Characteristics of Airgun Signals Excited in the Yangtze River from Analysis of Data from Permanent Stations

The Anhui Experiment, a pilot experiment of "Yangtze River Geoscience Project "conducted in October,2015,is a large active-source experiment using airgun sources. It was the first 3-dimensional seismic survey with active sources in the Yangtze River. The sources are airguns in 20 fixed shot points,and the observation system consists mainly of109 permanent stations and 11 wide-angle profiles. Using the data from permanent stations,we investigated the seismic signals generated by airgun sources in the Yangtze River. The results show that the airgun signals are observable in the records from permanent stations to a maximum distance of 300 km. Further analysis on absolute amplitude of airgun signals shows that:( 1) the strength of airgun signals is of the order of10 nm at 50 km away from the source,and then,decreases significantly to less than 1nm at 200 km;( 2) an azimuthal anisotropy is observed in spatial distribution of the strength of airgun signals,which may be related to the geometry of Yangtze River; and( 3) a low ambient noise level is essential for retrieving weak airgun signals from the records,and the high-quality China National Seismic Network and regional networks offer a great opportunity to retrieving airgun signals with amplitude as small as nanometers.

Attenuation Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motion for Large Volume Airgun

In order to further deepen the understanding of seismic wave propagation characteristics induced by the large volume airgun source,experimental data from multiple fixed excitation points in Fujian Province were used to obtain the equivalent single excitation high signal-to-noise ratio velocity and displacement records through linear stacking and simulation techniques.Then the peak displacements of different epicentral distances were used to calculate the equivalent magnitude of the airgun source excitation at different fixed excitation points so as to establish the attenuation relationship between equivalent magnitude,epicenter distance and velocity peak.Our results show that:①Within 270 km of epicentral distance,for the large-volume airgun’s single shot,the peak velocity range is about 700-4 nm/s,and the peak displacement range is about 200.0-0.2 nm;②The equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 8,000 in 3 is 0.181-0.760,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.294-0.832.By contrast,the equivalent magnitude of the P-wave from the airgun source with a total capacity of 12,000 in 3 is 0.533-0.896,and the equivalent magnitude of the S-wave is 0.611-0.946.The S-wave energy is greater than the P-wave energy,and the excitation efficiency varies greatly with different excitation environment;③The peak velocity increases with the equivalent magnitude,and decreases with the epicentral distance.The vertical component of the P-wave peak velocity is the largest among those three components,while the S-wave has the smallest vertical component and similar horizontal components.Hence,our research can provide an important basis for the quantitative judgment of the seismic wave propagation distance using the airgun and the design of the observation system in deep exploration or monitoring with airgun.

非调制大容量气枪信号处理中反褶积方法的对比研究

利用云南宾川主动源资料,对比分析了阻尼系数法、水准法、最小二乘法、时间域迭代法以及维纳法去除气枪信号震源响应的效果。结果表明:①在参数选择正确时,以上方法得到的波形差异不大。其中阻尼系数法、水准法参数选取难度最大,最小二乘法虽然能够自动找到最优解,但步长设置过小时,计算效率低,步长设置过大时,易出现假极值点。时间域迭代法及维纳法的参数对结果的影响相对较小。②对于高信噪比叠加信号,时间域迭代法得到的信号信噪比最高,计算时间对比其他方法增加不大,是一种较好的反褶积方法。对于单枪低信噪比信号,当只需要到时信息时,可使用时间域迭代法,但需波形信息时,从波形的可信度及计算效率上考虑,维纳法是更加折中的方法。