webPDM Version 6.1 demonstrates Gerber Technology’s commitmentto enhance,support and maintain its Product Data Management(PDM) application Tolland,Connecticut,USA-Gerber Technology announces the
The recent steel boom was characterized by a steep increase in world wide hot-rolling capacity.Still new hot-rolling mills are scheduled to start production during the coming years.Existing plants,which may be in oper...The recent steel boom was characterized by a steep increase in world wide hot-rolling capacity.Still new hot-rolling mills are scheduled to start production during the coming years.Existing plants,which may be in operation since decades,have to compete with brand-new equipment and technology in terms of product quality and production efficiency.SMS Siemag have developed and successfully applied overall modernization concepts for hot-rolling mills as well as well-defined upgrade packages dedicated particularly to the improvement of product quality and the enlargement of product range.This paper describes the general methods of how SMS Siemag approaches hot-rolling mill modernization projects for maximum customer benefit and describes examples for overall modernization concepts as well as for powerful upgrade packages which have been put into operation during the recent years.展开更多
To produce paraffin from hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid,model compound of bio-oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)of microalgae has been an attractive focus in recent years.In order to avoid en...To produce paraffin from hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid,model compound of bio-oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)of microalgae has been an attractive focus in recent years.In order to avoid energy-intensive separation process of water and bio-oil,it is of importance that deoxygenation upgrading of fatty acids under hydrothermal conditions similar to HTL process.Herein,it is the first time to explore the application of activated carbon(AC)-supported non-noble-metal catalysts,such as Ni,Co,and Mo,and so on,in the hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of long-chain fatty acids,and the obtained Ni/AC-H(the Ni/AC was further H_(2)pre-reduced)is one of the best catalysts.In addition,it is found that the catalytic activity can be further improved by H_(2)pre-reduction of catalyst.Characterization results that are more low valences of nickel and oxygen vacancy can be obtained after H_(2)pre-reduction,thus significant promoting the deoxygenation especially the decarbonylation pathway of fatty acids.The total alkanes yield can reaches 95.9%at optimal conditions(280℃,360 min).This work confirmed that the low-priced AC-supported non-noble-metal catalysts have great potential compared with the noble-metal catalyst,in hydrothermal upgrading of bio-oil.展开更多
Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure...Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.展开更多
China has made great achievements in industrial development and is transforming into a powerful manufacturing country.Meanwhile,the industrial land scale is also expanding.However,whether industrial structure upgradin...China has made great achievements in industrial development and is transforming into a powerful manufacturing country.Meanwhile,the industrial land scale is also expanding.However,whether industrial structure upgrading achieves the purpose of restraining industrial land expansion remains unanswered.By calculating the industrial land structure index(ILSI)and industrial land expansion scale(ILES),this study analyzed their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics at both regional and city levels from 2007to 2020 in China.Results show that industrial land expansion presents a different trend in the four regions,the ILES in the eastern region is the largest,and the speed of industrial land expansion has declined since 2013,but it has gradually increased since 2016.The ILSI of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of the western and northeastern regions.Furthermore,a spatial Durbin model(SDM)has been established to estimate the spatial effect of industrial structure upgrading on industrial land expansion from 2007 to2020.Notably,industrial structure upgrading has not slowed industrial land expansion.The eastern and western regions require a greater amount of industrial land while upgrading the industrial structure.The improvement of the infrastructure level and international trade level has promoted industrial land expansion.展开更多
The advent of Industry 4.0 has compelled businesses to adopt digital approaches that combine software toenhance production efficiency. In this rapidly evolving market, software development is an ongoing process thatmu...The advent of Industry 4.0 has compelled businesses to adopt digital approaches that combine software toenhance production efficiency. In this rapidly evolving market, software development is an ongoing process thatmust be tailored to meet the dynamic needs of enterprises. However, internal research and development can beprohibitively expensive, driving many enterprises to outsource software development and upgrades to externalservice providers. This paper presents a software upgrade outsourcing model for enterprises and service providersthat accounts for the impact of market fluctuations on software adaptability. To mitigate the risk of adverseselection due to asymmetric information about the service provider’s cost and asymmetric information aboutthe enterprise’s revenues, we propose pay-per-time and revenue-sharing contracts in two distinct informationasymmetry scenarios. These two contracts specify the time and transfer payments for software upgrades. Througha comparative analysis of the optimal solutions under the two contracts and centralized decision-making withfull-information, we examine the characteristics of the solutions under two information asymmetry scenarios andanalyze the incentive effects of the two contracts on the various stakeholders. Overall, our study offers valuableinsights for firms seeking to optimize their outsourcing strategies and maximize their returns on investment insoftware upgrades.展开更多
The mobility and interaction between urban and rural areas are becoming more and more intensive,and their links and exchanges are increasingly closer due to constant flow of factors such as information,capital,personn...The mobility and interaction between urban and rural areas are becoming more and more intensive,and their links and exchanges are increasingly closer due to constant flow of factors such as information,capital,personnel and technology.In this context,the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”can promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas,improve the consumption environment and experience,and promote the industrial upgrading and technological progress.To realize the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”,it is necessary to explore and innovate in infrastructure construction,information technology application,industrial cooperation and cultural exchanges.Government departments,enterprises and social organizations also need to work together to give play to their respective advantages and jointly promote the process of element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”.展开更多
A formerly resource-intensive city is pursuing high-quality development by upgrading its manufacturing sector.THE city of Zaozhuang in east China’s Shandong Province,with its abundant mineral resources especially coa...A formerly resource-intensive city is pursuing high-quality development by upgrading its manufacturing sector.THE city of Zaozhuang in east China’s Shandong Province,with its abundant mineral resources especially coal reserves,once made significant contribution to the national economic growth and social development.展开更多
Industrial parks are important drivers of national and regional economic development and shoulder important responsibilities in terms of industrial transformation and upgrading.They are particularly effective at culti...Industrial parks are important drivers of national and regional economic development and shoulder important responsibilities in terms of industrial transformation and upgrading.They are particularly effective at cultivating emerging industries and fostering the elements of innovation.In recent years,the Lancang-Mekong region has developed multiple types of industrial parks,which have gradually evolved into park clusters capable of enhancing social and economic development in the region.展开更多
Since 2012,China has made historic achievements in pursuing high-quality economic development.It has accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading by advancing the integrated development of industrialization and...Since 2012,China has made historic achievements in pursuing high-quality economic development.It has accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading by advancing the integrated development of industrialization and informatization,and of manufacturing and service industries,so as to gather strength through new drivers.It has adhered to the innovation-driven development in strategic emerging industries,while also cultivating future industries,and expanding new fields and tracks for further development.展开更多
Economic development has brought about global greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has brought about global climate change. This research paper aims to compare the strengths and weaknesses that China has demonstrat...Economic development has brought about global greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has brought about global climate change. This research paper aims to compare the strengths and weaknesses that China has demonstrated in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy and to summarise the valuable experience that China can provide to the world in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy. This essay analyses in depth the advantages that China has shown in the areas of renewable energy use and government mechanisms, as well as the shortcomings that it has shown in the areas of eco-efficiency industrial structure and capacity upgrading. Then, the paper summarises the successful experiences of the Chinese government in the establishment of renewable energy use and governmental mechanisms, such as the local government’s ability to coordinate multiple sectors (industrial sector, energy sector, etc.) and the implementation of responsibilities. In comparison, the paper also further discusses that China’s implementation of a low-carbon strategy in the future may have more eco-efficiency, industrial structure and capacity upgrading.展开更多
With the rapid development of the social economy,science and technology continue to upgrade and optimize,ushering in the digital era,which provides technical support for industrial innovation and development across al...With the rapid development of the social economy,science and technology continue to upgrade and optimize,ushering in the digital era,which provides technical support for industrial innovation and development across all sectors.At this stage,vigorously developing the digital economy has gradually become the only means to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure.Therefore,local leaders and relevant departments need to enhance the importance of constructing the digital economy,enabling the local industrial structure to be optimized and upgraded under the impetus of the digital economy,ultimately promoting overall economic high-quality development.To this end,this paper,combined with existing research results,first elaborates on the positive impact of the digital economy on the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.It then analyzes the challenges hindering the process of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and proposes practical pathways to address them,benefiting relevant stakeholders.展开更多
This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspe...This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.展开更多
A non-invasive software upgrade method for permanent implantable medical devices was developed to alleviate patients' suffering due to malfunctions because of software faults,which may cause serious adverse health co...A non-invasive software upgrade method for permanent implantable medical devices was developed to alleviate patients' suffering due to malfunctions because of software faults,which may cause serious adverse health consequences or require enhancements with new software.The programs distributed to the internal implantable pulse generator(IPG) from the external programmer have been developed so that the upgrade service program in the IPG is simplified with most complex functions executed by the external programmer.A bidirectional protocol including frame definition and transmission mode was designed to insure secure upgrades.A neuro-stimulator was used to verify the upgrade solution with no additional elements,to maintain the hardware reliability.This study emphasizes how to insure a secure and stable upgrade process and reduce power consumption for special wireless and life safety-critical applications.Tests on rhesus monkeys to evaluate the feasibility of the approach for an IPG used for brain stimulation evaluation show that the software upgrade can be implemented stably with good tolerance to the wireless data transmissions.展开更多
Digital village construction opens a new vista for fulfilling consumption capabilities and optimizing consumption patterns in rural areas.For this research,we used the microdata on rural households from the 2019 China...Digital village construction opens a new vista for fulfilling consumption capabilities and optimizing consumption patterns in rural areas.For this research,we used the microdata on rural households from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)to conduct an empirical examination of the impact of digital village construction on the upgrading of rural household consumption and its possible influence mechanisms in the endogenous switching regression(ESR)model.Our research findings can be summarized in three points.First,digital village construction has significantly contributed positive contributions to the improvements and upgrading of rural household consumption.Second,digital village construction can help upgrade rural household consumption by increasing their participation in online shopping and expanding online shopping channels.Third,digital village construction means different things to rural households at different levels of risk exposure,with its facilitation to consumption upgrades in proportion to income risks facing rural households.Our research findings,which came from an extensive,in-depth exploration of the factors influencing rural household consumption,are of practical significance and policy value to the stimulating and fulfilling of consumption potentials among rural households.展开更多
Objective:To assess the concordance of tumour grade in specimens obtained from diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy and transurethral resection of bladder tumour(TURBT)and explore the risk factors of upgrading.Methods:The me...Objective:To assess the concordance of tumour grade in specimens obtained from diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy and transurethral resection of bladder tumour(TURBT)and explore the risk factors of upgrading.Methods:The medical records of 205 outpatients who underwent diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy before initial TURBT were retrospectively reviewed.Comparative analysis of the tumour grade of biopsy and operation specimens was performed.Tumour grade changing from low-grade to high-grade with or without variant histology was defined as upgrading.Logistic regression an-alyses were performed to identify the risk factors of upgrading.Results:For the 205 patients,the concordance of tumour grade between specimens obtained from biopsy and operation was 0.639.The concordance for patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with low-grade and high-grade was 0.504 and 0.912,respectively.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age,tumour multifocality,high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)were significantly associated with upgrading(odds ratio ranging from 0.412 to 4.364).The area under the curve of the different multivariate models was improved from 0.752 to 0.821,and decision curve analysis demonstrated a high net benefit when NLR,LMR,and PLR were added.Conclusion:Diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy may not accurately represent the true grade of primary bladder cancer,especially for outpatients with low-grade bladder cancer.Moreover,older age,tumour multifocality,high NLR,PLR,and low LMR are risk factors of upgrading,and systemic inflammatory markers improve the predictive ability.展开更多
As one of the important aspects of upgrading coal tar,the ultra-deep removal of metal ions via the complexation method was investigated by screening four complexing agents and performing density functional theory(DFT)...As one of the important aspects of upgrading coal tar,the ultra-deep removal of metal ions via the complexation method was investigated by screening four complexing agents and performing density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Analysis of the compositions and contents of the metallic compounds in the coal tar revealed that the main components were iron and calcium naphthenates.Direct filtration reduced the mechanical impurity content from 0.24%to 0.0752%,indicating that most of the large particles could be easily removed.Among the four complexing agents,namely,acetic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,oxalic acid exhibited the best demetallization performance.The DFT simulations suggested that the high performance of oxalic acid originated from its 1:1 coordination mode,rigid dicarboxyl structure,and greater binding energy.展开更多
The technical feasibility of in situ upgrading technology to develop the enormous oil and gas resource potential in low-maturity shale is widely acknowledged.However,because of the large quantities of energy required ...The technical feasibility of in situ upgrading technology to develop the enormous oil and gas resource potential in low-maturity shale is widely acknowledged.However,because of the large quantities of energy required to heat shale,its economic feasibility is still a matter of debate and has yet to be convincingly demonstrated quantitatively.Based on the energy conservation law,the energy acquisition of oil and gas generation and the energy consumption of organic matter cracking,shale heat-absorption,and surrounding rock heat dissipation during in situ heating were evaluated in this study.The energy consumption ratios for different conditions were determined,and the factors that influence them were analyzed.The results show that the energy consumption ratio increases rapidly with increasing total organic carbon(TOC)content.For oil-prone shales,the TOC content corresponding to an energy consumption ratio of 3 is approximately 4.2%.This indicates that shale with a high TOC content can be expected to reduce the project cost through large-scale operation,making the energy consumption ratio after consideration of the project cost greater than 1.In situ heating and upgrading technology can achieve economic benefits.The main methods for improving the economic feasibility by analyzing factors that influence the energy consumption ratio include the following:(1)exploring technologies that efficiently heat shale but reduce the heat dissipation of surrounding rocks,(2)exploring technologies for efficient transformation of organic matter into oil and gas,i.e.,exploring technologies with catalytic effects,or the capability to reduce in situ heating time,and(3)establishing a horizontal well deployment technology that comprehensively considers the energy consumption ratio,time cost,and engineering cost.展开更多
The rural revitalization strategy aims to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas and promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.With the continuous advancement of the Fourth Industrial...The rural revitalization strategy aims to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas and promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.With the continuous advancement of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and breakthroughs in technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data,and blockchain,the traditional circulation industry is undergoing intelligent and digital transformation and upgrade.The digital development of agricultural product circulation will be a significant boost for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the future.However,taking full advantage of the productive capacity of digitalized agricultural product circulation is currently accompanied by both opportunities and challenges.This article first analyzes the current status of digital development in circulation in China,provides a detailed analysis of the advantages and opportunities of digital circulation in the context of rural revitalization,and examines the shortcomings and challenges that may be faced behind these opportunities.Finally,the article proposes relevant policy recommendations to address the existing issues and promote the development of digitalized rural circulation.展开更多
In recent years,driven jointly by the speeding-up of technological evolution and growing diversified demand,intelligent hardware products have been upgrading rapidly towards becoming high end and diversified,and are w...In recent years,driven jointly by the speeding-up of technological evolution and growing diversified demand,intelligent hardware products have been upgrading rapidly towards becoming high end and diversified,and are widely applied in various sectors of economic production and household consumption.展开更多
文摘webPDM Version 6.1 demonstrates Gerber Technology’s commitmentto enhance,support and maintain its Product Data Management(PDM) application Tolland,Connecticut,USA-Gerber Technology announces the
文摘The recent steel boom was characterized by a steep increase in world wide hot-rolling capacity.Still new hot-rolling mills are scheduled to start production during the coming years.Existing plants,which may be in operation since decades,have to compete with brand-new equipment and technology in terms of product quality and production efficiency.SMS Siemag have developed and successfully applied overall modernization concepts for hot-rolling mills as well as well-defined upgrade packages dedicated particularly to the improvement of product quality and the enlargement of product range.This paper describes the general methods of how SMS Siemag approaches hot-rolling mill modernization projects for maximum customer benefit and describes examples for overall modernization concepts as well as for powerful upgrade packages which have been put into operation during the recent years.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(21838006,21776159)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1902101)。
文摘To produce paraffin from hydrogenation/deoxygenation of palmitic acid,model compound of bio-oil obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)of microalgae has been an attractive focus in recent years.In order to avoid energy-intensive separation process of water and bio-oil,it is of importance that deoxygenation upgrading of fatty acids under hydrothermal conditions similar to HTL process.Herein,it is the first time to explore the application of activated carbon(AC)-supported non-noble-metal catalysts,such as Ni,Co,and Mo,and so on,in the hydrothermal hydrogenation/deoxygenation of long-chain fatty acids,and the obtained Ni/AC-H(the Ni/AC was further H_(2)pre-reduced)is one of the best catalysts.In addition,it is found that the catalytic activity can be further improved by H_(2)pre-reduction of catalyst.Characterization results that are more low valences of nickel and oxygen vacancy can be obtained after H_(2)pre-reduction,thus significant promoting the deoxygenation especially the decarbonylation pathway of fatty acids.The total alkanes yield can reaches 95.9%at optimal conditions(280℃,360 min).This work confirmed that the low-priced AC-supported non-noble-metal catalysts have great potential compared with the noble-metal catalyst,in hydrothermal upgrading of bio-oil.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975212)the Industry Leading Key Projects of Fujian Province(2022H0057)the High-level talent start-up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology for financial support。
文摘Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72074181)National Social Science Foundation of China(No.20CJY023)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(No.2021KJXX-12)。
文摘China has made great achievements in industrial development and is transforming into a powerful manufacturing country.Meanwhile,the industrial land scale is also expanding.However,whether industrial structure upgrading achieves the purpose of restraining industrial land expansion remains unanswered.By calculating the industrial land structure index(ILSI)and industrial land expansion scale(ILES),this study analyzed their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics at both regional and city levels from 2007to 2020 in China.Results show that industrial land expansion presents a different trend in the four regions,the ILES in the eastern region is the largest,and the speed of industrial land expansion has declined since 2013,but it has gradually increased since 2016.The ILSI of the eastern and central regions is higher than that of the western and northeastern regions.Furthermore,a spatial Durbin model(SDM)has been established to estimate the spatial effect of industrial structure upgrading on industrial land expansion from 2007 to2020.Notably,industrial structure upgrading has not slowed industrial land expansion.The eastern and western regions require a greater amount of industrial land while upgrading the industrial structure.The improvement of the infrastructure level and international trade level has promoted industrial land expansion.
文摘The advent of Industry 4.0 has compelled businesses to adopt digital approaches that combine software toenhance production efficiency. In this rapidly evolving market, software development is an ongoing process thatmust be tailored to meet the dynamic needs of enterprises. However, internal research and development can beprohibitively expensive, driving many enterprises to outsource software development and upgrades to externalservice providers. This paper presents a software upgrade outsourcing model for enterprises and service providersthat accounts for the impact of market fluctuations on software adaptability. To mitigate the risk of adverseselection due to asymmetric information about the service provider’s cost and asymmetric information aboutthe enterprise’s revenues, we propose pay-per-time and revenue-sharing contracts in two distinct informationasymmetry scenarios. These two contracts specify the time and transfer payments for software upgrades. Througha comparative analysis of the optimal solutions under the two contracts and centralized decision-making withfull-information, we examine the characteristics of the solutions under two information asymmetry scenarios andanalyze the incentive effects of the two contracts on the various stakeholders. Overall, our study offers valuableinsights for firms seeking to optimize their outsourcing strategies and maximize their returns on investment insoftware upgrades.
基金General Program of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8212009)2023 Organized Scientific Research Project of North China University of Technology(110051360023XN278).
文摘The mobility and interaction between urban and rural areas are becoming more and more intensive,and their links and exchanges are increasingly closer due to constant flow of factors such as information,capital,personnel and technology.In this context,the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”can promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas,improve the consumption environment and experience,and promote the industrial upgrading and technological progress.To realize the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”,it is necessary to explore and innovate in infrastructure construction,information technology application,industrial cooperation and cultural exchanges.Government departments,enterprises and social organizations also need to work together to give play to their respective advantages and jointly promote the process of element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”.
文摘A formerly resource-intensive city is pursuing high-quality development by upgrading its manufacturing sector.THE city of Zaozhuang in east China’s Shandong Province,with its abundant mineral resources especially coal reserves,once made significant contribution to the national economic growth and social development.
文摘Industrial parks are important drivers of national and regional economic development and shoulder important responsibilities in terms of industrial transformation and upgrading.They are particularly effective at cultivating emerging industries and fostering the elements of innovation.In recent years,the Lancang-Mekong region has developed multiple types of industrial parks,which have gradually evolved into park clusters capable of enhancing social and economic development in the region.
文摘Since 2012,China has made historic achievements in pursuing high-quality economic development.It has accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading by advancing the integrated development of industrialization and informatization,and of manufacturing and service industries,so as to gather strength through new drivers.It has adhered to the innovation-driven development in strategic emerging industries,while also cultivating future industries,and expanding new fields and tracks for further development.
文摘Economic development has brought about global greenhouse gas emissions, which in turn has brought about global climate change. This research paper aims to compare the strengths and weaknesses that China has demonstrated in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy and to summarise the valuable experience that China can provide to the world in the implementation of its low-carbon city strategy. This essay analyses in depth the advantages that China has shown in the areas of renewable energy use and government mechanisms, as well as the shortcomings that it has shown in the areas of eco-efficiency industrial structure and capacity upgrading. Then, the paper summarises the successful experiences of the Chinese government in the establishment of renewable energy use and governmental mechanisms, such as the local government’s ability to coordinate multiple sectors (industrial sector, energy sector, etc.) and the implementation of responsibilities. In comparison, the paper also further discusses that China’s implementation of a low-carbon strategy in the future may have more eco-efficiency, industrial structure and capacity upgrading.
文摘With the rapid development of the social economy,science and technology continue to upgrade and optimize,ushering in the digital era,which provides technical support for industrial innovation and development across all sectors.At this stage,vigorously developing the digital economy has gradually become the only means to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure.Therefore,local leaders and relevant departments need to enhance the importance of constructing the digital economy,enabling the local industrial structure to be optimized and upgraded under the impetus of the digital economy,ultimately promoting overall economic high-quality development.To this end,this paper,combined with existing research results,first elaborates on the positive impact of the digital economy on the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.It then analyzes the challenges hindering the process of industrial structure optimization and upgrading and proposes practical pathways to address them,benefiting relevant stakeholders.
文摘This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.
基金Supported in part by the National Key Technology Research andDevelopment Program (No 2009BAI79B03)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 60906050/F040604)the Opening Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application (Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center) (No SMFA09K08)
文摘A non-invasive software upgrade method for permanent implantable medical devices was developed to alleviate patients' suffering due to malfunctions because of software faults,which may cause serious adverse health consequences or require enhancements with new software.The programs distributed to the internal implantable pulse generator(IPG) from the external programmer have been developed so that the upgrade service program in the IPG is simplified with most complex functions executed by the external programmer.A bidirectional protocol including frame definition and transmission mode was designed to insure secure upgrades.A neuro-stimulator was used to verify the upgrade solution with no additional elements,to maintain the hardware reliability.This study emphasizes how to insure a secure and stable upgrade process and reduce power consumption for special wireless and life safety-critical applications.Tests on rhesus monkeys to evaluate the feasibility of the approach for an IPG used for brain stimulation evaluation show that the software upgrade can be implemented stably with good tolerance to the wireless data transmissions.
基金the“High-quality Development,Credit Assets,and Digital Economy”project(KY2023E0122)funded by the Beijing Academy of Social Sciencesthe Sichuan Philosophy and Social Science Planning project(SC21B0310)+2 种基金a technological innovation capacity building program(KTYTD202233)a college students’innovation and entrepreneurship program(202310621238,202310621243)supported by Chengdu University of Information Technology.
文摘Digital village construction opens a new vista for fulfilling consumption capabilities and optimizing consumption patterns in rural areas.For this research,we used the microdata on rural households from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)to conduct an empirical examination of the impact of digital village construction on the upgrading of rural household consumption and its possible influence mechanisms in the endogenous switching regression(ESR)model.Our research findings can be summarized in three points.First,digital village construction has significantly contributed positive contributions to the improvements and upgrading of rural household consumption.Second,digital village construction can help upgrade rural household consumption by increasing their participation in online shopping and expanding online shopping channels.Third,digital village construction means different things to rural households at different levels of risk exposure,with its facilitation to consumption upgrades in proportion to income risks facing rural households.Our research findings,which came from an extensive,in-depth exploration of the factors influencing rural household consumption,are of practical significance and policy value to the stimulating and fulfilling of consumption potentials among rural households.
基金This study was supported by the Clinical Research Award of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,China(No.XJTU1AF-CRF-2015-002 to DH).
文摘Objective:To assess the concordance of tumour grade in specimens obtained from diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy and transurethral resection of bladder tumour(TURBT)and explore the risk factors of upgrading.Methods:The medical records of 205 outpatients who underwent diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy before initial TURBT were retrospectively reviewed.Comparative analysis of the tumour grade of biopsy and operation specimens was performed.Tumour grade changing from low-grade to high-grade with or without variant histology was defined as upgrading.Logistic regression an-alyses were performed to identify the risk factors of upgrading.Results:For the 205 patients,the concordance of tumour grade between specimens obtained from biopsy and operation was 0.639.The concordance for patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with low-grade and high-grade was 0.504 and 0.912,respectively.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age,tumour multifocality,high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),and low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)were significantly associated with upgrading(odds ratio ranging from 0.412 to 4.364).The area under the curve of the different multivariate models was improved from 0.752 to 0.821,and decision curve analysis demonstrated a high net benefit when NLR,LMR,and PLR were added.Conclusion:Diagnostic cystoscopic biopsy may not accurately represent the true grade of primary bladder cancer,especially for outpatients with low-grade bladder cancer.Moreover,older age,tumour multifocality,high NLR,PLR,and low LMR are risk factors of upgrading,and systemic inflammatory markers improve the predictive ability.
基金the National Energy R&D Center of Petroleum Refining Technology(RIPP,SINOPEC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078347)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province,China(21373303D).
文摘As one of the important aspects of upgrading coal tar,the ultra-deep removal of metal ions via the complexation method was investigated by screening four complexing agents and performing density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Analysis of the compositions and contents of the metallic compounds in the coal tar revealed that the main components were iron and calcium naphthenates.Direct filtration reduced the mechanical impurity content from 0.24%to 0.0752%,indicating that most of the large particles could be easily removed.Among the four complexing agents,namely,acetic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,oxalic acid exhibited the best demetallization performance.The DFT simulations suggested that the high performance of oxalic acid originated from its 1:1 coordination mode,rigid dicarboxyl structure,and greater binding energy.
文摘The technical feasibility of in situ upgrading technology to develop the enormous oil and gas resource potential in low-maturity shale is widely acknowledged.However,because of the large quantities of energy required to heat shale,its economic feasibility is still a matter of debate and has yet to be convincingly demonstrated quantitatively.Based on the energy conservation law,the energy acquisition of oil and gas generation and the energy consumption of organic matter cracking,shale heat-absorption,and surrounding rock heat dissipation during in situ heating were evaluated in this study.The energy consumption ratios for different conditions were determined,and the factors that influence them were analyzed.The results show that the energy consumption ratio increases rapidly with increasing total organic carbon(TOC)content.For oil-prone shales,the TOC content corresponding to an energy consumption ratio of 3 is approximately 4.2%.This indicates that shale with a high TOC content can be expected to reduce the project cost through large-scale operation,making the energy consumption ratio after consideration of the project cost greater than 1.In situ heating and upgrading technology can achieve economic benefits.The main methods for improving the economic feasibility by analyzing factors that influence the energy consumption ratio include the following:(1)exploring technologies that efficiently heat shale but reduce the heat dissipation of surrounding rocks,(2)exploring technologies for efficient transformation of organic matter into oil and gas,i.e.,exploring technologies with catalytic effects,or the capability to reduce in situ heating time,and(3)establishing a horizontal well deployment technology that comprehensively considers the energy consumption ratio,time cost,and engineering cost.
基金Supported by Western Project of National Social Science Fund of China (23XJY013)Project of Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2022D032).
文摘The rural revitalization strategy aims to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas and promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.With the continuous advancement of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and breakthroughs in technologies such as artificial intelligence,big data,and blockchain,the traditional circulation industry is undergoing intelligent and digital transformation and upgrade.The digital development of agricultural product circulation will be a significant boost for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy in the future.However,taking full advantage of the productive capacity of digitalized agricultural product circulation is currently accompanied by both opportunities and challenges.This article first analyzes the current status of digital development in circulation in China,provides a detailed analysis of the advantages and opportunities of digital circulation in the context of rural revitalization,and examines the shortcomings and challenges that may be faced behind these opportunities.Finally,the article proposes relevant policy recommendations to address the existing issues and promote the development of digitalized rural circulation.
文摘In recent years,driven jointly by the speeding-up of technological evolution and growing diversified demand,intelligent hardware products have been upgrading rapidly towards becoming high end and diversified,and are widely applied in various sectors of economic production and household consumption.