Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed ...Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed 290 university students in order to establish their current smoking habits, along with their family relationships from primary and junior high school until now. The results showed that students with one or more smokers in their family were clearly more likely to smoke. Furthermore, a poor relationship between the student’s parents and a poor relationship with his/her father are believed to have a causal relationship with the student smoking. In the section in which students were asked how often they were told to study, we found that students who smoked had been instructed to study a significantly higher number of times. It is believed that the stress experienced by students frequently told that they must study during their elementary or junior high school years leads to a tendency to smoke. Among the group of non-smokers, we found many who ate breakfast with their parents during elementary or junior high school, along with many who regularly went on holidays with their families. The lack of these things appears to distance parents from children and may be a factor regarding why children end up smoking. In this study, while no clear correlation was found between family relationships and smoking, several types of family relationships that may lead to smoking were suggested.展开更多
Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visib...Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.展开更多
Considering that communication is an extremely important element in modem university education, it is of utmost importance to know how successful student-teacher communication can be achieved. In an attempt to explain...Considering that communication is an extremely important element in modem university education, it is of utmost importance to know how successful student-teacher communication can be achieved. In an attempt to explain it, this paper gives a definition of educational communication focusing on key aspects of student-teacher relationship and development of skills necessary for complete and independent communication. Student-teacher relationship is mostly determined by the first contact, as explained in Heider＇s attribution theory, because assigning attributes to other people and trying to understand their behavior is essential part of human nature. Through the example of pedagogical workshops, the paper demonstrates the importance of the interactive learning at university level, which leads towards establishing effective communication between teachers and students.Considering that communication is an extremely important element in modem university education, it is of utmost importance to know how successful student-teacher communication can be achieved. In an attempt to explain it, this paper gives a definition of educational communication focusing on key aspects of student-teacher relationship and development of skills necessary for complete and independent communication. Student-teacher relationship is mostly determined by the first contact, as explained in Heider＇s attribution theory, because assigning attributes to other people and trying to understand their behavior is essential part of human nature. Through the example of pedagogical workshops, the paper demonstrates the importance of the interactive learning at university level, which leads towards estabhshmg effective communication between teachers and students.展开更多
文摘Smoking habits are thought to be strongly impacted by family relationships. In this study, we looked specifically at family relationships with the aim of finding effective anti-smoking education measures. We surveyed 290 university students in order to establish their current smoking habits, along with their family relationships from primary and junior high school until now. The results showed that students with one or more smokers in their family were clearly more likely to smoke. Furthermore, a poor relationship between the student’s parents and a poor relationship with his/her father are believed to have a causal relationship with the student smoking. In the section in which students were asked how often they were told to study, we found that students who smoked had been instructed to study a significantly higher number of times. It is believed that the stress experienced by students frequently told that they must study during their elementary or junior high school years leads to a tendency to smoke. Among the group of non-smokers, we found many who ate breakfast with their parents during elementary or junior high school, along with many who regularly went on holidays with their families. The lack of these things appears to distance parents from children and may be a factor regarding why children end up smoking. In this study, while no clear correlation was found between family relationships and smoking, several types of family relationships that may lead to smoking were suggested.
基金part of the project Public Goods and the University-Industry Relationships in Agricultural Biotechnology funded by the Cooperative States Research,Education,and Extension Service of USDA under IFAFS Agreement 2001-52100-11217. Any opinions,findings,conclusions,or recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
文摘Partnerships between U.S. universities and industries have existed for several decades and in recent years have become generally more varied, wider in scope, more aggressive and experimental and higher in public visibility. In addition, in the last few decades, public and private interests have advocated for government policies and laws to globally promote the commercialization of university science. This paper examines the persistence or convergence of the two cultures of science and the implications of this commercialization for university-industry relationships in agriculture biotechnology. The perceptions and values of over 200 U.S. university and industry scientists, managers and administrators who participate in or oversee research collaborations in agricultural biotechnology were analyzed. The findings revealed that the participants in these research relationships continue to perceive very distinct cultures of science and identify a wide range of concerns and disadvantages of these partnerships. Several actions were discussed to ensure that the two cultures serve complementary roles and that they maximize the public benefits from these increasing collaborations.
文摘Considering that communication is an extremely important element in modem university education, it is of utmost importance to know how successful student-teacher communication can be achieved. In an attempt to explain it, this paper gives a definition of educational communication focusing on key aspects of student-teacher relationship and development of skills necessary for complete and independent communication. Student-teacher relationship is mostly determined by the first contact, as explained in Heider＇s attribution theory, because assigning attributes to other people and trying to understand their behavior is essential part of human nature. Through the example of pedagogical workshops, the paper demonstrates the importance of the interactive learning at university level, which leads towards establishing effective communication between teachers and students.Considering that communication is an extremely important element in modem university education, it is of utmost importance to know how successful student-teacher communication can be achieved. In an attempt to explain it, this paper gives a definition of educational communication focusing on key aspects of student-teacher relationship and development of skills necessary for complete and independent communication. Student-teacher relationship is mostly determined by the first contact, as explained in Heider＇s attribution theory, because assigning attributes to other people and trying to understand their behavior is essential part of human nature. Through the example of pedagogical workshops, the paper demonstrates the importance of the interactive learning at university level, which leads towards estabhshmg effective communication between teachers and students.
