Determination of Upland Rice Cultivar Coefficient Specific Parameters for DSSAT (Version 4.7)-CERES-Rice Crop Simulation Model and Evaluation of the Crop Model under Different Temperature Treatments conditions

To develop basis for strategic or arranged decision making towards crop yield improvement in Thailand, a new method in which crop models could be used is essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure cultivar specific parameters by using DSSAT (v4.7) Cropping Simulation Model (CSM) with five upland rice genotypes namely Dawk Pa-yawm, Mai Tahk, Bow Leb Nahng, Dawk Kha 50 and Dawk Kahm. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with split plot design. Results showed that five upland rice genotypes had significantly affected each other by different temperature treatments (28°C, 30°C, 32°C) with grain yield, tops weight, harvest index, flowering, and maturity date. At the same time, all the phenological traits had highly significant variation with the genotypes. The cultivar specific parameters obtained by using a temperature tolerant cultivar (Basmati 385) with five upland genotypes involved in the DSSAT4.7-CSM. Model evaluation results indicated that utilizing the estimated cultivar coefficient parameters, model simulated well with varying temperature treatments as indicated by the agreement index (d-statistic) closer to unity. Hence, it was estimated that model calibration and evaluation was realistic in the limits of test cropping seasons and that CSM fitted with cultivar specific parameters can be used in simulation studies for investigation, farm managing or decision making. This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.

临沧地区不同来源稻瘟病菌致病性分析

【目的】明确分离自临沧地区水稻主栽品种和陆稻地方品种稻瘟病菌的毒性频率及致病性的分化特点。【方法】采用喷雾接种,分别将分离自临沧地区的108个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株在水稻苗期接种于23个稻瘟病抗性单基因系,对其进行致病性测定。【结果】108个供试菌株中,分离自主栽水稻品种上的26个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株对持有抗性基因Piz、Piz-5、Pita、Pi5、Pi9和Pita-2的水稻单基因系的毒性频率均低于20%,分离自沧源县陆稻地方品种的56个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株对持有抗性基因Pik-h、Piz-t、Pib、Pi5、Pi9、Pi12和Pi11的水稻单基因系的毒性频率均低于20%,分离自镇康县陆稻地方品种的26个稻瘟病菌单孢菌株对持有抗性基因Pii、Pik-h、Piz-t、Pib、Pish、Pi1、Pi5、Pi9、Pi12、Pik-m和Pi11的水稻单基因系的毒性频率均低于20%;在稻瘟病菌致病性相似系数为0.45时,将不同来源的108个稻瘟病菌株划分为2个谱系。【结论】持有Pi5和Pi9抗性基因的水稻品种在临沧地区具有较好的应用价值;分离自临沧地区的水稻主栽品种和陆稻地方品种上的稻瘟病菌群体存在明显的致病性分化,而来自沧源县和镇康县陆稻地方品种上的菌株致病性分化相对较小。

海南中南部地区旱稻(山兰稻)种质资源及保育模式

山兰稻是一类适应性很强的旱稻品种,对于开发节水性高产稻种具有重要意义。该研究调查了海南中南部地区山兰稻种质资源的组成,并选种5个山兰稻品种开展其农艺性状和生产性状的研究,以期了解山兰稻种质资源在该地区的分布及生产现状,并进一步为其保护模式提供理论基础。结果表明：调查共获得38份山兰稻种质资源,含25个品种,主要分布在保亭、琼中和五指山三个市县,在现有的品种中约有45.0%在种植利用。因此,山兰稻品种资源面临濒危,亟需保护;这25个品种可分为籼稻和粳稻2个类型,共聚成6个类群,不同区域间的种质资源具有亲缘性,其中3个独立聚集的品种有明显区域性分布的特征;5个品种容易种植,生产性状较一致,其全生育期约为138 d,与历史栽培记录时间一致,遗传特性稳定,单位产量为2.0~2.8t·hm-2,平均产量为2.4 t·hm-2。综上说明保护山兰稻品种的成本和技术难度不高,但其育种和栽培技术还需要进一步研究,种质资源的开发模式应结合生态保护、品种保育、社会需求等多角度进行综合考虑。

热带旱稻种质内生菌调查与初步评价

首次报道了内生菌在我国热带旱稻种质幼苗中的分布情况。采用改良的苯胺蓝染色法对我国热带早稻种质进行内生菌活体检验,并对其进行分离和体外拮抗病原菌的活性初步评价。结果发现,在热带旱稻种质中可见到被染成蓝色的内生菌菌丝体或孢子体。供试的408份旱稻种质中,内生菌侵染率为69．6％;其中国内348份种质中的内生菌侵染率为69．0％,国外引进的60份种质中的内生菌侵染率为73．3％。采用组织块法从部分种质中分离到内生细菌与内生真菌,初步的抗性对峙试验结果表明,部分内生菌菌株具有明显的抗植物病原真菌活性。