With the rapid growth of the number and flight time of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),safety accidents caused by UAVs flight risk is increasing gradually.Safe air route planning is an effective means to reduce the ope...With the rapid growth of the number and flight time of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),safety accidents caused by UAVs flight risk is increasing gradually.Safe air route planning is an effective means to reduce the operational risk of UAVs at the strategic level.The optimal air route planning model based on ground risk assessment is presented by considering the safety cost of UAV air route.Through the rasterization of the ground surface under the air route,the safety factor of each grid is defined with the probability of fatality on the ground per flight hour as the quantitative index.The air route safety cost function is constructed based on the safety factor of each grid.Then,the total cost function considering both air route safety and flight distance is established.The expected function of the ant colony algorithm is rebuilt and used as the algorithm to plan the air routes.The effectiveness of the new air route planning model is verified through the logistical distribution scenario on urban airspace.The results indicate that the new air route planning model considering safety factor can greatly improve the overall safety of air route under small increase of the total flight time.展开更多
Heat transfer and temperature evolution in overburden fracture and ground fissures are one of the essential topics for the identification of ground fissures via unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) infrared imager. In this st...Heat transfer and temperature evolution in overburden fracture and ground fissures are one of the essential topics for the identification of ground fissures via unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) infrared imager. In this study, discrete element software UDEC was employed to investigate the overburden fracture field under different mining conditions. Multiphysics software COMSOL were employed to investigate heat transfer and temperature evolution of overburden fracture and ground fissures under the influence of mining condition, fissure depth, fissure width, and month alternation. The UAV infrared field measurements also provided a calibration for numerical simulation. The results showed that for ground fissures connected to underground goaf(Fissure Ⅰ), the temperature difference increased with larger mining height and shallow buried depth. In addition, Fissure Ⅰ located in the boundary of the goaf have a greater temperature difference and is easier to be identified than fissures located above the mining goaf. For ground fissures having no connection to underground goaf(Fissure Ⅱ), the heat transfer is affected by the internal resistance of the overlying strata fracture when the depth of Fissure Ⅱ is greater than10 m, the temperature of Fissure Ⅱ gradually equals to the ground temperature as the fissures’ depth increases, and the fissures are difficult to be identified. The identification effect is most obvious for fissures larger than 16 cm under the same depth. In spring and summer, UAV infrared identification of mining fissures should be carried out during nighttime. This study provides the basis for the optimal time and season for the UAV infrared identification of different types of mining ground fissures.展开更多
Variable pump driving variable motor(VPDVM) is the future development trend of the hydraulic transmission of an unmanned ground vehicle(UGV).VPDVM is a dual-input single-output nonlinear system with coupling,which is ...Variable pump driving variable motor(VPDVM) is the future development trend of the hydraulic transmission of an unmanned ground vehicle(UGV).VPDVM is a dual-input single-output nonlinear system with coupling,which is difficult to control.High pressure automatic variables bang-bang(HABB) was proposed to achieve the desired motor speed.First,the VPDVM nonlinear mathematic model was introduced,then linearized by feedback linearization theory,and the zero-dynamic stability was proved.The HABB control algorithm was proposed for VPDVM,in which the variable motor was controlled by high pressure automatic variables(HA) and the variable pump was controlled by bang-bang.Finally,simulation of VPDVM controlled by HABB was developed.Simulation results demonstrate the HABB can implement the desired motor speed rapidly and has strong robustness against the variations of desired motor speed,load and pump speed.展开更多
人工势场法由于运算量小、精度高,广泛应用于无人车的局部路径规划。针对传统人工势场法存在目标不可达、局部最小值及陷入U型障碍物的问题,提出一种基于Frenet坐标系下改进人工势场法的路径规划算法。构建Frenet坐标系来表述车辆避障运...人工势场法由于运算量小、精度高,广泛应用于无人车的局部路径规划。针对传统人工势场法存在目标不可达、局部最小值及陷入U型障碍物的问题,提出一种基于Frenet坐标系下改进人工势场法的路径规划算法。构建Frenet坐标系来表述车辆避障运动,简化规划模型,解决路径规划中车辆与所在道路相对位置不易表述的问题。提出安全椭圆模型和预测距离的概念来调整势场影响区域,加入基于Frenet坐标系下的参考线势场及动态速度势场改进斥力场函数,解决车辆在静态和动态下的避障问题。利用数学仿真软件进行仿真,以不同车速在直道和弯道场景中对所提出的路径规划方法进行静态和动态避障仿真实验。研究结果表明:不同车速下的前轮转角、横摆角速度均控制在较小范围内,改进算法可以有效解决传统人工势场法的缺陷,同时与快速搜索随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)算法相比,其在避障过程中路径规划计算效率提高了42.8%,改进算法优势明显。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Education Commission(No.2019KJ128).
文摘With the rapid growth of the number and flight time of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),safety accidents caused by UAVs flight risk is increasing gradually.Safe air route planning is an effective means to reduce the operational risk of UAVs at the strategic level.The optimal air route planning model based on ground risk assessment is presented by considering the safety cost of UAV air route.Through the rasterization of the ground surface under the air route,the safety factor of each grid is defined with the probability of fatality on the ground per flight hour as the quantitative index.The air route safety cost function is constructed based on the safety factor of each grid.Then,the total cost function considering both air route safety and flight distance is established.The expected function of the ant colony algorithm is rebuilt and used as the algorithm to plan the air routes.The effectiveness of the new air route planning model is verified through the logistical distribution scenario on urban airspace.The results indicate that the new air route planning model considering safety factor can greatly improve the overall safety of air route under small increase of the total flight time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52225402 and U1910206).
文摘Heat transfer and temperature evolution in overburden fracture and ground fissures are one of the essential topics for the identification of ground fissures via unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) infrared imager. In this study, discrete element software UDEC was employed to investigate the overburden fracture field under different mining conditions. Multiphysics software COMSOL were employed to investigate heat transfer and temperature evolution of overburden fracture and ground fissures under the influence of mining condition, fissure depth, fissure width, and month alternation. The UAV infrared field measurements also provided a calibration for numerical simulation. The results showed that for ground fissures connected to underground goaf(Fissure Ⅰ), the temperature difference increased with larger mining height and shallow buried depth. In addition, Fissure Ⅰ located in the boundary of the goaf have a greater temperature difference and is easier to be identified than fissures located above the mining goaf. For ground fissures having no connection to underground goaf(Fissure Ⅱ), the heat transfer is affected by the internal resistance of the overlying strata fracture when the depth of Fissure Ⅱ is greater than10 m, the temperature of Fissure Ⅱ gradually equals to the ground temperature as the fissures’ depth increases, and the fissures are difficult to be identified. The identification effect is most obvious for fissures larger than 16 cm under the same depth. In spring and summer, UAV infrared identification of mining fissures should be carried out during nighttime. This study provides the basis for the optimal time and season for the UAV infrared identification of different types of mining ground fissures.
基金Project(51375029)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20091102120038)supported by Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Variable pump driving variable motor(VPDVM) is the future development trend of the hydraulic transmission of an unmanned ground vehicle(UGV).VPDVM is a dual-input single-output nonlinear system with coupling,which is difficult to control.High pressure automatic variables bang-bang(HABB) was proposed to achieve the desired motor speed.First,the VPDVM nonlinear mathematic model was introduced,then linearized by feedback linearization theory,and the zero-dynamic stability was proved.The HABB control algorithm was proposed for VPDVM,in which the variable motor was controlled by high pressure automatic variables(HA) and the variable pump was controlled by bang-bang.Finally,simulation of VPDVM controlled by HABB was developed.Simulation results demonstrate the HABB can implement the desired motor speed rapidly and has strong robustness against the variations of desired motor speed,load and pump speed.
文摘人工势场法由于运算量小、精度高,广泛应用于无人车的局部路径规划。针对传统人工势场法存在目标不可达、局部最小值及陷入U型障碍物的问题,提出一种基于Frenet坐标系下改进人工势场法的路径规划算法。构建Frenet坐标系来表述车辆避障运动,简化规划模型,解决路径规划中车辆与所在道路相对位置不易表述的问题。提出安全椭圆模型和预测距离的概念来调整势场影响区域,加入基于Frenet坐标系下的参考线势场及动态速度势场改进斥力场函数,解决车辆在静态和动态下的避障问题。利用数学仿真软件进行仿真,以不同车速在直道和弯道场景中对所提出的路径规划方法进行静态和动态避障仿真实验。研究结果表明:不同车速下的前轮转角、横摆角速度均控制在较小范围内,改进算法可以有效解决传统人工势场法的缺陷,同时与快速搜索随机树(Rapidly-exploring Random Tree,RRT)算法相比,其在避障过程中路径规划计算效率提高了42.8%,改进算法优势明显。
