Preparation, morphology and mechanical properties of acrylate-modified polyurethane/unsaturated polyester resin graft-IPNs

Acrylate modified polyurethane resin was first synthesized, and interpenetrated with unsaturated polyester resin to form IPNs and gradient IPNs which cured at room temperature. The polymerization process was traced by an IR spectroscopy technique and the simultaneous interpenetrating techniques were determined. The morphology of these IPNs were estimated by TMA and TEM methods. The results indicated that large amount of interpenetrating and entanglement make T g linked up effectively, and domains between two phases can be in nanometre ranges, which changed with composition ratios. The mechanical properties results showed that IPNs varied from elastomeric to plastic materials. It was noteworthy that, with the introduction of modified groups and the formation of graft construction in IPNs, the miscibility in the systems was improved a lot. These further led to the improved mechanical properties of IPNs with elastomer reinforced and plasticizer toughened as well. The reinforced miscibility between the networks can apparently change mechanical property especially for the gradient ones when the materials are elongated.

Synthesis of Antistatic Composite Based on Reaction Flame Retarding Unsaturated Polyester Resin

The synthesis of reaction flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin and the flame retarding mechanism are investigated.By taking the synthesis flame retarding unsaturated polyester resin as a base material,glass fibers as reinforced material,under the condition of adding graphite or carbon black respectively,the composites were manufactured.The flame retarding and antistatic properties are also studied.In the experiment,bromide-bearing flame retarding resin decomposed under a high temperature.Compound HBr was set out and retarded or stopped the flame.High concentration of HBr gas wall was formed between gas and solid phrases,which decreased flame.The results show that antistatic property of carbon black is higher than that of graphite.Adding a threshed value of 1% carbon black into composite,the antistatic property is at its highest value.

Structure and Properties of Modified Unsaturated Polyester Resin by Nano-TiO_2

The nano-TiO2/unsaturated polyester resin (referred to as nano-TiO2/UPR hereafter) was prepared with the 'reaction method', by which a chemical bond generated between nano-TiO2 and UP was inserted in the UP long chain. The performance of the nano-TiO2/UPR was determined by such a new structure. The research results showed that the reactivity of nano-TiO2/UPR is higher than that of UPR. The impact strength and bending strength of nano-TiO2/UPR are greatly enhanced as compared with that of UPR. Thermal resistance and dielectric property of nano-TiO2/UPR are the same as that of UPR.

Mechanism and Effectiveness of Reduction Action of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Reducer

The reduction action mechanism of unsaturated polyester resinreducer is analysed. The experimental results show that the activereducer bearing reactive functional group on the ends of moleculeseffectively lowers the curing shrinkage of unvaturated polyesterresin.

Mechanism of Reduction Action of Unsaturated Polyester Resin

The reduction action mechanism of the unsatrurated polyester resinreducer is analysed by the free space volume theory. Throughmeasuring the reduction magnitude in each phase of solidification,the authors predicted the rate of reduction is in concordance withthe results from experiments. From this we presented corre- spondingsolutions to different causes of the reduction action of theunsaturated polyester resin.

Improved flame resistance properties of unsaturated polyester resin with TiO2-MXOY solid superacid

Five SO4^2-/TiO2-MXOY solid super acids(SSA:Cu@Ti:SSA,Zr@Ti:SSA,Fe@Ti:SSA,Mn@Ti:SSA,Mo@Ti:SSA)were successfully prepared by sol-gel method,and its chemical structure and element content were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FHIR)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).Then,a compound flame retardant system containing SSA and ammonium polyphosphate/montmorillonite(AM)were was introduced into an unsaturated polyester resin(UPR)to enhance the flame retardance.The effect of SSA on the flammability and thermal stability of the UPR was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index(LOI),cone calorimeter te st(CCT)and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).The LOI results showed that the flame retardance of the UPR composites was significantly improved with the addition of SSA.Moreover,their heat release rate(HRR),total heat release(THR),the smoke production rate(SPR)and CO and CO2 yield were much decreased.In addition,the initial decomposition temperature of UPR/AM/S SA was delayed,indicating that their thermal stability was increased,and the residual char of UPR/AM/SSA was also increa sed due to strong catalytic of SSA ability for esterification and dehydration.Furthermore,the microstructure of the residual char after combustion of the UPR composites was studied by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and it was found that the char layer structure was more continuous and dense after the addition of the SSA.In sum up,the synergistic effect between SSA and AM was the main factor for the great improvement of flame retardant of UPR composites.

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Water Collector

The water collector is operated in the humid and hot environment of the cooling tower all the year round.It also needs to carry part of the weight of water and silt.Therefore,it is particularly critical to optimize the material of the water collector and improve its mechanical properties.Polyester,a general term of polymer obtained from polyols and polyacids,is a kind of engineering plastics with excellent properties and wide applications.Glass fiber is a reinforced plastic reinforcement material,and the biggest characteristic of it is the high tensile strength and good heat resistance.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composite material is prepared,its tensile properties and bending properties are tested,and the performance of the imported material JK2020B is compared and analyzed.The results show that the elastic modulus along the fiber direction is relatively high,but the interlayer force in the direction of thickness and width is very small.This review provides a guidance for production process.

Interface Enhancement of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites with Nano-Silica Treated Using Silane Coupling Agent

Nano-silica treated with different kinds of coupling agent （KH550, A-143, A-151） was used to modify the surface condition of glass fiber, and then, the modified glass fiber/unsaturated polyester resin （UPR） composites materials were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, dynamic mechanical analysis （DMA）, and impact test were used to characterize the composite materials＇ structure and properties. The morphology of composite materials shows that the adhesion between nano-silica and glass fiber is improved when silane coupling agent is added in. The DMA and impact test results show that silane coupling agent （especially KH550 and A-151） could effectively improve the composite＇s mechanical properties. When the dose of KH550 was 0.1% （m ： m）, the storage modulus and impact strength reached the maximum.

Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester Filled with Waste Coconut Shells, Walnut Shells, and Carbon Fibers

This study aims to evaluate the erosion behavior and the hardness of hybrid composites made of varying amounts of coconut shells,walnut shells,and carbonfibers dispersed in a polyester matrix.MINITAB(L16)Taguchi experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In particular,an erosion device con-sisting of a motor with a constantflow rate of 45 L/min,a pump with a diameter of 40 mm,a nozzle with a dia-meter of 5 mm,and a tank made of“perspex glass”55 cm long,30 cm tall,and 25 cm wide was used.The tests were conducted by varying the sample-to-nozzle distance,the pattern angle,and the sand particle size.The results have revealed that the presence of 7.5%by weight of waste coconut shell,for conditions corresponding to 90°angle,sand size 425μm,stand distance 30 cm,gives the best wear resistance(3.04×10^(-5) g/g).Thefiller content and sand particle size affect the erosive rate,with the angle playing a secondary role.The distance between the sample and the nozzle has a weaker effect on erosive wear.The hardness results show that the models(UP-5%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste coconut shell)give the best values for prayer compared to the samples(UP-5 wt.%carbonfiber-2.5-3.5-4.5-5.5-6.5-7.5 wt.%waste walnut shell).

Influence of Cobalte Octoate on Degree of Cure and Flexural Strength of an Unsaturated Polyester Resin

1 Introduction In the GRP (Glass fibre Reinforced Product) industry Cobalt Octoate is the promoter of choice for cross-linking unsaturated polyester (UPE) and styrene monomer.UPE's are often prepared to contain a concentration of 0.04%-0.05% of Cobalt ions so that faster cross-linking of the resin is achieved and ultimately faster manufacturing of the GRP component is achieved.These products sometimes fail prematurely after being manufactured and dispatched to the end user.The influence of Cobalt Octoat...

Liquid fragility of the unsaturated polyester resin

Curing behaviors of the unsaturated polyester resin （UPR） containing 1-1.8 wt% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide （MEKP） initia- tor are investigated. The viscosity, gelation and vitrification transition of the UPR-MEKP systems are examined using the ro- tating viscometer and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. A liquid fragility parameter, Me, defined as the viscosity varia- tion rate of the liquids towards the curing temperature is presented. It is found that Mc has a good negative relation with the glass transition temperature （Tg） in the systems. Mc can be used for predicting the stability of the cured amorphous systems. The relationship between the liquid and cured thermoset polymer systems is studied from both the thermodynamic and kinetic point of view.

高速列车用不饱和聚酯腻子的耐蚀性和老化机理

利用电化学阻抗谱、湿热老化等方法研究了不饱和聚酯腻子的耐蚀性和老化机理。结果表明:在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡6 h后,腐蚀溶液便渗入腻子/铝合金界面,并发生电化学腐蚀,不饱和聚酯腻子阻抗下降明显,防护能力下降较快;在湿热老化过程中,不饱和聚酯腻子光泽和色差逐渐增加,表面随着树脂的老化和降解变得光滑且局部产生空洞;不饱和聚酯腻子在老化初期存在着后固化现象;老化和降解更容易在芳香酯的位置发生。

马来酸酐增韧增强碳酸钙/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料

通过将马来酸酐直接加入到碳酸钙/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料中,分别利用马来酸酐和不饱和聚酯树脂中的苯乙烯可反应性,以及马来酸酐与碳酸钙颗粒的表面反应,实现界面增容,改善纳米碳酸钙在不饱和聚酯树脂中的分散性;力学性能测试结果表明:当马来酸酐的用量为8phr,纳米碳酸钙用量为10phr时,复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度均达到最大值,分别比复合材料基体提高了47.46%、47.02%和15.01%,实现了不饱和聚酯树脂的同时增韧增强;扫描电镜分析和DCS、DMA分析表明,加入马来酸酐后,不饱和树脂固化度得到提高,纳米碳酸钙在不饱和树脂中的分散性也显著改善,从而实现了树脂基体的同时增韧和增强。

间苯型不饱和聚酯树脂改性沥青桥面铺装研究

为提高桥面铺装层的抗裂性,同时减少坑槽等水损害病害的发生,本文开发了一种不饱和聚酯树脂(以下英文简称UP)改性沥青桥面铺装材料,并对其配比和性能进行研究。通过粘度、动态剪切流变(DSR)和拉伸试验确定最佳UP改性沥青材料配比,对改性沥青流变性能和拉伸性能进行测试,并对UP改性沥青桥面铺装材料进行路用性能对比评估。研究结果表明,UP改性沥青具有良好的高温流变性,明显优于SBS改性沥青,且UP改性沥青与环氧改性沥青相比,具有更好的柔韧性,且价格便宜,其成本仅为环氧沥青的57%。此外,经测试,UP改性沥青桥面铺装材料的抗拉性能、高温稳定性也明显优于SBS改性沥青混合料,且与环氧沥青混合料相比,具有更好的低温抗裂性与水稳定性。

再生石材用不饱和聚酯树脂固化特性研究

不饱和聚酯树脂作为粘结剂在人造大理石中得到大量应用。采用Gelprof518树脂反应行为分析仪研究了不饱和聚酯树脂在不同固化剂添加量、不同种类固化剂及复配固化剂对树脂凝胶反应的固化特性,探究固化剂添加量及固化剂种类对固化反应速率的影响。结果表明:固化剂类型、添加量和温度对固化反应速率和反应程度有显著影响,在实际应用中须根据具体应用需求进行选择。

不同实验原料条件对不饱和聚酯树脂性能的影响分析研究

通用树脂有苯乙烯挥发性,耐腐蚀性能差、气干性不良、易形成裂纹等缺陷,加入双环戊二烯进行改性,树脂的固化速度差异不大,同时树脂具有很好的韧性,由于DCPD树脂与苯乙烯有较好的相容性,可以降低苯乙烯含量,树脂黏度没有较大的变化。本研究采用催化水解加成法研究了“工业级”双环戊二烯为主要原料合成不饱和聚酯树脂的新工艺及性能。双环戊二烯的含量低于80%,研究了各种影响因素,得出最佳的主要工艺条件,对促进新工艺的研究和生产具有重要的意义。

不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层与改性双基推进剂的化学相容性研究

利用差式扫描量热法(DSC)和真空安定性法(VST)研究了分别以氢氧化铝(ATH)、六(4-醛基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNCHO)、六(4-羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNOH)和六(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNBr)为填料的四种不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层(UP-1,UP-2、UP-3和UP-4)与改性双基推进剂主要组分硝化甘油(NG)、硝化棉(NC)、黑索今(RDX)和奥克托今(HMX)及典型改性双基推进剂的相容性。DSC测试结果表明,UP-1、UP-2、UP-3与改性双基推进剂的主要组分NC、NG、RDX和HMX均具有良好的化学相容性,而UP-4与RDX属于轻微敏感;VST测试结果表明,UP-1、UP-2和UP-3与粒铸改性双基推进剂、浇铸改性双基推进剂均具有良好的化学相容性,UP-4/粒铸改性双基推进剂混合体系和UP-4/浇铸改性双基推进剂混合体系属于中等反应等级。

填料对不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层耐热性影响研究

选择氢氧化铝、六(4-醛基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNCHO)、六(4-羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNOH)、六(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)环三磷腈(PNBr)、联二脲(DBH)和八苯基聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)作为不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层的填料,经复配、固化,制备出不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层,分别考察了填料种类和用量对不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层的热导率、线膨胀系数和动态热失重性能的影响。结果表明,填料可使不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层的热导率提高,且热导率随填料用量的增加和填料粒径的增大而升高;不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层的线膨胀系数随填料用量的增加而降低。而当填料用量相同时,大粒径填料填充的包覆层的线膨胀系数均比小粒径填料填充的高。PNCHO、PNOH、PNBr和POSS均能够明显提高不饱和聚酯树脂包覆层的耐热性。

墨水直写打印树脂固化行为与力学性能对比

为提升墨水直写打印不饱和聚酯树脂的成形效率与质量,研究加热、红外与紫外三种后固化方式作用下材料的固化行为与力学性能。利用介电固化监测仪测定材料在固化过程中的离子黏度,并计算转化率,利用万能试验机测试墨水直写打印材料固化后的拉伸和弯曲性能。结果表明,与热固化、红外固化相比,紫外固化表现出特征完全不同的离子黏度曲线。热固化达到完全固化(转化率≥90%)所需时间为87.1 min,红外固化为33.7 min,紫外固化为4.1 min,紫外固化具有最高的成形效率。紫外固化试件拉伸强度达48.06 MPa,拉伸弹性模量达678.16 MPa,弯曲强度达38.52 MPa,弯曲弹性模量达484.31 MPa,以上各项指标均优于红外与加热后固化处理的试件。因此,在墨水直写打印不饱和聚酯树脂的三种后固化方式中,采用紫外光固化不仅效率更高、而且质量好,是最佳选择。

低苯乙烯挥发不饱和聚酯树脂的制备及性能

针对不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)中苯乙烯易挥发,对操作人员身体健康造成危害的不足,采用在UPR中添加有机蒙脱土(OMMT)的方法,抑制苯乙烯挥发,从而制备出低苯乙烯挥发的UPR。研究表明,OMMT可以明显降低UPR中的苯乙烯挥发,在1%质量分数的添加量下,即可将UPR在静置和固化阶段的苯乙烯挥发量降低73%和88.5%。与UPR中直接添加OMMT的工艺相比,采用将苯乙烯与OMMT混合后,再与不饱和聚酯(UP)混合的工艺,更有利于抑制苯乙烯挥发。X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜测试表明:UPR分子链可进入OMMT片层间,使得其层间距增大,甚至剥离。OMMT通过吸附苯乙烯,并延缓其扩散,抑制UPR中苯乙烯挥发。系统研究了OMMT对UPR加工性能和力学性能的影响,发现1%的OMMT不仅对UPR的可加工性能、透光性影响较小,还可提高UPR拉伸强度和冲击强度。