Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management(ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider(ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to:(A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management(UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations;(B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace;(C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.

基于系统分类和安全评估的无人机空域集成

无人机的空域集成,即无人机进入非隔离空域飞行与有人机共享空域,是未来发展的必然趋势,这也给空中交通管理带来了新的挑战.参照美国的空域集成计划,需要建立在空域详细分类的基础上,根据无人机的综合能力逐步实现无人机从单一空域到多空域,从隔离空域到非隔离空域的动态运行.而无人机的综合能力分类可以从体系划分和安全能力两个角度出发,综合衡量;其中,无人机体系基于自主能力和监管方式两个关键因素来划分.基于这种方法,分析可以初步确定一类无人机可以飞行的空域类型,以及跨越不同空域的方式,从而实现无人机空域集成.

基于多属性分类的民用无人机空中交通管理模式

在对国际民航组织及美国、欧洲等民航发达国家和地区民用无人机分类管理经验进行归纳总结的基础上,结合我国民用无人机管理现状,提出我国基于多属性分类的民用无人机空中交通管理模式;分别从战术和战略层面进行阐述,并对关键的无人机交通管理系统的设计提出建议。可供民航业界决策参考。

民用无人机交通管理体系架构及关键技术

民用无人机交通管理是无人机运行管理的核心。目前无人机交通管理的研究大都处于针对单一运行场景的策略制定和相关支撑技术方案的探讨和论证阶段,没有系统揭示无人机交通管理体系全貌和技术发展趋势。在分析国外民用无人机交通管理现状的基础上,设计了面向全谱系运行场景的民用无人机交通管理体系架构,涵盖典型运行场景、管理策略、运行生态。为支持无人机交通管理体系的实施,围绕无人机空域精细化管理、无人机运行安全与间隔管理、无人机交通引导与控制、无人机智能化设施规划与应用提出了11项关键技术,并分析了技术发展现状,总结了技术发展方向。研究结果表明:民用无人机交通管理应采用面向场景基于风险的分级分类管理策略,适应无人机运行生态的可持续发展需要;交通管理关键技术研究需考虑多场景、多类型、多阶段、交互性、大规模、高自主等因素,以安全、高效融入国家空域系统。

Tactical conflict resolution in urban airspace for unmanned aerial vehicles operations using attention-based deep reinforcement learning

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have gained much attention from academic and industrial areas due to the significant number of potential applications in urban airspace.A traffic management system for these UAVs is needed to manage this future traffic.Tactical conflict resolution for unmanned aerial systems(UASs)is an essential piece of the puzzle for the future UAS Traffic Management(UTM),especially in very low-level(VLL)urban airspace.Unlike conflict resolution in higher altitude airspace,the dense high-rise buildings are an essential source of potential conflict to be considered in VLL urban airspace.In this paper,we propose an attention-based deep reinforcement learning approach to solve the tactical conflict resolution problem.Specifically,we formulate this task as a sequential decision-making problem using Markov Decision Process(MDP).The double deep Q network(DDQN)framework is used as a learning framework for the host drone to learn to output conflict-free maneuvers at each time step.We use the attention mechanism to model the individual neighbor's effect on the host drone,endowing the learned conflict resolution policy to be adapted to an arbitrary number of neighboring drones.Lastly,we build a simulation environment with various scenarios covering different types of encounters to evaluate the proposed approach.The simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm provides a reliable solution to minimize secondary conflict counts compared to learning and non-learning-based approaches under different traffic density scenarios.

国内外无人机交通管理系统比较

在对比分析美国和欧洲无人机交通管理系统的建设历程、系统结构和功能的基础上,结合中国无人机产业发展特点,针对无人机交通管理系统建设提出思路。中国应尽快革新无人机行业的监管制度,积极与各试验基地展开合作研发,努力提高无人机交通管理系统的服务技术水平,以加快中国无人机监管现代化的进程,推动无人机产业快速发展。

无人机低空交通管理系统综述

低空空域改革是提高低空空域利用率和促进低空产业发展的重要举措,无人机的低空运行是低空空域改革的重点。低空无人机的数量与低空空域使用需求急剧增加,亟待发展与空中交通管理系统相称的无人机空中交通管理系统。为了解低空无人机运行现状和发展无人机低空运行关键技术,从无人机交通管理系统/智能交通管理系统、无人机低空运行关键技术和无人机低空运行飞行规则三个方面对无人机低空交通管理系统的现状进行了总结介绍,并探讨了无人机低空交通管理系统的发展趋势。