Unmanned aerial vehicle based intelligent triage system in mass-casualty incidents using 5G and artificial intelligence

BACKGROUND:Rapid on-site triage is critical after mass-casualty incidents(MCIs)and other mass injury events.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been used in MCIs to search and rescue wounded individuals,but they mainly depend on the UAV operator’s experience.We used UAVs and artificial intelligence(AI)to provide a new technique for the triage of MCIs and more efficient solutions for emergency rescue.METHODS:This was a preliminary experimental study.We developed an intelligent triage system based on two AI algorithms,namely OpenPose and YOLO.Volunteers were recruited to simulate the MCI scene and triage,combined with UAV and Fifth Generation(5G)Mobile Communication Technology real-time transmission technique,to achieve triage in the simulated MCI scene.RESULTS:Seven postures were designed and recognized to achieve brief but meaningful triage in MCIs.Eight volunteers participated in the MCI simulation scenario.The results of simulation scenarios showed that the proposed method was feasible in tasks of triage for MCIs.CONCLUSION:The proposed technique may provide an alternative technique for the triage of MCIs and is an innovative method in emergency rescue.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control of Major Sugarcane Diseases and Pests in Low Latitude Plateau

This research was aimed at the defects in traditional artificial spraying control method and the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle and late stage of sugarcane high stalk crops.The aerial pesticide application technology for sugarcane main diseases and pests was systematically developed and demonstrated from the aspects of aircraft type choice,selection of special pesticides and auxiliaries,integration of pesticides and equipment,field operation,technical specifications,and large-scale application organization mode.The UAV model and flight technical parameters suitable for the sugarcane planting area in low-latitude plateau were analyzed,and the optimal agent formulation combination and application technology of the UAV flight control were screened out,and the UAV flight control was applied to the major sugarcane pests and diseases control in the low-latitude plateau in large scale(UAV flight control was popularized and applied to 15 527 hm 2 in 2018).The research results provided mature whole-process technical support for the normalization of the application of the UVA flight control of major sugarcane pests and diseases.The UAV control technology for major sugarcane pests and diseases had the advantages of ultra-low pesticides applying dosage and high operating efficiency,and could effectively solve the problems such as the difficulty in pesticides applying,labor shortage and low operating efficiency in the middle late growth stage of high stalk crops.This technology successfully opened up a simple,efficient and new way for the effective control of major sugarcane pests and diseases,and practically accelerated the process of integrated control and prevention of sugarcane pests and diseases.In addition,this technology had an extremely significant effect on reducing the loss of sugarcane farmers and enterprises caused by the epidemic and outbreak of sugarcane pests and diseases,increasing sugarcane yield and sugar content.At the same time,this technology played an important role in realizing the whole-process precise control of sugarcane pests and diseases,improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of sugarcane,and guaranteeing the national sugar safety.

Technical Specification for Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle( UAV) Monitoring of Rocky Desertification in Karst Area

Taking the opportunity of the third monitoring of rocky desertification in the karst area of China,Zigui County of Hubei Province applied Unmanned Aerial Vehicle( UAV) for the first time for monitoring. Through repeated trials and studies,it established technical requirements including the UAV monitoring technology for the rocky desertification,the feature point photographing,UAV video judgment of rocky desertification degree,UAV video correction misclassification subcompartment,and UAV video observation of rocky desertification control. It completed the third rocky desertification monitoring task of karst area in Zigui County.

Research on Vegetation Coverage Status of Urban-rural Fringe in Guizhou Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned aerial vehicle technology was used to survey the vegetation coverage of typical urban-rural fringe, and descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods were used to analyze the urban-rural fringe of spatial heterogeneity of vegetation coverage. The results showed that vegetation coverage in the study area was 27.2176% with the coefficient of variation of 31.7786%; that the vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ showed positive spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation of vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ was greater than that in 〉0.18＇; that the best fitting model for Semivariance function was exponential model with spatial variation ratio 0.726, which showed strong spatial correlation, and the spatial correlated scale was 0.18＇; that the vegetation coverage data in the study area was relatively stable, and the instability mainly occurred on the border of the study area and the surroundings.

Application of MR Technology in Teaching:A Case Study of UAV Agriculture&Forestry Plant Protection Curriculum

In order to solve the problems of insufficient training equipment,relatively lack of curriculum resources and single teaching means in the teaching of UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)applied technology major,this paper studies the application of MR(Mixed Reality)in UAV applied technology major teaching,with the teaching of UAV agriculture&forestry plant protection curriculum as the carrier.The study will solve the pain points in teaching,improve the teaching ability and teaching information level,and increase the talent training quality of UAV,agriculture&forestry plant protection and related majors.Furthermore,it will create a protective,interactive,remote and scalable teaching experience for stu-dents,which can improve the teaching effect and reduce the teaching cost.

不同海况条件下舰载无人机着舰安全分析

针对无人机上舰的使用需求,本文对舰载无人机着舰开展了系统的研究。建立了机-舰-环境综合模型和舰载无人机全自动着舰引导控制系统;基于建立的舰载无人机着舰综合模型对不同海况下的着舰过程进行仿真分析,研究不同海况条件以及航母不同航速和遭遇角对着舰安全的影响。仿真研究表明:在复杂海况下,航母可通过适当提高航速以获得更高的着舰成功率,但过高的航速会导致舰尾流扰动加剧,使得着舰成功率显著下降;通过对仿真结果进行统计分析,给出了不同海况下的着舰安全范围,为无人机着舰辅助决策提供参考。

我国低空经济的技术经济范式分析与发展对策

低空经济作为我国战略性新兴产业,具有典型的新质生产力特征。从低空经济的发展看,其符合技术经济范式的一般特征。低空经济发展遵循包含驱动力、新结构与新形态、价值创造活动、价值创造结果四要素的范式。目前,我国低空经济发展总体处于起步阶段,政策风口效应明显,发展前景广阔。依照技术经济范式,从驱动力看,我国正在逐步构建低空技术牵引、低空基础设施保障、低空经济政策助推的驱动力体系;从新结构与新形态看,我国低空经济已经广泛融入农业生产、观光旅游、物流配送、环境监测、应急救援等领域,在信息维度、能量维度、情绪维度的价值不断显现,同时部分城市依托低空经济产业链走出低空经济特色发展之路;从价值创造活动看,我国在低空飞行器制造、低空服务、低空运营维保等领域涌现出一批代表性企业,低空经济的场景和规模不断扩充,价值创造活动前景广阔;从价值创造结果看,近年来我国低空经济规模保持较快增长,在直接带动经济增长的同时展现出降低成本、提高效率、促进就业等社会效益。总体而言,发展低空经济是一项系统工程。尽管我国通用航空发展为低空经济奠定了基础,但与发达国家相比,我国低空经济发展仍然存在诸多不足,顶层设计亟待加强,体制机制有待理顺,技术创新有待加强,场景拓展有待加快,综合成本有待下降,行业保障有待提升。因此,应制定战略规划,统筹低空经济发展,优化低空空域管理,加大财政金融支持,推动低空经济产业链协同发展,加快技术创新与人才队伍建设,加强低空经济基础设施和法规标准体系建设以及安全保障。

陆上机动力量反无人机集群作战的挑战与对策

面对无人机集群日益凸显的作战威胁,反无人机集群技术研究被提上日程。针对陆上机动力量作战特点,从战术层面和战略层面对反无人机集群作战问题进行了研究。首先,分析了反无人机集群作战的特点;然后,从侦察预警、拦截打击和干扰压制3个方面,提出了陆上机动力量反无人机集群的战法运用方式;最后,给出了陆上机动力量反无人机集群作战能力建设的意见和建议。

基于仿生技术的尾座式VTOL无人机起降稳定控制及轨迹优化

尾座式垂直起降(Vertical takeoff/landing,VTOL)无人机(Unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)稳定性差,与传统起落架的适配性低。针对上述问题,提出了一种采用自由尾翼技术的新型起落架。该起落架采用串联多级结构,在降低机身高度的同时,保证了巡航状态下尾翼力臂的长度,并通过虚拟中心点力分布技术对动态着陆过程进行调控,简化了控制过程,有利于模式转换过程中的无缝轨迹优化。随后基于猫中心点单点数据集,利用神经网络对起落架控制进行训练,有效提高了起落架自适应起落速度和精度。最后,结合无人机不同模式的参数要求,进行多目标优化和相似性转换,有效提高了尾座式垂直起降无人机的着陆适应性和稳定性。

热带海洋大气环境氯离子浓度立体化观测技术研究

目的 对热带海洋环境氯离子开展立体化观测,掌握热带海洋环境下大气氯离子浓度在空间上的分布规律,为海洋大气环境下装备产品和重大工程服役环境研究提供立体化观测数据支撑。方法 在观测海岸线附近科学选点,采用无人机搭载远程控制大气采样器开展大气氯离子浓度立体化观测,对不同空间高度氯离子浓度分布规律进行分析。结果 成功采集万宁某海岸线附近1 km×300 m×100 m区域1 a以上氯离子浓度数据,通过GIS技术分析并建立了氯离子浓度分布三维场,实现了氯离子浓度可视化,并随离海距离、离地高度剖切显示。结论 海南万宁某区域海岸线附近氯离子浓度在冬季最大,夏季最低,且在一定观测范围内,随观测高度增加而先增大、后降低,随离海距离增大而逐渐降低。

基于CiteSpace的农药雾滴润湿展布研究进展可视化分析

为精准把握农药雾滴润湿展布领域的研究现状、热点及趋势,借助CiteSpace软件,基于CNKI和WOS数据库获得的近30年的文献样本,从发文量、国家、机构、作者、研究热点、演进趋势等方面进行可视化分析。结果表明:当前国内外关于农药雾滴润湿展布的研究均处于飞速发展阶段,年发文量呈现激增态势,2021年中、外文文献的发文量分别达到78篇和53篇,而且已形成稳定的核心作者群及发文机构,但各群体、机构间的合作关系较弱;在该领域,中、美是主要的研究国家,中国的发文量最多(109篇),但文献的影响力(中介中心性0.09)却远不如美国(中介中心性0.46);在研究热点方面,国内的研究侧重点在于探索喷施参数、雾滴行为分析、药剂选择组合等实践层面,而国际上的侧重点还包括研制新型农药物资、开发新型施药设备及技术等创新层面的研究;未来,与无人机施药技术相关的研究将会是该领域的研究热点。

阿尔金地区“天空地深”一体化找矿勘查评价体系应用实践——以阿亚克-瓦石峡南为例

阿尔金地区属中高山地形,地势陡峭,海拔一般在2 000 m以上,比高大于300 m。高山区切割较深,地表基本无植被,基岩裸露较好。长期以来,因极端恶劣的交通条件,矿产勘查开发受到严重制约。新一轮找矿突破行动主攻昆仑-阿尔金,对高寒山区、工作空白区探索绿色、低成本、高效率的勘查评价技术方法势在必行,在此背景下逐渐形成适应阿尔金地区“天空地深”一体化找矿勘查评价体系[1]。该体系中“天”指遥感技术应用,即采用高清卫片结合谷歌地图等影像资料识别解译伟晶岩脉,圈定伟晶岩脉集中分布区域;“空”指无人机技术应用,即采用航空摄影及三维建模对地表伟晶岩延伸情况进行圈定;“地”指地面传统找矿手段应用,即采用路线地质调查、填图、槽探及采样分析等手段对无人机圈定的伟晶岩脉进行地面查证,圈定含矿伟晶岩脉;“深”指深部钻探手段应用,即采用便携式钻机了解含矿伟晶岩脉深部延伸及品位变化情况。该体系的应用可精准锁定找矿靶区,圈定矿(化)体,对矿区进行勘查评价,极大提高了找矿勘查效率,缩短找矿周期,在地形切割强烈的阿尔金地区值得广泛运用。

面向6G多维扩展的新型多址接入技术综述

随着移动通信技术的不断演进,第6代移动通信(6G)将实现从万物互联到万物智联的跨越,满足更高的数据需求和更广泛的应用场景。新型多址接入技术和多维扩展技术将在6G中协同发挥作用,为构建高效、智能、可靠的通信网络提供关键支持,满足未来通信的多重需求。该文旨在探讨新型多址接入技术在6G多维扩展通信网络中的应用潜力。首先,该文对比了传统多址接入技术与6G潜在新型多址接入技术,并重点阐述了非正交多址接入技术在提升频谱效率和系统容量方面的优势。然后,详细介绍了卫星通信、无人机(UAV)通信和智能反射面(IRS)等多维扩展技术在6G场景下的优势。进一步,讨论了新型多址技术与卫星通信、UAV以及IRS相结合的优势及协同应用。最后,探讨了基于新型多址接入技术的多维扩展网络中的关键技术挑战,包括大规模多入多出技术、太赫兹技术、通感算一体化、用户信息安全、不完美信道状态信息(CSI)估计,同时对新型编码技术、人工智能和机器学习等研究方向进行了展望。

基于无人机倾斜摄影遥感技术的水土保持动态监测方法研究

为了能够充分了解土壤侵蚀分布,及时掌握水土流失变化趋势,提出基于无人机倾斜摄影遥感技术的水土保持动态监测方法。利用无人机从多个角度采集监测区域影像数据,并实施辐射定标和大气校正预处理,基于遥感影像数据提取土壤可蚀性因子、土地利用因子、植被覆盖监测因子、坡度因子,通过计算获取水土保持系数并划分等级。监测结果表明:区域1水土保持系数呈现“V字形”,区域2水土保持系数整体呈现“一字型”,区域3水土保持系数整体呈现逐渐上升状态。

无人机施药与传统常量施药在小麦冠层的雾滴沉积规律

【目的】目前中国无人机施药缺乏飞防专用剂型,在进行飞防时大都使用常规剂型,限制了飞防的推广与应用,筛选有利于飞防的常规剂型对于增加药剂的分散效果和提高防效具有重要作用。【方法】选择三种常见农药剂型,通过比较常量喷雾与飞防喷雾效果,评价雾滴在小麦冠层的沉积规律。【结果】试验发现,相同喷雾条件下,水乳剂的药剂分散性最好,其次是水分散粒剂,最后是水悬浮剂。【结论】与常量施药相比,航空施药不仅具有更好的药剂分散性和穿透性,还有利于节约用水。

智慧保护地管理云平台系统设计与研究

针对保护地数据收集较为困难、管理云平台的利用普遍低下等问题,对智慧保护地管理云平台系统进行设计与研究。采用分布式系统对智慧保护地管理云平台进行设计,其结构可分为感知层、网络层和应用层。感知层主要采用无人机遥感技术实现对保护地数据的采集;网络层在窄带物联网技术上增加一个定时节能模块,可在对采集到的信息传送时节省功耗;应用层主要是对数据存储进行设计,可避免产生冗余重复数据,节省数据空间,增强索引能力和响应速度。通过试验,验证了数据采集的完整度和帧图像分辨率的稳定性都较传统方法更为优越。管理云平台数据存储占用空间较传统方法少,且随着数据量的增加,增长幅度更为均匀。

网电对抗在无人机反制中的应用

分析了发展无人机反制技术的迫切性和必要性,对比了当前反无人机手段的优缺点,指出了现有手段面临的问题,提出利用网电对抗手段进行无人机反制的方向,对后续利用网电对抗并结合智能化技术进行无人机反制的思路进行探讨。

基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术及其在油气行业的应用

对甲烷排放的精准监测是油气行业实现温室气体减排与管控的基础和前提。无人机具有灵活、可操作性强、覆盖范围广、运行成本低等特点,以无人机为飞行平台的甲烷监测技术在油气行业区域甲烷排放监测领域具有巨大的应用潜力。详细阐述了基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术的优势,梳理了不同的无人机类型,并根据其飞行性能及载荷能力进行了比对,归纳了无人机有效载荷类型、特点及应用场景,总结了国内外无人机甲烷监测技术在油气行业的应用,旨在为基于无人机平台的甲烷监测技术在我国油气行业的应用提供理论和技术参考。

面向无人机装备生命周期的工效评估方法、应用框架及研究展望

无人机装备系统的推广引发的人机工效问题日益突出。本文基于文献研究和工业实践经验,对无人机装备生命周期的工效评估方法进行研究。重点阐述了无人机装备的人机工效研究范畴与面向无人机装备生命周期的人机工效评估方法,提出了无人机装备生命周期的人机工效分析框架,并说明了面向典型应用的无人机装备研制关键生命周期阶段的人机工效实践方法;此外,结合智能化技术的进步展望了无人机装备人机工效的研究方向。本研究可从人机工效设计与评价角度,对无人机装备系统研制提供一定参考。

基于计算机视觉技术的无人机检测跟踪方法

针对无人机因目标较小而难以检测、检测速度慢、难于跟踪等问题,提出一种基于目标检测YOLOv5s算法和目标跟踪DeepSORT算法的无人机检测跟踪方法;采用自采数据集和公开数据集构建无人机检测数据集,使用针对小目标的数据增强方法以扩充数据集多样性;选择合适的YOLOv5算法模型实现无人机目标的精准、快速检测,引入基于批标准化层的模型剪枝方法进一步提高模型检测速度;利用DeepSORT算法实现无人机目标的实时追踪;通过对比YOLOv3、 YOLOv4、 Fast R-CNN以及改进前的YOLOv5算法,验证了本文方法在无人机检测方面的性能。结果表明:提出的无人机检测跟踪方法的全类平均精度达到0.947,每秒浮点运算次数达到2.93×10~9,在无人机检测的精度和速度方面均具有优势。