Background:Methodological applications of the high sensitivity genus-specific Schistosoma CAA strip test,allowing detection of single worm active infections(ultimate sensitivity),are discussed for efficient utilizatio...Background:Methodological applications of the high sensitivity genus-specific Schistosoma CAA strip test,allowing detection of single worm active infections(ultimate sensitivity),are discussed for efficient utilization in sample pooling strategies.Besides relevant cost reduction,pooling of samples rather than individual testing can provide valuable data for large scale mapping,surveillance,and monitoring.Method:The laboratory-based CAA strip test utilizes luminescent quantitative up-converting phosphor(UCP)reporter particles and a rapid user-friendly lateral flow(LF)assay format.The test includes a sample preparation step that permits virtually unlimited sample concentration with urine,reaching ultimate sensitivity(single worm detection)at 100%specificity.This facilitates testing large urine pools from many individuals with minimal loss of sensitivity and specificity.The test determines the average CAA level of the individuals in the pool thus indicating overall worm burden and prevalence.When requiring test results at the individual level,smaller pools need to be analysed with the pool-size based on expected prevalence or when unknown,on the average CAA level of a larger group;CAA negative pools do not require individual test results and thus reduce the number of tests.Results:Straightforward pooling strategies indicate that at sub-population level the CAA strip test is an efficient assay for general mapping,identification of hotspots,determination of stratified infection levels,and accurate monitoring of mass drug administrations(MDA).At the individual level,the number of tests can be reduced i.e.in low endemic settings as the pool size can be increased as opposed to prevalence decrease.Conclusions:At the sub-population level,average CAA concentrations determined in urine pools can be an appropriate measure indicating worm burden.Pooling strategies allowing this type of large scale testing are feasible with the various CAA strip test formats and do not affect sensitivity and specificity.It allows cost efficient stratified testing and monitoring of worm burden at the sub-population level,ideally for large-scale surveillance generating hard data for performance of MDA programs and strategic planning when moving towards transmission-stop and elimination.展开更多
Moderate level of exposure to the solar irradiation containing UV component is essential for health care. To incorporate the UV-emitting phosphors into the commercial YAG-based white light-emitting diode introduces th...Moderate level of exposure to the solar irradiation containing UV component is essential for health care. To incorporate the UV-emitting phosphors into the commercial YAG-based white light-emitting diode introduces the possibilities of healthy illumination to individuals＇ daily lives. 1 mol.% E3＊-doped BaGd2ZnO5（BGZ） particles were synthesized via sol-gel method and efficient up-converted luminescence peaked at 380 nm was detected under 480 nm excitation. The mixed phosphors with varied mass ratio of Er3＋：BGZ and Ce3＋：YAG particles were encapsulated to form LEDs. The study of the LEDs indicated that the introduction of BGZ component favored the enhancement of color-rendering index and the neutralization of the white light emitting. The WLED with the BGZ/YAG ratio of 8：2 was recommendable for its excellent overall white light luminous performances and UV intensity of 84.55 mW/cm2. The UV illumination dose of the WLEDs with mixed YAG and BGZ was controllable by adjusting the ratio, the illumination distance and the illumination time. Er3＋：BGZ phosphors are promising UV- emitting phosphors for healthy indoor illumination.展开更多
为应对日益增长的高增益DC-DC转换的需求,如新能源并网、电动汽车应用、航空航天等,利用磁耦合技术设计三绕组耦合电感,结合开关电容结构,提出一种低电压应力三绕组耦合电感高增益DC-DC变换器,其具备电压增益高、元器件电压应力低、多...为应对日益增长的高增益DC-DC转换的需求,如新能源并网、电动汽车应用、航空航天等,利用磁耦合技术设计三绕组耦合电感,结合开关电容结构,提出一种低电压应力三绕组耦合电感高增益DC-DC变换器,其具备电压增益高、元器件电压应力低、多个二极管均具有软开关特性的优点。对该变换器进行模态分析,推导了电压增益公式,获得了各器件的电压和平均电流应力。最后设计了一款120 W的实验样机,实现了386/23.8 V DC-DC的电压转换,验证了理论分析和变换器的可行性。展开更多
基金Part of this work related to UCP-LF CAA testing,received financial support from the University of Georgia Research Foundation,Inc.(Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation[SCORE]project).
文摘Background:Methodological applications of the high sensitivity genus-specific Schistosoma CAA strip test,allowing detection of single worm active infections(ultimate sensitivity),are discussed for efficient utilization in sample pooling strategies.Besides relevant cost reduction,pooling of samples rather than individual testing can provide valuable data for large scale mapping,surveillance,and monitoring.Method:The laboratory-based CAA strip test utilizes luminescent quantitative up-converting phosphor(UCP)reporter particles and a rapid user-friendly lateral flow(LF)assay format.The test includes a sample preparation step that permits virtually unlimited sample concentration with urine,reaching ultimate sensitivity(single worm detection)at 100%specificity.This facilitates testing large urine pools from many individuals with minimal loss of sensitivity and specificity.The test determines the average CAA level of the individuals in the pool thus indicating overall worm burden and prevalence.When requiring test results at the individual level,smaller pools need to be analysed with the pool-size based on expected prevalence or when unknown,on the average CAA level of a larger group;CAA negative pools do not require individual test results and thus reduce the number of tests.Results:Straightforward pooling strategies indicate that at sub-population level the CAA strip test is an efficient assay for general mapping,identification of hotspots,determination of stratified infection levels,and accurate monitoring of mass drug administrations(MDA).At the individual level,the number of tests can be reduced i.e.in low endemic settings as the pool size can be increased as opposed to prevalence decrease.Conclusions:At the sub-population level,average CAA concentrations determined in urine pools can be an appropriate measure indicating worm burden.Pooling strategies allowing this type of large scale testing are feasible with the various CAA strip test formats and do not affect sensitivity and specificity.It allows cost efficient stratified testing and monitoring of worm burden at the sub-population level,ideally for large-scale surveillance generating hard data for performance of MDA programs and strategic planning when moving towards transmission-stop and elimination.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51472263 and 51572175）, the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds （1501131C）, and the Shanghai Planned Projects for Young Teacher Training of Universities （ZZyy15087）.
文摘Moderate level of exposure to the solar irradiation containing UV component is essential for health care. To incorporate the UV-emitting phosphors into the commercial YAG-based white light-emitting diode introduces the possibilities of healthy illumination to individuals＇ daily lives. 1 mol.% E3＊-doped BaGd2ZnO5（BGZ） particles were synthesized via sol-gel method and efficient up-converted luminescence peaked at 380 nm was detected under 480 nm excitation. The mixed phosphors with varied mass ratio of Er3＋：BGZ and Ce3＋：YAG particles were encapsulated to form LEDs. The study of the LEDs indicated that the introduction of BGZ component favored the enhancement of color-rendering index and the neutralization of the white light emitting. The WLED with the BGZ/YAG ratio of 8：2 was recommendable for its excellent overall white light luminous performances and UV intensity of 84.55 mW/cm2. The UV illumination dose of the WLEDs with mixed YAG and BGZ was controllable by adjusting the ratio, the illumination distance and the illumination time. Er3＋：BGZ phosphors are promising UV- emitting phosphors for healthy indoor illumination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20876125)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20096101110013)Northwest University Graduate Cross-discipline Funds(Nos.09YJC24 and 09YJC27)
文摘新奇起来变换的黄磷， NaxAlyFx+3y/CaF2 (0.3 < x < 0.5， 0 < y < 0.1 ) 合成，被一个热水的过程在 180 湲獥准备？
文摘为应对日益增长的高增益DC-DC转换的需求,如新能源并网、电动汽车应用、航空航天等,利用磁耦合技术设计三绕组耦合电感,结合开关电容结构,提出一种低电压应力三绕组耦合电感高增益DC-DC变换器,其具备电压增益高、元器件电压应力低、多个二极管均具有软开关特性的优点。对该变换器进行模态分析,推导了电压增益公式,获得了各器件的电压和平均电流应力。最后设计了一款120 W的实验样机,实现了386/23.8 V DC-DC的电压转换,验证了理论分析和变换器的可行性。
