分别制备了4种H2SO4-SiO2。以H2SO4-SiO2为催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯和间苯二酚为原料,通过Pechmann反应,在无溶剂条件下,催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。以4种不同H2SO4-SiO2、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和反应原料的物质的量比设计...分别制备了4种H2SO4-SiO2。以H2SO4-SiO2为催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯和间苯二酚为原料,通过Pechmann反应,在无溶剂条件下,催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。以4种不同H2SO4-SiO2、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和反应原料的物质的量比设计了五因素四水平的正交试验,得到负载硫酸催化反应的最佳条件:n(H2SO4)∶n(Si)=0.75∶1,n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)=1∶1,催化剂用量0.35 g(间苯二酚0.04 mol),反应时间95 m in,反应温度105℃,最佳条件下产品收率为72.4%。展开更多
During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along ...During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. Rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.展开更多
文摘分别制备了4种H2SO4-SiO2。以H2SO4-SiO2为催化剂,乙酰乙酸乙酯和间苯二酚为原料,通过Pechmann反应,在无溶剂条件下,催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素。以4种不同H2SO4-SiO2、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和反应原料的物质的量比设计了五因素四水平的正交试验,得到负载硫酸催化反应的最佳条件:n(H2SO4)∶n(Si)=0.75∶1,n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)=1∶1,催化剂用量0.35 g(间苯二酚0.04 mol),反应时间95 m in,反应温度105℃,最佳条件下产品收率为72.4%。
文摘During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. Rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.
