Cloud-Model-Based Feature Engineering to Analyze the Energy-Water Nexus of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant

Wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)are important and energy-intensive municipal infrastructures.High energy consumption and relatively low operating performance are major challenges from the perspective of carbon neutrality.However,water-energy nexus analysis and models for WWTPs have rarely been reported to date.In this study,a cloud-model-based energy consumption analysis(CMECA)of a WWTP was conducted to explore the relationship between influent and energy consumption by clustering its influent’s parameters.The principal component analysis(PCA)and K-means clustering were applied to classify the influent condition using water quality and volume data.The energy consumption of the WWTP is divided into five standard evaluation levels,and its cloud digital characteristics(CDCs)were extracted according to bilateral constraints and golden ratio methods.Our results showed that the energy consumption distribution gradually dispersed and deviated from the Gaussian distribution with decreased water concentration and quantity.The days with high energy efficiency were extracted via the clustering method from the influent category of excessive energy consumption,represented by a compact-type energy consumption distribution curve to identify the influent conditions that affect the steady distribution of energy consumption.The local WWTP has high energy consumption with 0.3613 kW·h·m^(-3)despite low influent concentration and volumes,across four consumption levels from low(I)to relatively high(IV),showing an unsatisfactory operation and management level.The average oxygenation capacity,internal reflux ratio,and external reflux ratio during high energy efficiency days recognized by further clustering were obtained(0.2924-0.3703 kg O_(2)·m^(-3),1.9576-2.4787,and 0.6603-0.8361,respectively),which could be used as a guide for the days with low energy efficiency.Consequently,this study offers a water-energy nexus analysis method to identify influent conditions with operational management anomalies and can be used as an empirical reference for the optimized operation of WWTPs.

Modeling of Energy Consumption and Effluent Quality Using Density Peaks-based Adaptive Fuzzy Neural Network

Modeling of energy consumption(EC) and effluent quality(EQ) are very essential problems that need to be solved for the multiobjective optimal control in the wastewater treatment process(WWTP). To address this issue, a density peaks-based adaptive fuzzy neural network(DP-AFNN) is proposed in this study. To obtain suitable fuzzy rules, a DP-based clustering method is applied to fit the cluster centers to process nonlinearity.The parameters of the extracted fuzzy rules are fine-tuned based on the improved Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm during the training process. Furthermore, the analysis of convergence is performed to guarantee the successful application of the DPAFNN. Finally, the proposed DP-AFNN is utilized to develop the models of EC and EQ in the WWTP. The experimental results show that the proposed DP-AFNN can achieve fast convergence speed and high prediction accuracy in comparison with some existing methods.

Characteristic and correlation analysis of influent and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants in Taihu Basin

The water quality and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)in Taihu Basin were evaluated on the basis of the operation data from 204 municipal WWTPs in the basin by using various statistical methods.The influent ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and total nitrogen(TN)of WWTPs in Taihu Basin showed normal distribution,whereas chemical oxygen demand(COD),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD5),suspended solid(SS),and total phosphorus(TP)showed positively skewed distribution.The influent BOD5/COD was 0.4%-0.6%,only 39.2%SS/BOD5 exceeded the standard by 36.3%,the average BOD5/TN was 3.82,and the probability of influent BOD5/TP>20 was 82.8%.The average energy consumption of WWTPs in Taihu Basin in 2017 was 0.458 kWh/m^3.The specific energy consumption of WWTPs with a daily treatment capacity of more than 5×10^4 m^3 in Taihu Basin was stable at 0.33 kWh/m^3.A power function relationship was observed between the reduction in COD and NH3-N and the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction,and the higher the pollutant reduction is,the lower the specific energy consumption of pollutant reduction presents.In addition,a linear relationship existed between the energy consumption of WWTPs and the specific energy consumption of influent volume and pollutant reduction.Therefore,upgrading and operation with less energy consumption of WWTPs is imperative and the suggestions for Taihu WWTPs based on stringent discharge standard are proposed in detail.

智慧水厂能耗监测评价与异常诊断管理平台研究

为提升污水处理厂水处理过程的运行能效,加速推进智慧水厂向节能化、数字化方向转型,设计了一种面向污水处理厂的能耗监测评价与异常诊断管理平台。平台基于建筑信息模型和能耗管理系统,通过采集污水处理厂运行数据与气象数据等信息,建立基于机器学习算法的动态监督能耗预测模型,实现厂区运行状况实时监测与评价。运维管理人员可依据平台生成的状态评价指数,进行厂区能源结构调整与异常用能识别与诊断。最后,以实际案例数据验证了平台各功能模块的可行性与有效性。分析结果表明,平台预警模块可以监测反馈96%的异常用能情况。

数据驱动的污水处理曝气过程低碳优化控制方法

针对现有的污水处理过程存在碳排放机理不清且难以评估,无法通过有效的调控方式降低碳排放总量的问题,设计了一种数据驱动的污水处理曝气过程低碳优化控制方法。首先,通过深入分析碳排放影响因素及其与水质指标的相互关系,获得了曝气过程各水质指标和碳排放之间的关联关系;其次,采用数据驱动的方法,设计了曝气过程能耗与碳排放的优化模型,以获取曝气过程最优化的控制策略;最后,将获取的曝气过程低碳优化控制方法应用于基准仿真模型。测试结果说明该方法能够有效地跟踪控制曝气过程,降低能耗与碳排放量总量。

基于两阶段邻域搜索的污水处理过程智能优化控制

为了更好地平衡污水处理过程中出水水质与能耗的关系,本文提出一种基于两阶段邻域搜索的污水处理过程智能优化控制方法.首先,建立以能耗和出水水质为优化目标的多目标优化模型;其次,提出一种基于两阶段邻域搜索的SPEA2(2-NS-SPEA2)对所建立的模型进行优化,通过对外部档案集中稀疏解的周围进行两阶段邻域搜索,并利用替代策略对外部档案集进行更新,提高算法的优化性能,获得质量更高的硝态氮浓度和溶解氧浓度的优化设定值;最后,利用PID控制器跟踪控制所确定的优化设定值,以保证优化方法的准确实施.污水处理过程运行优化控制实验表明:所提方法能够在保证出水水质满足排放标准的前提下,有效地净化水质、降低污水处理过程中产生的能耗.

基于鱼骨图分析枯水期污水厂生产运行成本

文章以东莞市枯水期污水处理厂为研究对象,对其进水水量、水质及生产运行成本进行分析,结果表明,8家污水处理厂1月月均负荷仅为64.32%,其中,有4家负荷低于60%;进水水质可生化性良好且满足生物除磷的要求,然而,仅有1家污水处理厂进水BOD_(5)/TN>4,表明大多数污水厂面临着进水碳源不足的问题。此外,8家污水处理厂的直接吨水成本(自来水费、电费、原材料药耗和污泥处置费)较高,为0.59元/m^(3)。通过鱼骨分析法直观地展示出,导致污水处理厂1月成本增加的原因主要是电耗、碳源、除磷剂和绝干泥药耗等费用的增加。为降低枯水期污水处理厂的直接吨水成本,针对鱼骨图分析下的电耗高、水处理药剂投加量大和绝干泥药耗高等问题,在确保污水处理设施正常稳定运行的基础上,从曝气、投药量、运行工艺及设备设施等方面提出应对措施,为其他低负荷率污水厂的节能降耗提供新思路。

某地下污水厂MBR膜运行效率及工艺控制分析

近年来缺氧-厌氧-好氧+膜生物反应器(AAO+MBR)工艺在污水处理厂的应用越来越广泛,但广大专家、学者对MBR膜的运行效率、工艺控制研究较少。文中结合武汉市近年来建设的一座10万m^(3)/d规模的全地下式污水处理厂的运行经验,对AAO+MBR工艺设计概况、运行效率、工艺控制要点、运行电耗进行研究,尤其对MBR膜的处理效率进行了重点研究。结果表明,MBR膜对进膜污水中的COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN、TP均有一定的降解处理能力,除TN的去除率较低(10%~37%)外,其他污染物指标去除率均可达到40%以上。其中,氨氮、TN的降解速率影响因素与传统生化处理一致,主要为温度、碳源。研究以期为后续类似项目设计、运行管理提供参考。

基于内源性反硝化强化技术的市政污水处理厂节能降耗低碳改造研究

为协调推进减污降碳协同增效,本文以能耗、物耗偏高的某污水处理厂为例,结合工艺运行实际提出并应用了基于内源性反硝化强化技术的改造组合方案。研究表明,吨水碳源投加量、吨水电耗分别同比降低44.6%、32.3%,CO_(2)减排量可超过2540t/a,全生命周期投入产出比最大达到1:232。在保持连续运行、稳定达标的前提下,取得了显著的节能降耗低碳效果,为低碳氮比的污水处理提供了可行的绿色低碳发展路径。

Statistical regression modeling for energy consumption in wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment is one of critical issues faced by water utilities, and receives more and more attentions recently. The energy consumption modeling in biochemical wastewater treatment was investigated in the study via a general and robust approach based on Bayesian semi-parametric quantile regression. The dataset was derived from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, where the energy consumption of unit chemical oxygen demand(COD) reduction was the response variable of interest. Via the proposed approach,the comprehensive regression pictures of the energy consumption and truly influencing factors, i.e., the regression relationships at lower, median and higher energy consumption levels were characterized respectively. Meanwhile, the proposals for energy saving in different cases were also facilitated specifically. First, the lower level of energy consumption was closely associated with the temperature of influent wastewater, and the chroma-rich wastewater also showed helpful in the execution of energy saving. Second, at median energy consumption level, the COD-rich wastewater played a determinative role in the reduction of energy consumption, while the higher quality of treated water led to slightly energy intensive. Third, the higher level of energy consumption was most likely to be attributed to the relatively high temperature of wastewater and total nitrogen(TN)-rich wastewater,and both of the factors were preferably to be avoided to alleviate the burden of energy consumption. The study provided an efficient approach to controlling the energy consumption of wastewater treatment in the perspective of statistical regression modeling, and offered valuable suggestions for the future energy saving.

RTO技术在污水处理场工业应用总结

从中国石油化工股份有限公司济南分公司污水处理场废气处理装置运行状况出发,分析了污水处理场投运VOCs(挥发性有机物)废气治理设施的必要性,并对废气治理设施主要工艺原理进行了解析,介绍了蓄热式氧化(RTO)技术在该公司实际应用过程中出现的问题及相应调整措施。应用结果表明:废气中VOCs的去除率达到了设计要求,排放的尾气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于20 mg/m 3,各污染物浓度均低于国家标准限值。

低温环境下污水处理厂工艺改造及运行结果分析

冬季低温是污水处理厂稳定运行的最大挑战之一,通常会引起出水超标、污泥膨胀、处理水量不足等严重问题,污水处理厂一般采取工艺参数调整加以应对,然而实际结果表明当水温低到一定程度时常规手段仍难奏效。以陕西省某县城污水处理厂工艺改造为例,提出了通过深挖系统潜能强化脱氮除磷,同时结合芽孢杆菌优势菌种的改造思路,实现了在进水温度仅有5℃、持续时间超过40 d的极限条件下的稳定处理。实际运行结果表明,该污水处理厂在进水温度13.2℃条件下仅用12天启动调试成功,随着水温进一步降低系统保持稳定,平均出水COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TN、TP分别为:19.49、0.095、11.24和0.188 mg/L,稳定达到《陕西省黄河流域污水综合排放标准》A类;吨水处理能耗和药剂成本分别降低约12%和60%。达到了良好的处理效果,为同类型污水处理厂的提标改造提供了参考和借鉴。

城市污水处理系统运行品质提升思考与实践

在污水处理提标改造的行业趋势下,通过从政策、经济、社会、执行4个方面进行分析,提出污水处理运行品质提升的内涵为稳定高标、提质增效、绿色生态与智慧赋能。同时,为满足污水处理运行品质提升的内涵要求,可从以下4个方向重点着手:全流程的优化提标、全方位节能降耗、全链条综合利用、全环节智慧运维。

市政污水处理厂节能降耗途径分析

市政生活污水处理是高能耗行业。以长沙经济技术开发区城南污水处理厂(二期)为例,通过对污水处理厂的预处理、Carrousel氧化沟、污泥处置和管理等方面进行分析发现,该处理厂平均电耗为0.199 kW·h/m^(3),其中预处理、Carrousel氧化沟、反硝化系统、超滤系统分别占总耗电量的16.53%、44.28%、18.26%、10.93%。结合国内外先进污水处理厂能耗情况对比分析,发现市政生活污水处理厂存在较大节能降耗潜力,其主要途径包括精细化综合规划设计,开发新型节能降耗的污水处理技术和设备,研究水处理工艺过程中精准控制技术,建立节能降耗效能综合评价体系与方法等。其不仅可满足持续发展的需求,也将极大地促进污水处理行业发展。

城镇污水处理厂节能技术及对策研究

城镇污水处理是减少天然水体污染的核心环节之一,与人们的日常生活也有着非常紧密的联系。由于污水处理普遍采用了以消耗能源减少污染的处理模式,无形中提升了城镇污水处理厂日常运行能耗。文章中简单分析了城镇污水处理厂的能耗情况,并围绕现有污水处理技术的改进以及节能降耗新技术的合理应用,对城镇污水处理厂节能实现路径进行了论述,期望能够为相关人士提供一些参考。

青岛某污水处理厂微孔曝气系统更新应用实例

青岛市某污水处理厂因生物反应池曝气系统的微孔曝气器老化,导致曝气系统整体氧转移效率下降,造成污水处理厂运行单耗升高。针对该问题,开展了曝气池微孔曝气系统更新改造工程,阐述了曝气系统更新改造过程,总结了工程经验,对比了曝气系统更新改造前后的氧转移效率和系统运行能耗变化。结果表明:更换新曝气器后,试验廊道微孔曝气系统的平均氧转移率从18.41%提高到49.84%;在出水水质均达标的前提下,相比旧曝气系统,新曝气系统的气水比、单耗分别降低32.5%、31.6%,整个污水处理厂的能耗降低8.9%以上。实践表明,当曝气设备达到运行年限时,及时更换微孔曝气器,对污水处理厂的稳定运行和节能降耗有重要意义。

城市污水处理能耗能效研究进展

城市污水处理属于能量密集的综合技术 ,文章综述了国内外 30余年城市污水处理在能耗分析、能源使用的审计与管理以及节能工艺和运行方式的开发等领域的研究进展。文章认为 ,由于能耗能效研究的理论架构尚未确立 ,造成分析方法、评价手段滞后于实际应用的发展 ,因而生物热力学、化工热力学及能源工程学与污水处理领域基础学科的交叉和融合是必然趋势 ,这一趋势将促使处理工艺能耗能效研究体系化和多样化 。

我国城市污水处理厂节能降耗研究进展

随着我国污水处理能力的增加,能耗问题逐渐凸显,如何降低能耗成为污水厂面临的重要问题。综述了近10年来我国城市污水处理厂节能降耗方面的研究成果,认为一些新工艺,如同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化以及反硝化除磷等技术可节能降耗,但目前大多停留在试验阶段,离生产性大规模应用还有一段距离。城市污水处理厂实施以智能控制为关键技术的全流程节能降耗技术,在出水水质达到国家二级标准或者一级B排放标准的条件下,能耗可以降低10%以上。因此,研发和改良污水处理工艺和污水处理厂的智能控制研究同等重要。改良工艺是污水处理厂节能降耗的关键,智能控制研究则对管理和设备等提出更高要求。

基于BSM1的城市污水处理优化控制方案研究

城市污水处理过程中,降低能耗具有重要意义。基于污水处理1号基准模型(Benchmark Simulation Model No.1,BSM1),设计5组线性自抗扰控制方案,获得了针对污水处理过程的线性自抗扰控制的有效参数整定方法;同时,根据活性污泥法工艺,确定影响污水处理水质和能耗的主要因素,并分析了各种控制方案下的出水水质和能耗,获得了污水处理的优化控制方案。仿真结果表明,在保证出水水质指标的前提下,利用线性自抗扰控制方法合理控制污水处理工艺中的硝化和反硝化反应可有效降低污水处理的能耗,为工程应用提供了思路。

天津某污水处理厂的能源审计与节能潜力分析

以天津某污水处理厂的能源审计为例,通过统计核算该厂的能源消费数据和经济数据,分析了该厂的能源利用状况,讨论了其在生产和管理过程中的节能潜力,并针对性地提出了切实可行的节能建议。研究成果对促进企业经济和环境的可持续发展具有重要意义,同时也为其他污水处理厂节能工作的开展和推进提供参考。