Based on several bibliographic advertisements carried in newspapers and magazines from 1919 to 1922 for books published by Peking University Publishing Department,and issued by Yadong Library,the paper analyzes the ch...Based on several bibliographic advertisements carried in newspapers and magazines from 1919 to 1922 for books published by Peking University Publishing Department,and issued by Yadong Library,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department during this period,and points out that Yadong Library entered its golden period of development due to move from the alley to the main road and obtain the management rights of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department.展开更多
Chongqing University is located inChongqing City,Sichuan Province.Foundedoriginally in 1929,the university has sincethen greatly expanded in its scope ofeducation and organization.Now it becomesone of China’s key uni...Chongqing University is located inChongqing City,Sichuan Province.Foundedoriginally in 1929,the university has sincethen greatly expanded in its scope ofeducation and organization.Now it becomesone of China’s key universities of scienceand engineering with 18 departments and38 specialities.In addition it has 20 researchinstitutes and about one hundred laboratories.The department of metallurgy and ma-terials engineering of Chongqing University展开更多
Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The obje...Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The objective of this study was determining the quality of the structural elements of the department of Communicable Diseases & determining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the quality of activities in the department under research. Materials and Methods: The employed method was Mixed methods (qualitative & quantitative research), on the basis of 10 procedural steps and within 8 sections dealing with evaluated factors;such as 1) organizational and management structure 2) scientific board members 3) students 4) Manpower 5) Space of educational research and health care 6) Equipment 7) curriculum 8) satisfaction of graduates, which were studied using 61 criteria and 172 indicators. Five-point Likert Scale was used for the responses in the questionnaire (1 - 1.75 = undesirable, to 4.2 - 5 completely desirable). Finally the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and the assessment software of the Educational Development Center of TUMS. The instruments used in this method included assessment software, interview, observation and self-prepared questionnaire which consisted of 7 questionnaires and 2 check lists. Finding: The results of the research showed that general average of 8 investigating sections was 56.9% as a rather desirable research work. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that function of the educational management in that group was directly in line with evaluation process, but continuing the process of evaluation seems necessary.展开更多
Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to deter...Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of this prescription. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020. The records of patients who received probabilistic antibiotic therapy were included. Results: During the study period, 330 patients had received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority of patients were male (53%), with a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age of the patients was 33 years ± 14. The age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented (42%). Fifteen percent (15%) of patients were living with HIV. The majority of patients were from urban areas (56.4%). Forty-nine percent (49%) of the patients worked in the informal sector. Clinically, the reasons for consultation were dominated by fever, alteration of general condition, neurological disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory signs, urinary signs and diffuse pain. The physical examination showed that 48.1% of the patients had meningeal irritation syndrome, 10% had convulsions and 10% had focal signs, trismus was present in 4% of the patients and facial paralysis in 3%. In the digestive system, hepatomegaly was present in 29% of patients and digestive candidiasis in 31%. Respiratory examination showed crepitus and fluid effusion syndrome in 26.83% and 20.62% of patients respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was dominated by bacterial meningitis, salmonellosis and bronchopneumonia with banal germs. In terms of treatment, the beta-lactam family of drugs was the most prescribed. They were followed by aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The evolution was marked by the death of 50 patients (15%). Conclusion: The most prescribed molecules belong to the family of Beta-lactam. And this prescription improved the outcome of patients. Bacterial susceptibility studies will allow better orientation of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in order to limit the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.展开更多
Today,in the 1920s of the 21st century,financial media has spread all over people’s daily life,profoundly changing people’s lifestyle and behavior habits.As one of the organizations of news communication institution...Today,in the 1920s of the 21st century,financial media has spread all over people’s daily life,profoundly changing people’s lifestyle and behavior habits.As one of the organizations of news communication institutions,the Propaganda department of colleges and universities is also facing the challenge of readjusting the development path.展开更多
In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in it...In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in its own right,boundaries necessarily arose between it and other disciplines,in a way that is now often detrimental to progress.Therefore,it is necessary to reinvigorate the relationship between computer science and other academic disciplines and celebrate exploration and creativity in research.To do this,the structures of the academic department have to act as supporting scaffolding rather than barriers.Some examples are given that show the efforts being made at the University of Cambridge to approach this problem.展开更多
The productivity of medical staff within a polyclinic is not an easy task due to the multiple activities that physicians must perform at the same time: not only healthcare for patients, but also academic activities, s...The productivity of medical staff within a polyclinic is not an easy task due to the multiple activities that physicians must perform at the same time: not only healthcare for patients, but also academic activities, such as scientific research and teaching. Hybrid professionals are healthcare professionals who have to play multiple roles, often not precisely identified. This analysis examines the case study of the University Polyclinic of Messina (Italy) where three university departments and 7 Dipartimenti di Attività Integrate (DAI) are distinguished and physicians (both professors and researchers) are called to reconcile multiple tasks. Given the distinction between university departments and DAIs, the aim of this contribution is to identify the organizational elements that prove to be predictors of scientific efficiency and productivity. To what extent does the inclusion in a DAI or within a university department affect individual incentives? A new dataset is built for the present research containing information on University Polyclinic of Messina physicians (full professors, associate professors, researchers). From the Scopus online database (<a href="https://www.scopus.com/home.uri">https://www.scopus.com/home.uri</a>) individual information relating to the number of publications, the number of citations, h-index was obtained. The latter is used to assess the quality of individual research;in order to evaluate the teaching activity, the number of hours dedicated to didactical activities is taken into account, together with the number of teaching hours required by one’s role. Information related to remuneration and the circumstance of carrying out intramural activities has also been included. A thorough statistical analysis is carried out and the individual groups (DAI and university departments) are compared through the Kruskal Wallis test. Estimating a Poisson Gamma mixture model highlights those variables that are significant predictors of scientific productivity. Attention paid to organizational methods should allow identifying the ideal setting for hybrid professionals to practice the medical profession, while carrying out managerial duties, without compromising the quality of teaching and research. An efficient solution could thus be proposed to the complex multi-objective optimization problem that healthcare professionals are called to answer.展开更多
Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union...Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.展开更多
基金part of the research results of Humanities and Social Science Planning Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of P.R.China,titled“Research on the Books Publishing of Modern Chinese Library From the Perspective of Generalized Technology”(Project No.19YJA870014).
文摘Based on several bibliographic advertisements carried in newspapers and magazines from 1919 to 1922 for books published by Peking University Publishing Department,and issued by Yadong Library,the paper analyzes the characteristics of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department during this period,and points out that Yadong Library entered its golden period of development due to move from the alley to the main road and obtain the management rights of the books published by Peking University Publishing Department.
文摘Chongqing University is located inChongqing City,Sichuan Province.Foundedoriginally in 1929,the university has sincethen greatly expanded in its scope ofeducation and organization.Now it becomesone of China’s key universities of scienceand engineering with 18 departments and38 specialities.In addition it has 20 researchinstitutes and about one hundred laboratories.The department of metallurgy and ma-terials engineering of Chongqing University
文摘Introduction: Self evaluation is a process that defines and collects required data to judge about decision making issues at educational system on whether the educational department is fit to educate students? The objective of this study was determining the quality of the structural elements of the department of Communicable Diseases & determining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to improve the quality of activities in the department under research. Materials and Methods: The employed method was Mixed methods (qualitative & quantitative research), on the basis of 10 procedural steps and within 8 sections dealing with evaluated factors;such as 1) organizational and management structure 2) scientific board members 3) students 4) Manpower 5) Space of educational research and health care 6) Equipment 7) curriculum 8) satisfaction of graduates, which were studied using 61 criteria and 172 indicators. Five-point Likert Scale was used for the responses in the questionnaire (1 - 1.75 = undesirable, to 4.2 - 5 completely desirable). Finally the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and the assessment software of the Educational Development Center of TUMS. The instruments used in this method included assessment software, interview, observation and self-prepared questionnaire which consisted of 7 questionnaires and 2 check lists. Finding: The results of the research showed that general average of 8 investigating sections was 56.9% as a rather desirable research work. Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that function of the educational management in that group was directly in line with evaluation process, but continuing the process of evaluation seems necessary.
文摘Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of this prescription. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020. The records of patients who received probabilistic antibiotic therapy were included. Results: During the study period, 330 patients had received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority of patients were male (53%), with a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age of the patients was 33 years ± 14. The age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented (42%). Fifteen percent (15%) of patients were living with HIV. The majority of patients were from urban areas (56.4%). Forty-nine percent (49%) of the patients worked in the informal sector. Clinically, the reasons for consultation were dominated by fever, alteration of general condition, neurological disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory signs, urinary signs and diffuse pain. The physical examination showed that 48.1% of the patients had meningeal irritation syndrome, 10% had convulsions and 10% had focal signs, trismus was present in 4% of the patients and facial paralysis in 3%. In the digestive system, hepatomegaly was present in 29% of patients and digestive candidiasis in 31%. Respiratory examination showed crepitus and fluid effusion syndrome in 26.83% and 20.62% of patients respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was dominated by bacterial meningitis, salmonellosis and bronchopneumonia with banal germs. In terms of treatment, the beta-lactam family of drugs was the most prescribed. They were followed by aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The evolution was marked by the death of 50 patients (15%). Conclusion: The most prescribed molecules belong to the family of Beta-lactam. And this prescription improved the outcome of patients. Bacterial susceptibility studies will allow better orientation of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in order to limit the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.
文摘Today,in the 1920s of the 21st century,financial media has spread all over people’s daily life,profoundly changing people’s lifestyle and behavior habits.As one of the organizations of news communication institutions,the Propaganda department of colleges and universities is also facing the challenge of readjusting the development path.
文摘In the very beginning,the Computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge was founded to provide computing service for different disciplines across the university.As computer science developed as a discipline in its own right,boundaries necessarily arose between it and other disciplines,in a way that is now often detrimental to progress.Therefore,it is necessary to reinvigorate the relationship between computer science and other academic disciplines and celebrate exploration and creativity in research.To do this,the structures of the academic department have to act as supporting scaffolding rather than barriers.Some examples are given that show the efforts being made at the University of Cambridge to approach this problem.
文摘The productivity of medical staff within a polyclinic is not an easy task due to the multiple activities that physicians must perform at the same time: not only healthcare for patients, but also academic activities, such as scientific research and teaching. Hybrid professionals are healthcare professionals who have to play multiple roles, often not precisely identified. This analysis examines the case study of the University Polyclinic of Messina (Italy) where three university departments and 7 Dipartimenti di Attività Integrate (DAI) are distinguished and physicians (both professors and researchers) are called to reconcile multiple tasks. Given the distinction between university departments and DAIs, the aim of this contribution is to identify the organizational elements that prove to be predictors of scientific efficiency and productivity. To what extent does the inclusion in a DAI or within a university department affect individual incentives? A new dataset is built for the present research containing information on University Polyclinic of Messina physicians (full professors, associate professors, researchers). From the Scopus online database (<a href="https://www.scopus.com/home.uri">https://www.scopus.com/home.uri</a>) individual information relating to the number of publications, the number of citations, h-index was obtained. The latter is used to assess the quality of individual research;in order to evaluate the teaching activity, the number of hours dedicated to didactical activities is taken into account, together with the number of teaching hours required by one’s role. Information related to remuneration and the circumstance of carrying out intramural activities has also been included. A thorough statistical analysis is carried out and the individual groups (DAI and university departments) are compared through the Kruskal Wallis test. Estimating a Poisson Gamma mixture model highlights those variables that are significant predictors of scientific productivity. Attention paid to organizational methods should allow identifying the ideal setting for hybrid professionals to practice the medical profession, while carrying out managerial duties, without compromising the quality of teaching and research. An efficient solution could thus be proposed to the complex multi-objective optimization problem that healthcare professionals are called to answer.
文摘Based on archival materials discovered in America,Britain,and China,this paper carefully examines the history of the short-lived and completely overlooked Department of Physics in the Premedical School of Peking Union Medical College(PUMC),and uncovers this department’s extensive interconnections with its counterpart at Yenching University.This project also looks into the Master of Science(MS)program in the Department of Physics at Yenching University,which,founded in 1927,was the first graduate program in physics in China.It was this MS program that transformed the Yenching Department from a largely premedical training center serving the PUMC into a prominent cradle of Chinese physics research.This Yenching Department,despite its small faculty and brief existence,nurtured many eminent Chinese physicists,such as Chao-Ying Meng孟昭英,Wen-Yu Chang张文裕,Ming-Chen Wang王明贞,Chia-Liu Luke Yuan袁家骝,Cheng-Shu Wang(Chang)王承书,Ho-Fu Lu卢鹤绂,Ting-Sui Ke葛庭燧,Kun Huang黄昆,and Chia-Lin Hsieh谢家麟.It would have been impossible to achieve these outstanding accomplishments without the effective leadership and pioneering work of C.H.Corbett,P.A.Anderson,Y.M.Hsieh,and W.Band—the first four Department Chairs—in combination with relatively abundant private funding,mostly from America,and extensive educational connections with Western institutions.This paper not only introduces in detail these four department heads and their contributions,but also discloses the unique role played by the Rockefeller Foundation via the China Medical Board and the PUMC in the development of the Yenching Department of Physics.
