Chemical Control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with Multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

[Objective] The paper was to explore chemical control of Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner with multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. [Method] According to the outbreak characteristics of C. lanigera,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle was applied for flying control test. Referred to the spraying characteristics of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle,two kinds of microcapsule pesticides,ALV-1501 and ALV-1502,and two kinds of spraying additives,SPA-01 and SPA-02,were designed to control C. lanigera. [Result] The control effect of ALV-1501 at the dose of 2. 25 L/hm;was 60. 02% at 1 d post administration and 54. 14%at 5 d post administration; the control effects of ALV-1502 at the dose of 2. 1 L/hm2 were 76. 35% and 81. 35% at 1 and 5 d post administration,respectively.Compared to individual pesticide,the control effects of ALV-1501 were improved 1. 42-1. 47 times and 1. 16-1. 14 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm;SPA-01 and SPA-02 in pesticide liquid,respectively. The control effects of ALV-1502 were improved 1. 23-1. 25 times and 1. 15-1. 16 times by adding 0. 6 L/hm2 SPA-01 and SPA-02,respectively. The control effects against C. lanigera at three flying speeds of 3,5 and 8 m/s were 99. 72%-99. 97%,81. 6%-99. 81% and63. 52%-68. 77%,respectively. [Conclusion]The results will provide a reference for application of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle in prevention and control of C. lanigera in sugarcane field.

水面无人艇路径规划研究现状

进入人工智能化时代,水面无人艇成为研究热点,路径规划算法是实现水面无人艇智能化的重要部分。该文针对水面无人艇对环境信息的获取程度,分别从全局路径规划以及动态局部路径规划综述当前路径规划方面的最新研究成果,总结学术界对规划路径算法的切入点。最后讨论目前无人艇在路径规划上的挑战以及对未来无人艇实现智能化的展望。

Development of an Inexpensive Decentralized Autonomous Aquatic Craft Swarm System for Ocean Exploration

Swarm robotics in maritime engineering is a promising approach characterized by large numbers of relatively small and inexpensive autonomous aquatic crafts (AACs) to monitor marine environments. Compared with a single, large aquatic manned or unmanned surface vehicle, a highly distributed aquatic swarm system with several AACs features advantages in numerous real-world maritime missions, and its natural potential is qualified for new classes of tasks that uniformly feature low cost and high efficiency through time. This article develops an inexpensive AAC based on an embedded-systemcompanion computer and open-source autopilot, providing a verification platform for education and research on swarm algorithm on water surfaces. A topology communication network, including an inner communication network to exchange information among AACs and an external communication network for monitoring the state of the AAC Swarm System (AACSS), was designed based on the topology built into the Xbee units for the AACSS. In the emergence control network, the transmitter and receiver were coupled to distribute or recover the AAC. The swarm motion behaviors in AAC were resolved into the capabilities of go-to-waypoint and path following, which can be accomplished by two uncoupled controllers: speed controller and heading controller. The good performance of velocity and heading controllers in go-to-waypoint was proven in a series of simulations. Path following was achieved by tracking a set of ordered waypoints in the go-to-waypoint. Finally, a sea trial conducted at the China National Deep Sea Center successfully demonstrated the motion capability of the AAC. The sea trial results showed that the AAC is suited to carry out environmental monitoring tasks by efficiently covering the desired path, allowing for redundancy in the data collection process and tolerating the individual AACs’ path-following offset caused by winds and waves.

基于改进模糊聚类并行蜻蜓算法的无人水面艇航迹规划

对无人水面艇(Unmanned Surface Vessel,USV)航迹规划问题进行研究,提出了一种基于改进模糊聚类并行蜻蜓算法的无人水面艇航迹规划方案。首先,构建基于航距、能耗、航迹弯折度、航行安全度评价指标和网格坐标转换的USV航迹规划模型,在确保航行安全、降低问题求解维度的同时,最大限度地提高航迹平滑度和降低航行距离与能耗。其次,设计改进模糊聚类并行蜻蜓算法(Improved Fuzzy Clustering Parallel Dragonfly Algorithm,IFDDA),利用改进的并行模糊聚类算法,自适应确定蜻蜓静态邻域规模,以提高种群样本多样性;引入非线性进化因子,动态调整算法权重因子,以平衡算法局部搜索和全局搜索。最后,采用IFDDA算法对USV航迹规划模型进行求解,经典测试函数和具体航迹规划实例仿真结果表明,IFDDA具有良好的复杂高维函数优化性能,相比于其它航迹规划算法,基于IFDDA得到航程缩短了约(7.3~55.2)%、能耗降低了约(17.1~56.5)%。

改进的YOLOv3水面障碍物检测方法

为了提高无人艇在自主航行过程中对水面常见障碍物检测的精度,解决模型参数量较大、模型复杂难以应用于嵌入式设备的问题,提出一种改进的YOLOv3水面常见障碍物检测方法。使用K-means++算法对自建数据集进行聚类得到新的锚框参数,通过添加雨雾噪声的数据增强方法优化模型在复杂天气状况下的障碍物检测能力。针对模型参数量较大问题,使用深度可分离卷积和注意力机制模块重构特征提取网络中的残差结构。为了优化预测框的回归效果,引入SIo U损失函数,将预测框与真实框的方向角度作为损失之一,加快训练速度,提高推理的准确性。通过试验验证了改进后模型参数量缩减了44%,检测精度提高了5.19%,漏检率也有所降低,能有效进行水面障碍物的检测。

基于鲁棒控制器的水面智能高速无人艇控制技术

由于船体速度和负载的改变将导致模型中的参数发生扰动,海风、海浪、海流等因素也会对模型产生干扰。参数摄动、外部扰动以及模型的误差导致了水面智能高速无人艇控制的不稳定性。船舶数学建模中存在的各种不确定因素,对船舶操纵系统的鲁棒性能产生很大影响。本文通过建立无人艇的数学模型,利用鲁棒控制系统对模型的各项参数进行重点分析与优化,进一步提高整个无人艇控制系统稳定性。

多USV协同系统研究现状与发展概述

无人水面艇(Unmanned Surface Vehicle,USV)具有较高的智能化程度,较好的隐身性能,较强的机动能力以及较低的造价,被认为是一种作战用途广泛的新概念武器。在无人驾驶运载工具中,USV发展相对较晚,但已逐渐成为一个研究热点课题。文中简述目前国内外USV的研究情况;重点介绍多USV协同系统的现状;阐述高性能艇型、控制体系、通信技术、避碰、任务规划与决策5项关键技术;提出未来发展趋势;展望多USV协同系统在海上补给、水上安全保护、完善无人作战系统、水文气象信息采集和水面搜救方面的应用前景。

基于模糊PID的多旋翼无人机姿态控制系统设计

多旋翼无人机是一个欠驱动、非线性、静不稳定的被控对象。现在多旋翼无人机飞控大多数采用经典PID控制算法,经典PID控制算法[1]具有鲁棒性强,不依赖于被控对象模型,且控制算法易实现等优点。但在控制参数的调节上,需要丰富的经验,且很难达到最优的控制效果。本文针对PID参数难整定这一问题,提出了一种基于自适应的模糊PID的多旋翼无人机姿态控制方法,设计了旋翼无人机姿态控制系统的硬件和控制律的软件实现。通过试飞验证了该算法的可行性与可靠性,有效地改善了多旋翼无人机的稳定性与动态跟踪性能。

农村土地整治测绘技术方法的探索与实践

农村土地整治测绘是开展土地整治项目可行性研究、规划设计与预算编制、竣工验收、土地资源管理信息化的基础和前提。对无人机航摄系统测绘在农村土地整治项目中各个阶段的具体应用进行了阐述,为完善农村土地整治项目管理与测绘技术方法提供借鉴。

BIM技术在新建鲁南高铁跨越营业线施工中的应用

针对本工程存在的铁路营业线空间位置难以确定、施工安全风险大、要点施工效率要求高、零号块施工难度大等重难点,通过制定详细的实施方案、执行计划作为项目实施的指导性文件,应用无人机、三维扫描仪等设备采集营业线施工重点区域点云数据,校核工程空间位置关系;建立颗粒度高的营业线、零号块钢筋、新建特大桥、施工深化等BIM模型,基于BIM模型开展碰撞检查、施工方案可行性研究及深化;针对转体施工、中跨钢盒吊装等施工重难点进行BIM虚拟仿真,优化高风险工序,辅助天窗施工方案审查;转体施工过程中将BIM与物联网技术相结合,实时监测并控制梁体间的安全距离。本项目的BIM深度应用,有效降低了营业线施工的安全风险,保证施工质量和效率,应用成果形成铁路营业线施工工艺工法库并完成数字化交付,为后续类似铁路营业线项目提供参考。

恶劣海况下无人艇航行路线自动跟踪系统研究

传统无人艇航行路线跟踪系统存在目标路线完成效率低、路线误差性大的问题,为此设计恶劣海况下无人艇航行路线自动跟踪系统。通过环境变换分析设定自动跟踪系统框架,以系统框架设计为基础设计无人艇航岸路线自动规划模块,在规划模块基础上设计艇载路线自动跟踪控制模块,承接双模块实现无人艇航行路线自动跟踪系统设计,软件设计过程对路线自动跟踪系统影响不大,因此使用常规软件系统即可。通过模拟实验可以证明,恶劣海况下无人艇航行路线自动跟踪系统与传统跟踪方法相比,目标路线完成效率得到7%的提升,路线误差性降低6%。

无人艇的目标跟踪策略研究

无人艇对水面航行目标的跟踪,考虑实际出现的各种情况,根据无人艇在跟踪过程中与目标的相对位置关系和航速等,对应不同的无人艇控制策略。在进行船舶的控制过程中要考虑到航速和航向角不能突变,控制航速航向渐进变化。采用模糊控制进行航速控制,利用几何关系计算出航向,同时增大数据更新频率,增加算法使用次数,保证算法实现的效果最优。将航速航向的输出结果添加风、浪、流的干扰,添加干扰后计算得到无人艇的位置,最终经过仿真验证跟踪的效果。

基于遗传算法和PID 控制的无人艇减摇控制研究

针对小型无人艇减摇控制难的问题,在艇身增加减摇鳍和减摇螺旋桨,建立减摇鳍和减摇螺旋桨控制模型,结合遗传算法和PID控制两种算法,实现对减摇鳍和减摇螺旋桨参数精确控制。从船舶在低速和高速两种情况下进行减摇仿真分析,研究减摇鳍和减摇螺旋桨的减摇效果。仿真结果表明,船舶在减摇鳍和减摇螺旋桨联合控制下,能达到较好的减摇效果,能够满足船舶设备平台等减摇要求。

多航态高速无人艇阻力试验研究

为了研究多航态高速无人艇在不同吃水航态下的阻力性能以及运动特性,在半潜到水面航态范围内变换6个吃水状态进行模型阻力试验,试验速度涵盖排水航行到滑行状态范围,对每个吃水工况下的航行姿态、阻力性能进行分析研究。结果表明,该多航态高速无人艇在一定吃水范围内都有着较好的阻力性能以及良好的运动姿态,在中低速(Fr■<2.0)条件下,该模型在不同吃水下的运动姿态、阻力性能随航速的变化趋势一致,但在高速滑行(Fr■>3.0)条件下变化趋势有差异;剩余阻力占总阻力的比例Rr/Rt随着吃水的增加而不断增大,在相同吃水条件下Rr/Rt随着Fr■的增加呈现出先增大后减小的规律。

先进复合材料在军用固定翼飞机上的发展历程及前景展望

复合材料以其卓越的性能和优秀的可设计性成为令人瞩目的材料体系。先进树脂基复合材料是目前航空领域广泛使用的材料。本文回顾了先进复合材料在国外固定翼航空器上的发展历程,对其在国内外飞机上的应用进行了分析,最后结合其在国内固定翼航空器上的发展历程,分析了目前先进复合材料发展遇到的问题,并从复合材料设计、制造、人才建设、基础技术研究和理念等方面对复合材料行业迅速发展提出一些建议。

Design and test of a six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)electrostatic spraying system for crop protection

In recent years,multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)crop protection operations have experienced tremendous growth.Compared with manual operations,they have advantages such as high operational efficiency,small pesticide dosage,and low pesticide hazards for humans.However,the tiny droplets produced during UAV spraying for crop protection are affected by the rotor air flow and will drift in all directions in an uncontrollable manner,severely affecting the pesticide deposition pattern and resulting in pesticide waste.To improve pesticide use efficiency during multi-rotor UAV spraying,an electrostatic spray system was designed based on electrostatic spray technology and a six-rotor UAV.The proper operation parameters for the UAV electrostatic spray were determined by test,which were spray altitude of 50 cm above the crop,spray pressure of 0.3 MPa and charging voltage of 9 kV.Field test was performed based on these parameters.The results showed that compared with non-electrostatic spray,the electrostatic spray improved by 13.6%in the average deposition density above the sampling device and 32.6%in the middle.The research can provide a reference for designing multi-rotor UAV electrostatic spray devices.

Adaptive Attitude Control for Multi-MUAV Systems With Output Dead-Zone and Actuator Fault

Many mechanical parts of multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle(MUAV)can easily produce non-smooth phenomenon and the external disturbance that affects the stability of MUAV.For multi-MUAV attitude systems that experience output dead-zone,external disturbance and actuator fault,a leader-following consensus anti-disturbance and fault-tolerant control(FTC)scheme is proposed in this paper.In the design process,the effect of unknown nonlinearity in multi-MUAV systems is addressed using neural networks(NNs).In order to balance out the effects of external disturbance and actuator fault,a disturbance observer is designed to compensate for the aforementioned negative impacts.The Nussbaum function is used to address the problem of output dead-zone.The designed fault-tolerant controller guarantees that the output signals of all followers and leader are synchronized by the backstepping technique.Finally,the effectiveness of the control scheme is verified by simulation experiments.

单喷泵无人滑行艇航向的反步自适应滑模控制

针对单泵喷水推进型无人滑行艇航向跟踪的非线性系统控制问题,对无人滑行艇的运动稳定性分析表明,其具有水平面内的自动稳定性.考虑建模误差和外界干扰力影响下的滑行艇运动响应模型,基于backstepping方法和滑模控制理论,提出了一种自适应滑模控制律.利用Lyapunov函数,证明该控制律保证了航向跟踪系统的全局渐近稳定性.仿真对比结果验证了所提出控制器的有效性.

基于改进遗传算法的双体无人艇性能优化分析

基于并行策略遗传算法对双体无人艇性能进行综合优化分析。首先建立以快速性、操纵性、抗倾覆性和耐波性为目标函数的综合优化数学模型,并使用响应面拟合的方法建立了3种不同的阻力数据库,通过遗传算法对其进行优化分析选出一组最适合本文的阻力数据库。在此基础上选取5个设计变量作为敏感变量进行讨论,其中最为敏感的2个变量将进行并行策略运算,根据计算分析得到双体无人艇最终优化结果。通过以上计算不仅可证明所构建的优化软件可行性,同时还证明采用并行策略遗传算法可以有效提高算法的优化效果。

绿色能源双体无人艇艇型综合优化分析

为了实现绿色能源双体无人艇的艇型最优设计,本文对艇型设计的多目标策略和智能优化算法进行研究。首先综合考虑太阳能和风帆以及快速性、操纵性、耐波性和抗倾覆性四大性能对艇型设计的影响,建立综合优化数学模型;然后基于遗传算法改编的综合优化设计软件确定总目标函数最优情况下的遗传次数、种群规模、变异概率和交叉概率;最后采用外部分层策略对遗传算法结合粒子群和混沌算法,进行了混合算法的比较分析。结果表明,相比于单一遗传算法,混合算法的优化效果更好,且在不同载波概率情况下,遗传算法+粒子群算法的优化效果均为最佳,外部分层策略可以有效提高寻优效果。