The Role of China's High-Tech Zones in Its Regional Economic Development

National high-tech industrial development zones represent a major strategy of the Chinese government in developing high-tech industries and spurring regional economic growth. The effect of this policy is yet to be proven. Based on the panel data of 283 Chinese cities between 1984 and 2012, this paper investigates the effect of high-tech zones on regional economic development. Empirical results suggest that first, national hightech zones have remarkably enhanced regional GDP and per capita GDP growth, and this conclusion still holds true after multiple rounds of robustness test; second, the economic effect of national high-tech zones is subject to diminishing marginal return and compared with higher-tier cities, lower-tier cities benefited more from the creation of national hightech zones. This paper concludes that national high-tech zones where special policies are experimented and offered not only drive economic development but, if properly distributed across regions, may help reduce regional economic disparities as well. The results of this study provide important implications for the future distribution of national high-tech zones and the creation of other relevant policies.

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Industrial Characteristics of Economic and Technological Development Zones and High-tech Industrial Zones in China

Economic and technological development zone and high-tech industrial zone are important types of development zone in China,and there are differences in their connotation and goal setting.In this paper,basic data of national and provincial economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in China were collected and arranged.Kernel density analysis and other GIS spatial analysis techniques were used to analyze the evolution laws of spatial patterns of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones in cities from 2006 to 2018.First,the agglomeration intensity was compared by measuring the degree of regional agglomeration and dispersion on the two time nodes.Next,kernel density method was used to explore the evolution of the two in the spatial layout and location,and analyze development commonness and difference of economic and technological development zones and high-tech industrial zones.Finally,the trend and reason of spatial evolution of development zones with different leading industries were explored.Research results show that:①the agglomeration degree of layout of high-tech industrial zones is stronger than that of economic and technological development zones,and there are similarities and differences in distribution trend of spatial patterns of the two types of development zones;②the distribution of labor-intensive,capital-intensive and technology-intensive development zones is concentrated at smaller scales and dispersed at larger ones;③although there are differences between the economic and technological development zones and the high-tech industrial zones in the goal,support,structure and function,management system and so on,their spatial development presents a trend of convergence.In the future,when enhancing urban-rural planning and public administration,governments should combine the trend of industrial transformation and upgrading,and optimize spatial layout of development zones by adjusting industrial structure,layout,transportation and land use.

China's Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones Are Being Upgraded

In recent years, Chinas foreign investment and cooperation have grown rapidly, making contributions to ,both the host country and the world economy. In the year of 2016, China＇s FDI reached USD 196.15 billion,

The Impact of the Establishment of National High-tech Zones on Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises

The National High-tech Zone(NHTZs)is an important strategic platform for cultivating high-tech industries and realizing high-quality economic development in China.Based on the combined data from 2006 to 2014 of the industrial enterprise database,the customs database,and the China Development Zones Audit and Announcement Catalogue(abbreviated asthe Catalogue),this paper systematically investigates the influence of the construction of NHTZs on enterprise’s total factor productivity(TFP).Results show that NHTZs have a positive impact on the TFP of enterprises in the zone,and this conclusion is still valid after considering endogeneity problems.Furthermore,the above productivity effects of NHTZs are heterogeneous in terms of enterprise ownership,external environment and establishment time,and NHTZs have greater stimulation effects on enterprise productivity after comparing with other types of functional zones.An investigation of the specific mechanisms at play shows that NHTZs promote the TFP of enterprises in the zone through the release of preferential policies,strengthening the“technology spillover effects”of imported intermediate goods,enhancing enterprise’s innovation ability and attracting talent.In addition,based on the decomposition of industry productivity,this paper also investigates the impact of NHTZs on changes in industry productivity and finds that NHTZs promote the overall productivity of specific industries mainly by stimulating the productivity improvement of incumbent enterprises and expanding the market share of high-productivity enterprises.Moreover,the preferential policies of NHTZs do not significantly stimulate high-productivity enterprises to enter the zones,nor do they cause low-productivity enterprises to exit.This research is helpful in objectively evaluating the economic effects of the NHTZs in China and in providing a theoretical basis for its further adjustment.

Economic Development Strategies and Optimization of High-tech Development Zones from the Perspective of"Four-transform and Three-famous":Taking Nanchang High-tech Development Zone as an Example

In recent years,high-tech development zones(hi-tech zones)have always occupied a very important position in the strategy of promoting China's innovative development.The combination of the"four-transform and three-famous"coordinated economic development strategy pioneered by Zhejiang Province in 2015 and the coordinated economic development of high-tech zones is particularly important for modern China at a critical time for innovative economic development.In this article,based on the research on the coordination mechanism of economic activities and development of Nanchang High-tech Zone,the development course of high-tech zones in China is elaborated,the early economic models in high-tech zones of Nanchang and China are analyzed,the existing problems in the structure of economic development of high-tech zones are analyzed in depth,the main driving factors for promoting the economic development of high-tech zones are studied from the aspects of capital,space,industry,economic model,etc.,and corresponding development strategies for high-tech development zones in China are proposed.

High-tech Industrial Development Zones in Nanjing,Suzhou,Changzhou and Wuxi

Nanjing High-tech Industrial Devel-opment Zone It is a state-level high-tech in-dustrial development zone approved by theState Council, with an area of 16.5 sq km,comprising seven sq km of industrial area,five sq km of Taiwan invested area, three sqkm of university teaching and scientificresearch area and 1.5 sq km of compositeservice area. The development zone is 13.5 kmfrom the city center, with convenient trafficconditions, three state highways and a pro-

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

High-tech Industrial Zones Take Lead in Industrial Innovation

China’s 56 leading high-tech industrial zones have led the country’s industrial innovation, playing an important role in the nation’s social and economic development, a government statement said on Jan 1.

A Study on Theoretical Model and Applied Evaluation of Land Use Performance of High-tech Zone in Urban Fringe: A Case Study in Haidian District, Beijing

High-tech industrial zone is an important carrier for constructing innovative cities. It also plays an important role in implementing the national independent innovative strategy. How-ever, most of the high-tech industrial zones have many problems in their development process, such as efficiency of land use, weakness of oriented function and lack of land intensive. To solve these problems, the authors of this paper introduced the concept of land use performance and established the theoretical model to assess the land use performance of high-tech industrial zones. The model consists of the following three-dimensional parts: land use benefit, land use efficiency and innovative function. Based on this theory model, an index system which was composed of three secondary indictors, eight tertiary indictors and 37 fourth-grade indictors was set up to evaluate the land use performance of high-tech zone. To avoid the defects of plus model and function model, the authors brought out a three-dimensional evaluation model to examine the index of the land use performance of the high-tech industrial parks, which equals to the evaluation indicator system of land use performance of high-tech zone based on the above research. The authors examined the land use performance of five different high-tech industrial parks in Haidian District, Beijing City. The results indicated that the indicator system per-forms better in the aspect of evaluating land use benefit, land use efficiency and function of the high-tech industrial zone compared with other models.

A Study of the Industrial Development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone

This paper illustrates the current situation and problems concerning the industrial structure in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone,and analyzes the internal contradictions that exist in industry: small-scale land operation has become an inherent obstacle to the industrial development in Agricultural High-tech Zone; farmers are always in a passive position in industrial restructuring optimization; government's policy failures and rent-seeking behaviors have hindered industrial development; the research,popularization and application of agricultural science and technology is not suited to industrial development requirements. Finally,this paper makes the corresponding recommendations for industrial development in Huazhong Agricultural High-tech Industrial Development Zone.

Comprehensive Control Measures and Effect Evaluation of Groundwater Over-exploitation Areas in High-tech Zone,Jining in 2020

Groundwater over-exploitation is a major problem in groundwater development, utilization and protection. At present, the area of shallow groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone is 76 km^(2). In this study, the system and mechanism construction, engineering measure construction, and control effect of national comprehensive control project of groundwater over-exploitation areas in the High-tech Zone in 2020 were evaluated, and the comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation in the High-tech Zone in the year was summarized to provide effective basis for the continuous implementation of comprehensive control of groundwater over-exploitation. At the same time, the water-saving and exploitation reduction effect and generalizability of different measures were studied to provide useful reference for other over-exploitation areas.

Evolution of Industrial Competitiveness Based on Evaluation of Urban Competitiveness of Dongguan City:A Case Study of Songshan Lake High-tech Zone

Based on the theoretical system of urban competitiveness,the evaluation model of urban competitiveness from the perspective of competition and cooperation was established.According to the significance index and explanatory index,the urban competitiveness was divided into urban comprehensive competitiveness(UC),urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).The scores and rankings of UC,NC and EC in 2006,2010 and 2015 were obtained by conducting the comprehensive evaluation of the urban competitiveness of Dongguan City with integrated usage of the principal component analysis and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution and the data of other 20 cities in Guangdong province,Hong Kong and Macao.The research showed that the competitiveness of Dongguan City has been greatly improved during the decade of 2006–2015,and the regional cities in Guangdong Province had significant differences,which are reflected in the two dimensions of urban internal node competitiveness(NC)and external competitiveness of urban network(EC).Based on this,this study further analyzed Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from two dimensions of NC and EC,and took Dongguan Songshan Lake High-tech Zone as an example to study how to promote Dongguan’s urban competitiveness from the industrial level.

自由贸易试验区助力新质生产力形成的机理与策略分析

高水平对外开放是加快发展新质生产力和构建新发展格局的强大外部动力。自由贸易试验区建设作为推进高水平对外开放的重要举措,是以改革开放创设良好国际环境的开路先锋,是以制度型开放发展新质生产力的先导示范。文章通过分析自由贸易试验区助力新质生产力形成的机理发现,自由贸易试验区作为改革开放的新高地,契合新质生产力高水平对外开放、科技创新、产业升级和绿色发展的理念和定位。为进一步发挥自由贸易试验区对新质生产力的先行驱动作用,未来应从单一自由贸易试验区、区域跨自由贸易试验区、自由贸易试验区与自由贸易区的视角出发,聚焦自由贸易试验区特色产业,布局创新链和产业链,构建新质生产力所需产业体系;推进区域多个自由贸易试验区合作,促进科技协同创新,打造战略性新兴产业集群;加强自由贸易试验区与自由贸易区的协同联动,主动融入区域经济一体化的创新链和产业链,为新质生产力发展营造良好的国际环境。

国家自主创新示范区设立与服务贸易高质量发展

自主创新是实现企业高质量发展、提升国际竞争力的必由之路。基于1997—2021年中国省级数据,使用合成控制法和双重差分法实证分析了国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的影响及其机制。研究发现,国家自主创新示范区设立能显著促进服务贸易高质量发展,且通过技术创新和产业结构升级促进了服务贸易高质量发展。异质性分析发现,相较于中西部地区,国家自主创新示范区设立对服务贸易高质量发展的促进作用在东部地区更大。因此,中国应继续鼓励国家自主创新示范区扩围发展,加快科技成果转化,中西部地区要大力发展科技服务业,以促进服务贸易高质量发展。

综合保税区设立与产业结构优化:实证检验与影响机制

综合保税区设立有利于国内外市场联动,提高产品竞争力,引领产业结构升级。基于2003—2019年我国262个城市样本数据构建政策评估的准自然实验,评估综合保税区的产业结构优化效应,结果显示:综保区能显著促进产业结构合理化和产业结构高级化,且受所处位置及其城市拥有综保区数量等因素制约;综合保税区在吸引外资、完善基础设施建设和提高产业集聚水平进而提升产业结构优化效应方面,不同渠道作用效果存在差异。该结果可为评估综保区的政策效果及未来产业结构优化提供经验依据。

数字经济对制造业转型升级的影响——基于国家大数据综合试验区的拟自然实验

将国家大数据综合试验区设立视为数字经济发展的一个拟自然实验,利用我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)2003—2020年的面板数据,从制造业结构合理化和制造业结构高级化两个维度,实证分析了数字经济发展对地区制造业转型升级的影响及作用机制。研究结果显示:无论是否纳入控制变量,数字经济发展对制造业转型升级具有显著正向效应;在替换被解释变量和剔除部分样本后,数字经济对制造业转型升级的促进作用仍然非常稳健;数字经济发展主要通过创新激励效应和需求拉动效应促进制造业结构合理化和高级化。

以制度型开放引领实施自由贸易试验区提升战略

党的二十届三中全会提出,“稳步扩大制度型开放”,“实施自由贸易试验区提升战略”。制度型开放作为一种形而上的开放形态,以规则、规制、管理、标准等开放为主体内容,相比传统开放具有边境后、稳定性、无差别、可预期、整体性、深层次等开放特征。中国的制度型开放大致经历了制度学习、制度供给、制度竞争、高水平制度型开放四个发展阶段。以制度型开放引领实施自由贸易试验区提升战略,应把握“三坚持三注重”,以梯度对标,倾力打造制度型开放新高地;赋权强能,着力优化完善一流治理体系;厚植产业,加快推进全产业链制度创新;广泛联动,有效助力优化区域开放布局;保障安全,持续健全开放安全保障体系为主要着力点。

开发区升格政策与区域创新“增量提质”——基于区县层面和修正专利数据的研究

本文基于2007—2018年区县层面的修正专利数据,采用渐进式多重差分模型实证检验开发区升格政策对区县创新“质”与“量”的影响。研究发现,开发区升格政策使所在区县专利申请数和被引用次数分别增加23.22%和20.25%,推动开发区扮演产学研协同创新平台的角色,激发域内创新主体间的协同化与一体化,进而实现创新成果与实体产业的有机融合;升格政策通过政策优惠效应、企业成长效应和集聚效应等渠道提升所在区县的创新水平,其效果因专利类型、开发区类别和规模及地区政府效率的不同而有所差异。最后,进一步的分析证实升格政策在优化资源配置方面具有重要作用。

数字经济、产业升级与城乡差距——基于浙江省共同富裕示范区建设的中介效应模型检验

在当前社会主要矛盾中,最大的不平衡是城乡发展不平衡。浙江省在高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区过程中,城乡差距问题依然是困扰共同富裕的突出问题。而数字经济因其包容性、普惠性和共享性的特点,与共同富裕内涵高度契合,故成为实现共同富裕的强大驱动力。本文通过建立数字经济、产业升级与城乡差距的中介效应模型,实证检验了数字经济发展水平的提高可以有效提升产业升级、降低城乡差距,且在产业升级的作用下,数字经济发展水平对降低城乡差距、促进共同富裕效果显著。基于此,浙江省应借助数字经济发展优势,从供给侧促进生产结构高级化,从需求侧促进消费结构升级;实施数字经济错位发展策略,更有效助推产业结构合理化;通过数字经济发展赋能技术创新、产业创新、要素创新,从而促进产业效率提升。多措并举,以数字经济带动产业升级,从而缩小城乡差距,助推共同富裕与赋能共同富裕示范区建设。