Once operating trains are disabled on the railway lines,an efficient manner is to utilize the train for train rescue.Owning to the different train and coupler types,it is difficult to formulate uniform regulations for...Once operating trains are disabled on the railway lines,an efficient manner is to utilize the train for train rescue.Owning to the different train and coupler types,it is difficult to formulate uniform regulations for train to train rescue.In this paper,the longitudinal train dynamics of electric multiple units under rescue were analyzed by field and laboratory tests.The angling behavior of the brakinginduced coupler under compressed in-train forces was analyzed.A dynamic model for the train and draft gear system was developed considering accurate boundary limitations and braking characteristics.The safety indices and their limits for the coupled rescue train were defined.Thedynamic evaluations of different train to train rescue scenarios were analyzed.It is indicated that the coupler vertical rotation occurs during the emergency braking applied by the assisting train.The vertical force components of intrain forces lead to the carbody pitch behavior and even cause local destructions to the coupler system.The carbody pitch motion can arise the inference of in-train devices.Based on the safety evaluation of train and coupler system,the regulations for typical train to train rescue scenarios were formulated.展开更多
BACKGROUND: We compare educational environments(i.e. physical, emotional and intellectual experiences) of emergency medicine(EM) residents training in the United States of America(USA) and Saudi Arabia(SA).METHODS: A ...BACKGROUND: We compare educational environments(i.e. physical, emotional and intellectual experiences) of emergency medicine(EM) residents training in the United States of America(USA) and Saudi Arabia(SA).METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using an adapted version of the validated Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure(PHEEM) survey instrument from April 2015 through June 2016 to compare educational environments in all emergency medicine residency programs in SA and three selected programs in the USA with a history of training Saudi physicians. Overall scores were compared across programs, and for subscales(autonomy, teaching, and social Support), using chi-squared, t-tests, and analysis of variance.RESULTS: A total of 219 surveys were returned for 260 residents across six programs(3 SA, 3 USA), with a response rate of 84%. Program-specific response rates varied from 79%–100%. All six residencies were qualitatively rated as "more positive than negative but room for improvement". Quantitative PHEEM scores for the USA programs were significantly higher: 118.7 compared to 109.9 for SA, P=0.001. In subscales, perceptions of social support were not different between the two countries(P=0.243); however, role autonomy(P<0.001) and teaching(P=0.005) were better in USA programs. There were no significant differences by post-graduate training year.CONCLUSION: EM residents in all three emergency medicine residency programs in SA and the three USA programs studied perceive their training as high quality in general, but with room for improvements. USA residency programs scored higher in overall quality. This was driven by more favorable perceptions of role autonomy and teaching. Understanding how residents perceive their programs may help drive targeted quality improvement efforts.展开更多
The specialty of cardiovascular surgical nursing has advanced patient care significantly both before and after surgery, and it is now a well-established field. The primary goal of cardiovascular surgical nursing is to...The specialty of cardiovascular surgical nursing has advanced patient care significantly both before and after surgery, and it is now a well-established field. The primary goal of cardiovascular surgical nursing is to optimize the patient's recovery and prevent complications. Immediate nursing care for post-operative cardiac patients in a state of controlled shock due to fluid shift and varying vascular tone. Aim of the Study: Assessment of nurse’s knowledge and performance after the training program of nursing care immediately after a patient arrives from cardiac surgery. Methods: This pre and post-intervention study was conducted at cardiac centers in Sudan Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Center. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on nurses’ performance after training program post open-heart surgery. In the initial phase of the study, all 98 nurses working in the intensive care units at Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim cardiac centers were designated as the study group and evaluated before the intervention. Subsequently, the same group was reassessed after the intervention (phase 2), allowing for a comparison of the pre- and post-intervention results. The assessment involved the use of a specifically designed questionnaire and an observation checklist developed in accordance with the standards recommended by the American Nurses Association (phase 3). Result: Descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, the difference in the performance between the study group before intervention and after the intervention was assessed by the mean of chi-square significantly was taken as p < 0.05.展开更多
目的·探究“行为干预研究单位孤独症网络家长培训”[the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention(RUBI)Autism Network Parent Training,RUBI-PT]方案的中国本土化改编并对其适应性进行调查。方法·按照文化改编的4个步骤...目的·探究“行为干预研究单位孤独症网络家长培训”[the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention(RUBI)Autism Network Parent Training,RUBI-PT]方案的中国本土化改编并对其适应性进行调查。方法·按照文化改编的4个步骤对RUBI-PT方案进行改编,包括信息收集、初步改编设计、初步改编测试、进一步调整。信息收集阶段邀请了6位儿科专家和2位心理治疗师进行6次焦点小组访谈,并根据专家意见从语言、治疗形式、治疗设置等方面对RUBI-PT方案进行初步改编;初步改编测试阶段招募了16位孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿的家长,分2批参加线上RUBI-PT,结束后收集项目反馈问卷并行适应性调查分析,最后根据测试结果进行方案的进一步调整。结果·RUBI-PT的初步改编方案由个体培训调整为团体培训,包含8次核心技能课程,采用线上会议形式实施。初步测试结果显示,家长对于上课进度、上课过程、课后作业完成情况、作业点评情况的满意度分别为90%、80%、100%和100%;课程难度方面,第7次课(功能性沟通训练)和第8次课(教授技能)的难度最大。依据上述调查结果和专家小组意见完成进一步调整,最终形成本土化RUBI-PT的改编方案。结论·经过改编和适应性调查,形成了适用于中国ASD儿童家庭的家长行为训练策略即RUBI-PT。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [No.U1334206]the National Key R&D Program of China [No.2016YFB1200500]
文摘Once operating trains are disabled on the railway lines,an efficient manner is to utilize the train for train rescue.Owning to the different train and coupler types,it is difficult to formulate uniform regulations for train to train rescue.In this paper,the longitudinal train dynamics of electric multiple units under rescue were analyzed by field and laboratory tests.The angling behavior of the brakinginduced coupler under compressed in-train forces was analyzed.A dynamic model for the train and draft gear system was developed considering accurate boundary limitations and braking characteristics.The safety indices and their limits for the coupled rescue train were defined.Thedynamic evaluations of different train to train rescue scenarios were analyzed.It is indicated that the coupler vertical rotation occurs during the emergency braking applied by the assisting train.The vertical force components of intrain forces lead to the carbody pitch behavior and even cause local destructions to the coupler system.The carbody pitch motion can arise the inference of in-train devices.Based on the safety evaluation of train and coupler system,the regulations for typical train to train rescue scenarios were formulated.
文摘BACKGROUND: We compare educational environments(i.e. physical, emotional and intellectual experiences) of emergency medicine(EM) residents training in the United States of America(USA) and Saudi Arabia(SA).METHODS: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted using an adapted version of the validated Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure(PHEEM) survey instrument from April 2015 through June 2016 to compare educational environments in all emergency medicine residency programs in SA and three selected programs in the USA with a history of training Saudi physicians. Overall scores were compared across programs, and for subscales(autonomy, teaching, and social Support), using chi-squared, t-tests, and analysis of variance.RESULTS: A total of 219 surveys were returned for 260 residents across six programs(3 SA, 3 USA), with a response rate of 84%. Program-specific response rates varied from 79%–100%. All six residencies were qualitatively rated as "more positive than negative but room for improvement". Quantitative PHEEM scores for the USA programs were significantly higher: 118.7 compared to 109.9 for SA, P=0.001. In subscales, perceptions of social support were not different between the two countries(P=0.243); however, role autonomy(P<0.001) and teaching(P=0.005) were better in USA programs. There were no significant differences by post-graduate training year.CONCLUSION: EM residents in all three emergency medicine residency programs in SA and the three USA programs studied perceive their training as high quality in general, but with room for improvements. USA residency programs scored higher in overall quality. This was driven by more favorable perceptions of role autonomy and teaching. Understanding how residents perceive their programs may help drive targeted quality improvement efforts.
文摘The specialty of cardiovascular surgical nursing has advanced patient care significantly both before and after surgery, and it is now a well-established field. The primary goal of cardiovascular surgical nursing is to optimize the patient's recovery and prevent complications. Immediate nursing care for post-operative cardiac patients in a state of controlled shock due to fluid shift and varying vascular tone. Aim of the Study: Assessment of nurse’s knowledge and performance after the training program of nursing care immediately after a patient arrives from cardiac surgery. Methods: This pre and post-intervention study was conducted at cardiac centers in Sudan Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Center. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on nurses’ performance after training program post open-heart surgery. In the initial phase of the study, all 98 nurses working in the intensive care units at Alshaab and Ahmed Gasim cardiac centers were designated as the study group and evaluated before the intervention. Subsequently, the same group was reassessed after the intervention (phase 2), allowing for a comparison of the pre- and post-intervention results. The assessment involved the use of a specifically designed questionnaire and an observation checklist developed in accordance with the standards recommended by the American Nurses Association (phase 3). Result: Descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, the difference in the performance between the study group before intervention and after the intervention was assessed by the mean of chi-square significantly was taken as p < 0.05.
文摘目的·探究“行为干预研究单位孤独症网络家长培训”[the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention(RUBI)Autism Network Parent Training,RUBI-PT]方案的中国本土化改编并对其适应性进行调查。方法·按照文化改编的4个步骤对RUBI-PT方案进行改编,包括信息收集、初步改编设计、初步改编测试、进一步调整。信息收集阶段邀请了6位儿科专家和2位心理治疗师进行6次焦点小组访谈,并根据专家意见从语言、治疗形式、治疗设置等方面对RUBI-PT方案进行初步改编;初步改编测试阶段招募了16位孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)患儿的家长,分2批参加线上RUBI-PT,结束后收集项目反馈问卷并行适应性调查分析,最后根据测试结果进行方案的进一步调整。结果·RUBI-PT的初步改编方案由个体培训调整为团体培训,包含8次核心技能课程,采用线上会议形式实施。初步测试结果显示,家长对于上课进度、上课过程、课后作业完成情况、作业点评情况的满意度分别为90%、80%、100%和100%;课程难度方面,第7次课(功能性沟通训练)和第8次课(教授技能)的难度最大。依据上述调查结果和专家小组意见完成进一步调整,最终形成本土化RUBI-PT的改编方案。结论·经过改编和适应性调查,形成了适用于中国ASD儿童家庭的家长行为训练策略即RUBI-PT。
