10 min内达到优于30 m/s的导航速度精度,验证了系统级标定具有较高的精度。

融合双图卷积与门控线性单元的方面级情感分析模型

方面级情感分析旨在确定句子中给定方面的情感极性。现有的基于图神经网络的方面级情感分析存在以下2个方面的不足:忽略了不同类型的句法依存关系和语料库中的词共现信息,以及不能准确地控制情感信息流向给定方面。针对以上问题,提出融合双图卷积与门控线性单元(GLU)的方面级情感分析模型。该模型首先采用全局词汇图来编码语料库中的词共现信息,在词汇图和句法图上利用分类概括结构来区分各种词共现频率和不同类型的句法依存关系。然后分别在2个图上进行双层卷积,继而使用Bi Affine变换模块作为桥梁,在2个图卷积网络模块之间有效地交换相关特征,从而有效地融合句法信息和词汇信息。最后利用GLU控制情感信息流向给定方面,使模型可以更专注地分析与该方面相关的情感信息,避免不相关的情感信息影响对给定方面的情感分析结果,从而提高分析的准确性。实验结果表明,在Twitter、Laptop14、Restaurant15和Restaurant16数据集上,该模型的准确率分别达到74.82%、77.61%、82.29%和89.81%,F1值分别达到72.97%、73.52%、67.72%和73.37%,方面级情感分类效果明显优于其他基线模型。

美国科技创新水平时空格局演变与影响因素

在全球科技竞争愈演愈烈的今天,科技创新已成为国际竞争力的核心组成部分。在中美科技摩擦不断升级的背景下,深入研究美国的科技创新水平时空格局演变对于把握世界科技创新的发展水平和特点,以及促进中国科技创新实力的提升具有重要意义。本研究以美国专利发表量等数据为基础,分析2000-2022年美国科技创新的演化规律及影响因素。发现美国科技创新水平持续增长,尽管受到经济危机、政策变化等影响,但整体稳健发展。同时,东西海岸地区创新活动集中,中部地区科技创新水平相对较低。此外,美国科技创新的空间格局逐渐向西移动,集聚度增强。这些发现为深化中国科技创新中心布局和发展战略提供了重要启示。中国应重视区域科技创新的集聚特征,推动创新带动效应;加强科技创新政策法规完善,吸引社会资本投入科技创新;同时,因地制宜培育科技创新高地,发挥科研机构集聚区优势,促进科技实力提升。

“互联网+”单元教学促进学生学业质量发展的效果研究

学生学业质量的发展是教育教学高质量发展的重要表征。素养本位的学业质量观,对技术促进教学模式的变革提出了新要求。依托技术支持的学习环境,以“互联网+”单元教学模式的课堂实践为基础,基于OBE理念构建了其促进学生学业质量发展的评价指标框架,通过教学实践的方式,探究“互联网+”单元教学在初中数学教学实施前后,学生学业过程性质量和结果性质量的变化。研究结果表明,“互联网+”单元教学可有效推动学生自主学习能力和小组合作能力的发展,可提升学生学科发展水平,对学生学业质量的发展具有积极促进作用。基于分析结果,进一步对“互联网+”单元教学促进学生学业质量发展的原因和学理进行了分析,为在课堂实践中应用“互联网+”单元教学模式,赋能学生学业质量发展提供参考路径。

水库水位的VMD-CNN-GRU混合预测模型

水库水位预测为其运营、防洪、水资源调度管理提供了重要决策支持.准确可靠的预测对水资源的优化管理起着至关重要的作用.针对水库水位数据的非线性、不稳定性以及复杂的时空特性,提出一种融合自适应变分模态分解(VMD)、卷积神经网络(CNN)和门控循环单元(GRU)的混合水库水位预测模型.VMD通过对水位序列进行分解消除噪声,CNN用于有效提取水位数据的局部特征,GRU用于提取水位数据的深层时间特征.以葠窝水库日水位为例,与多个相关模型对比分析,结果表明:精度方面,新模型在选取的评价指标上均表现最佳;运算效率方面,本文选择的GRU与长短时记忆网络(LSTM)相比,运算效率显著提高.新模型预测的高精度、高运算效率更能满足实际水库水位实时调度的需求.

计及改进阶梯型碳交易和热电联产机组灵活输出的园区综合能源系统低碳调度

为了进一步降低园区综合能源系统(park-level integrated energy system,PIES)碳排放量,优化热电联产(combined heat and power,CHP)机组出力的灵活性,提出一种考虑改进阶梯型碳交易和CHP热电灵活输出的PIES低碳经济调度策略。首先,将遗传算法与模糊控制相结合,设计一种遗传模糊碳交易参数优化器,从而对现有阶梯型碳交易机制进行改进,实现该机制参数的自适应变化;其次,在传统CHP中加入卡琳娜(Kalina)循环与电锅炉(electricboiler,EB),构造CHP热电灵活输出模型,以同时满足电、热负荷的不同需求;然后,提出一种柔性指标——电、热输出占比率,进而计算出电、热输出占比率区间,以衡量CHP运行灵活性;最后,将改进阶梯型碳交易机制和CHP热电灵活输出模型协同优化,以系统运行成本和碳交易成本之和最小为目标,构建PIES低碳经济优化模型。算例分析表明,所提策略可有效降低经济成本和碳排放量,同时还可扩展CHP灵活输出调节范围,能够为PIES低碳经济调度提供参考。

基于CNN-GRU-ATT的城市暴雨积水预测研究

多发频发的极端暴雨事件导致很多城市普遍面临严重内涝问题。能否准确高效地预测城市积水点的水位变化,是城市内涝防治的重要组成部分。为有效提升城市暴雨积水预测的精度和效率,建立了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)-门控循环单元(GRU)-注意力机制(ATT)的城市暴雨积水预测模型。首先利用CNN与GRU提取水位数据的局部空间特征和深层时间特征,然后引入ATT加强对降雨序列中关键信息的记忆,从而完成城市积水点的水位预测。利用开封市某积水点的实测水位对模型进行了验证,并与以往的CNN-GRU、ATT-CNN-LSTM以及CNN-LSTM模型进行了对比分析。结果表明,CNN-GRU-ATT模型的损失函数在epoch=20处即达到收敛,损失函数值最终稳定在0.0002左右,收敛效果较好。此外,与其他3种模型相比,CNN-GRU-ATT模型的预测精度评价指标表现均为最优,且模型仍能保持较高的运算效率。其中均方根误差为1.39%,平均绝对百分比误差为4.32%,决定系数为0.9954。这表明CNN-GRU-ATT模型能够准确、高效地预测出积水点的水位变化情况,可为暴雨内涝预警和制定防汛排涝方案提供有效的科学依据。

基于“等级-网络”双维度下的福建省县级单元对外服务能力空间格局演化

基于城市流强度模型和改进的引力模型,从“等级-网络”双维度下的对外服务能力空间关系,开展福建省县级单元对外服务能力格局演变的分析。结果表明:(1)第二、三产业对外服务能力均持续增强的同时,工业与商务商贸成为职能部门的“双子星”。(2)对外服务能力空间格局整体表现出沿海高于内陆的特征,各职能分工定位与发展态势逐步明晰。(3)对外服务能力网络格局中第二、三产业勾勒出以沿海高等级联系为主导并向内陆辐射延展的放射状网络;工业职能部门在内陆与沿海分别形成倒“T”型与“钻石型”主干网络。