Cross-border Urban Networks Based on Manufacturing Global Value Chain:A Study of Listed Companies in Western China

Cross-border investment is essential for western China’s globalization.Global value chain(GVC)forms cross-border investment networks between industries in western China and overseas cities.Focusing on GVC,this study uses the social network analysis method,entropy method,multi-index comprehensive evaluation method,and quadratic assignment procedure analysis method to examine the characteristics and influencing factors of the urban networks of research and development(R&D),production,and sales formed as a result of the overseas investments of listed manufacturing companies in western China.Results showed that the three types of investment networks involved multiple industry types and multiple central cities with differentiated diversity and multicentrality.The R&D urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instruments,medicine and biological products,and metal and nonmetal industries.The destination cities were mostly those home to educational and scientific research centers.The production urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment,instrument,and food and beverage industries.The destination cities were mostly regional central cities in developing countries.The sales urban network’s leading sub-industries were the mechanical equipment and instrument,metal and nonmetal,and petrochemical and plastics industries.The destination cities were numerous and scattered.In addition,the R&D urban network easily formed specialized clusters,core nodes easily controlled the production urban network,and individual nodes did not easily control the sales urban network.Technological and economic system advantages greatly impacted the three network types.Considering the different influencing factors,this study suggests optimizing the institutional investment environment to narrow the institutional gap,adjusting and optimizing the investment layout to expand overseas markets,and increasing R&D funds to stimulate technological progress and overseas investments in western China.

The Impact of Outsourcing on Local Industry Upgrading: a Case of China from a Global Value Chain Perspective

This paper develops a conceptual model to assess effect of outsourcing by integrating the theories of industrial upgrading and global value chain (GVC) governance. Contrary to the widely accepted perception that outsourcing is expected to generate positive spillover in particular, the findings indicate that outsourcing has different effects in different GVC governance modes. Excess outsourcing could structurally inhibit technology and management spillovers to subcontractors within the emerging economy context. Based on a case study of the Chinese textile and apparel (T & A) industry, it is found that the Chinese T & A industry has been trapped in the captive governance relationship with foreign buyers, and at the same time is capped below the function upgrading level. Consequences of the situation and implication are then discussed.

Effects of Global Value Chain Position on the Carbon Emissions of Manufacturing Industry in China: An Empirical Study Based on the STIRPAT Model

Based on the input-output data from the World Input-Output Database( WIOD),the global value chain( GVC) position of China's manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2014 was calculated,and the relationship between the carbon emissions and global value chain position of China's manufacturing industry was studied based on the improved STIRPAT model. The results show that the improvement of global value chain position could significantly reduce the carbon emissions of China's manufacturing industry. In addition,foreign investment and energy structure hindered the low-carbon development of China's manufacturing industry. The effects of population size and research intensity on the carbon emissions of manufacturing industry were not significant. In the process of participating in the global value chain,China's manufacturing industry should effectively reduce carbon emissions by strengthening environmental regulation,optimizing energy structure and improving production technology.

Myths and realities of China's apparel industry——from a global value chain perspective

Rising export and market shares and rampant bankruptcies coexist in China's apparel industry.Against the backdrop of the global value chain,the by-country industrial competitiveness evaluation system based on final products is failing.Using the global value chain theory,this article investigates the international competitiveness of China's apparel industry and introduces the case study of Nike's global value chain,reaching the conclusion that existing evaluations have exaggerated the international competitiveness of China's apparel industry.China's apparel industry is at the lowest level of the global value chain,and most local enterprises have not entered the mainstream global value chain and are still internationally uncompetitive.As far as China's current economic development level and targets are concerned,it may be too unrealistic to discuss industrial upgrading entirely from the perspective of OEM-ODM-OBM.China's apparel producers should stick to both paths:one is the priority to strengthen manufacturing and OEM;the other is to do more learning to go beyond sub-contract manufacturing and prepare for long-term growth of OBM.Building middle and high-end apparel producers and creating local brands by virtue of China's status as a big country is the right path for development given the industry's present situation.

Analysis and Investigation on the Core Competitiveness of Textile and Underwear Industry in the Mainland and Taiwan of China and Myanmar under the Global Value Chain

All the way in the “area”, “comprehensive economic partnership agreement” (RCEP), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) free trade area, the main economic corridor construction under the background of success, the mainland and Taiwan of China and southeast Asia has established the important relations of cooperation, industries are beginning to consider labor costs, raw materials, using the regional to invest policy and market comparative advantage. This paper starts from the investigation of Topline’s core competitiveness in China and Myanmar, and focuses on the analysis of lingerie industry in China and Myanmar, and the analysis of women’s underwear industry from the perspective of global value chain (GVC). Through the data analysis of the questionnaire survey, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the current situation of the industry, uses the intermediary analysis to analyze the correlation between the two variables, reveals the role of the core competitiveness of enterprises, and uses the GVC theory to analyze the problems existing in the industry of enterprises and their causes. According to relevant theories, the optimization path of enterprise value chain is put forward.

Spatial Interaction Between the Industrial Undertaking Capacity and Global Value Chain Position of East Asian Countries

A comprehensive understanding of the spatial interaction between the industrial undertaking capability and the position of the global value chain of the 12 East Asian countries is conducive to strengthening regional cooperation, gaining a say in foreign trade and becoming the dominant player in the global division of labor system. The article reveals the operating rules of the interaction between the industrial undertaking capacity and the global value chain position of East Asian countries by calculating the Global Moran Index(Moran’s I), coupling coordination degree and other indicators. The results show that: in time, the values of industrial undertaking capacity and the positions of global value chain in East Asian countries showed a sustained and stable growth trend, and have a consistent trend of change. Spatially, both of the two indexes had significant positive spatial correlation, with Moran’s I showing an ‘inverted U’pattern, and the spatial aggregation distribution of global value chain position lagged behind the spatial aggregation distribution of industrial undertaking capacity by one year. In terms of spatial coupling coordination, the coupling coordination values of the two indicators show a steady upward trend. Combined with the comparative advantage of each country, this paper provides suggestions for promoting the positions of Chinese and other East Asian industries in the global value chain from the perspectives of enhancing independent innovation capability and upgrading industrial structure.

Does strict environmental regulation enhance the global value chains position of China's industrial sector?

Given the vital importance of global value chains(GVCs)position for a country's international competitiveness,this paper tries to investigate the impacts of environmental regulation on the GVCs position of China's industrial sector.Using the latest value-added decomposition method,we first measure the GVCs position of China's industrial sector from 2003 to 2014.Subsequently,both two-stage least squares(2 SLS)method with panel data and mediating effect model are employed to empirically examine the effects of environmental regulation on China's position in GVCs.The results indicate that environmental regulation has significantly upgraded the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,and the effect is more evident for the sub-sectors with originally lower GVCs position.The mediation effect test shows that increasing R&D investment is an important channel through which environmental regulation affects the GVCs position of China's industrial sector,which verifies the existence of the Porter hypothesis.Further analysis finds that the enhancement of GVCs position of China's industrial sector caused by environmental regulation is mainly achieved through reducing the backward GVCs position.

Research Progress of Foreign Direct Investment and Global Value Chain Status

With the rapid development of globalization,the industries of various countries are actively seeking the best way to improve the global value chain(GVC)status while integrating into the world.As an important factor affecting the GVC status,foreign direct investment(FDI)has attracted extensive attention from scholars.On the basis of systematically summarizing the research progress of FDI theory,GVC status and the influence of FDI on GVC status,the paper tries to clarify the internal relationship between FDI and GVC status,explores the shortcomings of existing research,and puts forward the possible direction of future research.

Global Value Chains in the Era of 4IR: New Paradigm of Business Models for SMEs

This paper presents a brief literature review of previous studies methodologies,models,and contexts in studying firms’upgrading in Global Value Chains(GVCs).The key context of this paper is set within Fourth Industrial Revolution(4IR).Through the literature review,this paper offers to identify the opportunities of theoretical novelty and ways to elaborate on understanding firm dynamics in Global Value Chains in the context of 4IR.The approach based on Business Model(BM)innovations and new forms of organizing for business(such as platforms)is used to synthesize from previous research findings and build on to newer explanations of firms’entry,learning,and upgrading within GVCs.

Learning by Doing Effect in North South Trade under the Global Value Chains： An Empirical Analysis of Various Industries in the U.S.

This paper studies the division of labor and economic development under global value chains in North South trade by mainly investigating the changes of production hours and cost per unit along with more and more output and increasing trade value in several industries in the U.S., because the U. S. is at the leading position in the division of labor by global value chains. The empirical evidence reveals that more international outsourcing, there will be more detailed division of labor, and the industry unit production time and production cost will show more declining trend year by year. This is consistent with that the global value chains and the outsourcing play more and more important roles in the international division of labor and economic growth in both developed and developing countries, and helps explain the integration of workforce across countries in the global value chains.

How the adoption of industry 4.0 technologies is related to participation in global and domestic value chains: Evidence from Russia

This study explores the relationships among Industry 4.0 technologies, their application areas,and the involvement of Russian manufacturing firms in global and domestic value chains. Weapply logit and multinomial logit regressions using an original survey dataset of approximately1700 Russian manufacturing firms. We make a novel contribution to the literature by uncoveringan asymmetry in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies among Russian industrial firms in domesticvalue chains (DVCs) and global value chains (GVCs). This asymmetry has the potential to impedeGVC localization and DVC internationalization. Based on our results, software automation solu-tions are the only ones demonstrating statistical significance for firms participating simulta-neously in GVCs, DVCs, and both GVCs and DVCs. Companies in DVCs demonstrate a broaderutilization of Industry 4.0 technologies across various application areas. We also identify evidenceof reshoring in DVCs, indicating that Industry 4.0 adoption encourages firms to establish enduringrelationships with domestic suppliers. Highlighting that differences in technology adoption areinfluenced by external factors, including adherence to international standards and regulatoryprinciples, we propose policy implications for developing countries. Recommendations encom-pass reducing entry barriers to DVCs, improving procurement transparency, and promotingcompetition in the digital solutions market to empower firms for seamless GVC integration.

Trade Friction,Upgrading Path and Development of Chinese Textile and Apparel Industry

China is the largest producer and exporter in textiles in the world now, but most Chinese textile and apparel enterprises operate in the low stream of global value chain- processing and assembling. A combination of domestic supply side constrains of high wages and external pressures of appreciation of RMB and trade friction make it difficult for Chinese textile and apparel industry to maintain the low-wage manufacturing. The paper analyzes by stakeholder map for trade friction. It may be more effective that China deals with the trade issues based on the analysis of different stakeholders. The political agreement is only a temporary resolution; the more important way is try to upgrade the operations in developed regions. According to industrial organization theory and global value chain theory, it is suggested product development and marketing are upgrading paths for Chinese enterprises.

Chinese Automobile Industry’s Position in the Global Value Chain and Its Development Paths Under New Circumstances

While analyzing how the global automobile landscape has shifted and what role the Chinese automobile industry is playing in the global value chain,this paper points out that traditional automobile superpowers are being overtaken by emerging markets and countries;though China’s position in the global automobile industry keeps rising,it is yet to be intimately involved and incorporated into each link of the global value chain.China is now somehow stuck in the middle reaches of the global value chain and is susceptible to being replaced by other countries and regions in the global automobile trade.Under new circumstances,the Chinese automobile industry must step up its transformation from depending on scale and speed to seeking quality and profitability.Not only must China consistently and steadily promote openness within its automobile industry and steadfastly hold on to trade liberalization and economic globalization,but also must deepen its reform to improve the internal institutional environment for the development of its automobile industry.

The Reciprocal and Symbiotic Effects of Industrial Relocation between China and BRI Countries

Reciprocity and symbiosis are essential to the creation of“a community with a shared future for mankind”,and industrial relocation is a key strategy for implementing the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).This paper investigates the reciprocal and symbiotic effects of industrial relocation between China and BRI countries,and performs an empirical test using the Eora global supply chain database of 2002-2020.Our findings suggest that there has been an increasing level of industrial reciprocity and symbiosis between China and BRI countries,but great differences exist across sectors and regions;industrial relocation between China and BRI countries is conducive to two-way industrial reciprocity and symbiosis primarily through regional value chain cooperation and an increasing level of industrial agglomeration.The most substantial effects have been observed in industrial relocation involving developed BRI countries,in medium-and high-tech sectors,and following the announcement of the BRI.

OFDI对中国全球价值链嵌入效应研究

对外直接投资作为载体将要素分散到不同的国家,使各产品的生产不再局限于某一国内,进而影响一国在全球价值链嵌入的程度。为探究OFDI对中国全球价值链嵌入的影响效应,对二者关系进行实证检验,得出OFDI对中国全球价值链嵌入度有正向的行业调整效应和技术逆溢出效应的结论。提出为了使投资活动能够更有效地促进中国在全球价值链中的升级,应大力鼓励企业“走出去”、实施创新驱动战略、加速培养尖端复合人才等建议。

中国OFDI对外贸高质量发展的影响路径研究

外贸高质量发展是现代化经济体系建设的重要内容。本文从外贸规模、外贸结构、外贸竞争力和外贸可持续性4个层面构建了外贸高质量发展的评价指标体系,并采用熵值法对OFDI促进外贸高质量发展的产业路径和技术路径展开理论和实证分析。研究表明:我国OFDI能显著促进外贸高质量发展;产业结构升级和技术进步的中介效应显著存在。为推动我国外贸实现高质量发展,政府应进一步完善相关政策措施,促进企业对外直接投资,不断深化产业转型、技术创新等保障机制改革;企业则应加大对自身技术的研发投入,加大对知识和技术密集型行业的对外投资,并加强企业之间的合作交流。

OFDI对中国制造业全球价值链攀升影响的实证研究

本文采用2007—2017年中国制造业的面板数据,运用系统GMM及分位数回归,实证分析了OFDI对中国制造业攀升全球价值链的影响。研究发现:OFDI对中国制造业全球价值链地位的提升具有积极作用,并且滞后3年仍然具有显著性影响;不同技术水平类别下也都呈现显著的正向影响,对于低等、中等和高等技术制造业的影响程度呈现先增后减的态势,其中对中等技术制造业的积极作用最为明显;针对处于不同价值链地位的制造业,OFDI的分位数回归系数基本呈现先升后降的格局,即在全球价值链低端和高端的制造业行业中,OFDI对价值链攀升的促进程度相对较弱,而在处于价值链中端的制造业行业中,促进作用更为显著。

OFDI对母国制造业全球价值链升级的影响--基于分位数回归的研究

通过对42个国家2003-2014年制造业全球价值链地位和参与度指数的研究,发现OFDI可以提升较高分位数上母国制造业全球价值链的地位和高分位数上母国制造业全球价值链的参与度,阻碍低分位数上母国制造业全球价值链地位和参与度的提升。同时运用分样本回归法发现,OFDI可以提升高分位数上发展中国家制造业全球价值链的地位和参与度,却阻碍0.10分位数上发展中国家制造业全球价值链地位和参与度的提升;OFDI可以提升高分位数上发达国家制造业全球价值链的参与度,但同时会阻碍0.10分位和中间分位数上发达国家制造业全球价值链地位的提升。因此,各国要正确认识OFDI对本国制造业全球价值链升级的影响。作为制造业大国,我国要继续推进OFDI,提升本国的技术水平,运用OFDI促进我国制造业全球价值链的升级。

OFDI与制造业价值链地位提升--基于“一带一路”沿线国家面板数据的研究

以"一带一路"沿线国家为研究样本,构建对外直接投资对价值链升级的理论模型,使用2000-2016年的国别数据,通过动态面板实证研究了OFDI对母国制造业价值链地位的影响。结果表明:OFDI对母国制造业价值链提升具有显著的正向影响,影响机制主要有专业分工效应、逆向技术溢出效应和市场规模扩大效应。中国对"一带一路"沿线国家的直接投资有利于提升自身价值链地位。中国对中南半岛和孟中印缅经济走廊、中巴和中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊沿线国家的直接投资主要通过专业分工效应来提升价值链地位,对中蒙俄和新亚欧大陆桥经济走廊沿线国家的直接投资主要通过逆向技术溢出效应和市场规模扩大效应来提升价值链地位。

全球价值链背景下我国OFDI促进经济转型的策略研究

伴随着我国劳动力比较优势丧失、产能过剩和技术瓶颈等问题日益凸显,我国经济面临着转型升级的紧迫任务。我国对外直接投资通过技术逆向溢出效应和生产要素全球配置促进国内技术进步和转型升级,应积极鼓励企业加大研发投入,通过产学研合作、吸引人才等方式来提高自身对技术知识的吸收能力,推动技术的逆向溢出;另外,在通过对外直接投资参与全球价值链分工的过程中需充分推进发挥国内市场的规模优势,实现"市场换技术"战略逐步转变为"整合营销和技术创新双重追赶"战略,才能更有效地通过OFDI来促进国内技术的进步,提高全要素生产率(TFP),进而加速我国经济转型升级。