Assessment of Fatigue Strength of An Offshore Floating Production and Storage Unit

The procedure of assessment of structural fatigue strength of an offshore floating production and storage and offloading unit (FPSO) in this paper. The emphasis is placed on the long-term prediction of wave induced loading, the refined finite element model for hot spot stress calculation, the combination of stress components, and fatigue damage assessment based on S-N curve.

Name Brand Products of Shanghai Jiahua United Company

Ruby—the country’s first seriescosmetics The Ruby Beauty Parlor andCosmetics School is the first of its kind inChina. The skin-care and make-upmethods it has applied are still popular.Among the gifts presented to queenElizabeth Ⅱ of Britain, British PrimeMinister Mrs. Thatcher and RussianPresident Gorbachev by the Chinesegovernment, there was Ruby. According to market surveys andthe conclusions of beauty culture, workingwomen in modern society with their fastrhythm of life and exquisite tastes arefastidious in selecting cosmetics. To meettheir special needs, Ruby’s white

Assessment of Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Food Handlers in Attieke Production Units in Relation to Food Hygiene and Safety in Cote d’Ivoire in 2012

The aims of this study were to investigate the food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers and to assess the sanitary conditions of attieke production units in the South of C?te d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 4 months in 2012 in 7 localities and data were collected using questionnaire and observation checklist and microbiological analysis of hands. A total of 775 attieke production units were involved in this survey. Seventy-one percent (71%) were located on public domains and only 70 production units (9%) used septic tank as a mean of final deposal for liquid waste. Hygiene conditions and practices of food handlers in attieke production units were inadequate. The presence of specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, Citrobacter youngae, Klebsiella oxytoca and Citrobacter freundi was indicative of a degree of ignorance on the part of food handlers towards proper hygienic practices.

Performance Evaluation for Gas Production Units Based on ANP

In view of the existing situation of gas field development, one kind of method to evaluate the production performance of gas production units (GPUs) was presented in this paper. Among the commonly used indicators of gas field development, we select 11 indicators from the three aspects of production task, gas reservoir management, and production technology. According to the principle of analytic network process (ANP), this paper introduced one kind of new method to get the weights of indicators. By means of the method of TOPSIS, it is easy to obtain the rankings for all the GPUs through calculating the weighted Euclidean distance between each GPU and the positive or negative ideal point. This evaluation method could constantly improve the management level of gas production units and deepen the delicacy management of gas field development.

TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF PRODUCT EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN BASED ON CONFIGURATION IN MASS CUSTOMIZATION MODE

Product customization has been recognized as an effective means to implement mass cus-tomization （MC）. A new theory and method for MC-oriented evolutionary design of configuration product is presented based on the study of developing law of evolutionary design in integrated envi-ronment, which focuses on the innovation and reuse properties of configuration product. The key technologies for general requirement modeling in quick response to customer requirement, multi-level stepwise configuration optimization driven by customer requirement and evolutionary deduction of product variable structure based on configuration association are thoroughly investigated. The suc-cessful application of the presented method in the development of real-life products demonstrates its utility, flexibility and robusticity.

Investigation of Internal Turret Mooring System for Oil Production Storage Vessels

The internal turret mooring system for oil production storage vessels is a developing type ofoffshore floating production system suitable for deep water and harsh environmental application. In this paper, some achievements in our research work are presented. The description includes: dynamic analysis of mooring system, research on performance of turret assembly, influence of vessel dimensions and hull forms on mooring performance, model tests under combined action of environmental forces in basin, and hull structural strength analysis.

Flush by Unit在哥伦比亚Capella油田的应用

Capella油田是哥伦比亚南部重要的稠油油田,目前处于开发生产阶段,为了油田的稳产增产,需频繁对油井进行干预。Flush by Unit具有操作简单、移动高效、作业时间缩短、安全事故少等优点,作为试点引入了Flush by Unit为该油田的浅井提供修井服务,以降低桶油成本。本文介绍了Flush by Unit的结构组成、使用范围、现场使用效果,与传统修井机相比,可以大幅降低作业时间和成本,为后续规模使用Flush by Unit进行常规修井提供了依据,也为油田的增产稳产带来了机遇。

基于虚拟技术的复合型人才培养体系建设——以化工单元及流程仿真实习为例

针对现有化学化工人才培养体系的不足,基于虚拟仿真技术,本着“虚实结合、相互补充、能实不虚”原则,构建“开放式”和“一站式”的“专业教学–科学研究–就业实践”三层次实验实习实践平台,打造理论知识与实践相结合的虚拟资源,提升仿真实习教学效果,提高综合实践能力,培养化学化工复合型应用人才。

Research on Digital Models for Product Design and Manufacture

CAD/CAM integrate technology has been drawn to much a ttention and becomes one of the focus of the international academic and commerci al research, Through efforts nearly 10 years, remarkable progress has been made in the 3-dimension feature parametric modeling. UG, SOLIDWORK and MDT apply the se technology with respective features. However, no distinct development has bee n made in the digital models from geometric feature to manufacture feature. Prod uct information expression and the basic model frame of data exchange have been proposed based on STEP standards, but it is quite difficult to some extent ensur e the operability, due to the complexity in application. The models addressed in this paper divide the shared digital models (not data models) for product desig n and manufacture into five parts: ①Digital product 3D molding design; ②Digit al product technology process design; ③Digital product assembly design; ④Digit al product manufacture process design; ⑤Digital product management design. The resource model should not be included. And It should be a peripheral model i n product design; which is the innovative viewpoint of this paper. The core of above-mentioned five models is to access the digital model from the solid unit feature. Product definition should be determined on the basis of solid unit, and solid unit should follow the rules of "generation of machining processing", Therefore, the author also proposed the Constructing Cutting Geomet ry Method (CCG) in IMCC’2000. In this way, the integration of "forming - processing - assembling - machining - management" can be obtained. This is th e core originality of the paper.

Report on a breeding objective that may reduce the carbon footprint of extensive cow-calf production systems

Most measurements for beef improvement in South Africa are per individual (weaning weight, calving interval, growth rate, etc.). A measurement that expresses performance per constant unit, e.g. kilogram calf weaned per Large Stock Unit (LSU) can eventually be translated to kilogram calf produced per kg CO2 equivalent. A LSU is defined as a bovine requiring 75 MJ Metabolisable Energy (ME) per day. If more kilogram weaner calf can be produced per LSU (KgC/LSU), the carbon footprint of beef can be reduced. This study used breed average values to investigate the KgC/LSU for the 30 beef and dual purpose breeds in South Africa. The breeds were categorized in the following breed types: Sanga (indigenous to South Africa) Sanga derived, Zebu, Zebu derived, British and European. No relationship was found between cow weights and KgC/LSU, indicating that it is independent of cow weight between breeds. However, when the data is summarized into breed types, the Sanga and European breed types produce the least KgC/ LSU and Sanga derived breed types the most. This high value of the Sanga derived breeds is probably due to retained heterosis. Composite breeds are mostly intermediate to parental breeds for individual traits but superior for composite traits and KgC/LSU is a composite trait. These calculations were only done on breed averages. A genetic analysis on a breed level to estimate genetic parameters for this trait, and its genetic correlations with other traits now needs to be done before a decision can be taken whether selection for KgC/LSU will be feasible. The ultimate aim with a trait like this is to reduce the carbon footprint of weaner calf production since more kilogram calf will be produced per LSU (constant feed unit).

Optimizing Factory Performance for Unit Cost in Semiconductor Manufacturing

The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process is capital intensive and complex. The production process of unit product (or die, as it is commonly referred to) takes several weeks. Semiconductor factories (fabs) continuously attempt to improve their productivity, as measured in output and cycle time (or mean flow time). The conflicting objective of producing maximum units at minimal production cycle time and at the highest quality, as measured by die yield, is discussed in this paper. The inter-related effects are characterized, and a model is proposed to address this multi-objective function. We then show that, with this model, die cost can be optimized for any given operating conditions of a fab. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the practicality of the model and the proposed optimization method.

考虑太阳能辅助碳捕集技术的综合能源生产单元随机低碳调度策略

为解决综合能源生产单元(integrated energy production unit,IEPU)中燃煤机组碳捕集过程的高能耗问题,同时应对新能源不确定性对运行调度带来的挑战,该文提出一种考虑太阳能辅助碳捕集技术的IEPU随机低碳调度策略,旨在实现IEPU的多能协同与低碳运行。首先,对含太阳能辅助碳捕集热电联产单元(combined heat and power based on solar-assisted carbon capture,CHP-SACC)的能量流动与运行机理进行分析,并构建其运行模型;其次,考虑风电不确定性带来的影响,提出一种基于条件最小二乘生成对抗网络(conditional-least squares generative adversarial networks,C-LSGANs)的可再生能源场景生成方法来提高场景的生成质量;然后,考虑异质能流耦合约束、多元设备运行约束以及能量平衡约束等,以最大化系统运行收益期望为目标构建IEPU随机低碳调度模型;最后,在算例仿真中设置不同的运行策略验证所提低碳转型方案的有效性,并分析了能源价格、设备容量等因素对系统运行收益的影响。

二次再热燃煤-捕碳-制甲醇系统集成设计与优化

针对碳捕集电厂的高能耗及CO_(2)的后续利用问题,设计了一种二次再热燃煤-捕碳-制甲醇一体化系统。以某1000 MW超超临界二次再热机组为例,采用动态自适应粒子群优化算法对所提系统参数进行优化计算,分析了碳捕集率和光电制氢成本等因素对系统性能的影响。结果表明:当碳捕集率为90%时,一体化系统的热效率相比燃煤-捕碳机组提高了6.62%,CO_(2)排放强度降低了4.45 g/(kW·h),净收益提高了33.42亿元;当碳捕集率在40%~90%内变化时,一体化系统的热效率能够稳定保持在49%以上;随着未来光电制氢成本的下降,一体化系统的净收益将显著提升。

美国阿拉斯加长期陆域天然气水合物试采进展及对我国的启示

随着天然气水合物勘查试采工作的不断深入,世界主要国家以实现水合物产业化开发为目标的科学理论研究和技术装备研发面临发展瓶颈,目前仅中国、日本、美国等几个国家仍在积极推进旨在突破上述发展瓶颈的长期水合物试采工作.日美两国自2014年就阿拉斯加长期陆域试采项目达成合作意向以来,基本完成了产气试验前的准备工作.本文在梳理总结已开展的中短期水合物试采项目及长期试采必要性的基础上,重点介绍了项目团队对试采场地的选择、地层测试井的钻探以及基于数据采集的目标储层表征,认为我国在缺少可供长期陆域试采的合适区域的情况下,可加强与俄罗斯在水合物勘查开发相关领域(尤其是长期陆域试采)的深入交流与合作.尽管我国的水合物试采工作在产气时长、日最高产气量和累计产气量等方面处于领先,但应针对钻井、完井、人工举升、地质力学、出砂、防砂等领域加强科学理论研究和关键技术攻关.

Development unit division and favorable area evaluation for joint mining coalbed methane

Based on the productivity equation of coalbed methane (CBM) well, considering the impact of coal reservoir reformability on gas well productivity, the main production layer optimization index in the “three-step method” of optimal combination of production layers is corrected, and then the CBM production layer potential index is introduced to evaluate favorable areas for commingled multi-coal seam production. Through analysis of the key parameters of coal reservoirs affecting the CBM productivity index, a development unit division method for areas with multi-coal seams is established, and a quantitative grading index system is proposed. On this basis, the evaluation process of CBM development favorable area is developed: the mature 3-D modeling technology is used to characterize the reservoir physical properties of multi-coal seams in full-scale;the production layer potential index of each grid is calculated, and the production layer potential index contour under single-layer or commingled multi-layer production are plotted;according to the distribution of the contour of production layer potential index, the quantitative index of CBM development unit is adopted to outline the grade I, II, III coal reservoir distribution areas, and thus to pick out the favorable development areas. The practical application in the Yuwang block of Laochang in Yunnan proved that the favorable area evaluation process proposed can effectively overcome the defects of selecting favorable development areas only relying on evaluation results of a major coal seam pay, and enhance the accuracy of the evaluation results, meeting the requirements of selecting favorable areas for multi-coal seam commingled CBM production.

聚酮化合物非天然延伸单元的生物合成与结构改造应用

聚酮天然产物包括10000多种具有广泛生物活性的分子,是获批临床药物中最著名的类别之一。已知活性先导化合物通常需要经过结构修饰改良其吸收、分布、代谢和排泄等特性,从而促进成药开发,但针对聚酮化合物的结构修饰极具挑战,需要应对聚酮骨架中大量的立体中心以及多个惰性碳原子,导致化学合成手段难以对聚酮骨架进行精准和高效的衍生化,因此,通过合成生物学方法实现其结构优化就成为了研究者们关注的热点。自然界中,绝大多数聚酮化合物主要由简单的乙酸盐和丙酸盐结构单元通过聚酮合酶组装而成,而少数存在的具有特殊结构单元的聚酮案例给了研究者以灵感——通过设置和引入非天然结构单元从而有选择性地高效改造聚酮结构。聚酮骨架的生物合成有赖于一个起始单元与多个延伸单元的组装,因此,通过人工设计延伸单元向聚酮引入预期结构被认为是精准高效改造聚酮的有力突破点。本文在此总结了近十年来报道的聚酮非天然延伸单元的三种重要的酶促合成方法,通过挖掘新颖的延伸单元合成酶并探索其底物宽泛性,或利用酶工程手段改造延伸单元合成酶的底物催化范围,获得了大量自然界不存在的延伸单元。此外,本文还归纳了利用非天然延伸单元对聚酮结构进行改造的案例,借助聚酮的天然合成途径或利用改造的合成途径达到预期目的。最后,作者讨论了该研究领域内存在的一些制约因素以及可优化的研究方向,包括聚酮合酶对非天然延伸单元的兼容性问题、非天然延伸单元的前体供给等。近年来,利用非天然延伸单元改造聚酮结构的研究兴趣和热度日益高涨,本文绘制了一份基于延伸单元改造聚酮结构研究的简明清晰的图谱,期望为加速聚酮类药物的高效开发打下坚实基础。

Models for Ordering Multiple Products Subject to Multiple Constraints, Quantity and Freight Discounts

One of the most important responsibilities of a supply chain manager is to decide “how much” (or “many”) of inventory items to order and how to transport them. This paper presents four mixed-integer linear programming models to help supply chain managers make these decisions for multiple products subject to multiple constraints when suppliers offer quantity discounts and shippers offer freight discounts. Each model deals with one of the possible combinations of all-units, incremental quantity discounts, all-weight and incremental freight discounts. The models are based on a piecewise linear approximation of the number of orders function. They allow any number of linear constraints and determine if independent or common (fixed) cycle ordering has a lower total cost. Results of computational experiments on an example problem are also presented.

新型区域电力系统电源规划和时序生产模拟

以新能源为主体的新型区域电力系统电源规划和时序生产模拟面临较大困难,针对于此,设计了区域电力系统机组检修计划与机组组合的双层耦合框架,提出了中等规模机组集群方法,可使机组检修与机组组合优化直接耦合。还提出了新型区域电力系统检修优化模型,以系统空闲容量最小为目标函数,考虑系统电力平衡、调峰容量平衡等约束条件,检修计划有利于促进新能源消纳。在机组组合优化模型中,以系统运行成本最小为目标函数,对中等规模火电机组集群进一步采用机组集群求解方法,较准确计算火电运行及机组启停煤耗。在区域电力系统时序生产模拟中,上述方法计算结果明显优于启发式方法,可对各类电源间出力协调平衡进行全局寻优。

多源地理产品数据的元数据统一设计与采集管理技术

面向多源地理产品数据管理应用的需求,明确了本文讨论的地理产品数据的范畴,分析了地理产品数据的存储组织及应用特点。基于存储组织需求,统一设计了数据大类小类两级分类目录及类别编码,设计了地理数据产品的元数据采集规范。提出了数据集-数据单元两级元数据的设计理念以便满足不同数据粒度的管理需求,分别设计了数据集元数据和数据单元元数据的详细组成,统一设计了空间地理产品数据与非空间地理产品数据的元数据,明确了数据集目录和数据单元的命名原则。设计并实现了能够自动采集多源地理产品元数据的软件,实现了基于统一元数据设计的数据管理软件。结果表明,这种方法能够满足用户对多源地理产品数据的统一存储组织、多粒度管理、高效便捷检索等需求。

上海市74所医疗机构ICU手卫生用品消耗量及依从性相关分析

目的 了解上海市二级及以上医疗机构重症监护病房(ICU)手卫生用品消耗量与依从性,为进一步开展医务人员手卫生监测工作提供依据。方法 通过医院感染监测系统,对2017—2021年上海市二级及以上医疗机构ICU手卫生用品消耗量及依从性监测结果进行分析。结果 共纳入74所医疗机构105个ICU,手卫生用品平均消耗量为79.24(44.88~258.63)mL/(床·日),不同类型ICU手卫生用品平均消耗量比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);手卫生用品平均消耗量从2017年的65.75 mL/(床·日)增至2021年的87.55 mL/(床·日),呈逐年增加趋势(P<0.001)。医务人员手卫生依从率为82.13%,护士手卫生依从率最高(86.59%),医技最低(48.90%),不同职业医务人员手卫生依从率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。手卫生实施的方式中,采取流动水洗手占39.86%,速干手消毒剂擦手占42.27%,未采取手卫生措施占13.22%,戴手套未采取手卫生措施占4.65%,不同ICU医务人员手卫生实施方式比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。手卫生用品平均每床日消耗量与医务人员手卫生依从率存在正相关关系(r=0.703,P<0.05)。结论 上海市ICU手卫生用品平均每床日消耗量与医务人员手卫生依从率均逐年增加,不同类型ICU手卫生用品平均每床日消耗量和手卫生依从率存在差异,可通过连续监测手卫生用品平均每床日消耗量评估手卫生执行情况。