Optical and electrical properties of BaSnO_(3) and In_2O_(3) mixed transparent conductive films deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature

For the crystalline temperature of BaSnO_(3)(BTO)was above 650℃,the transparent conductive BTO-based films were always deposited above this temperature on epitaxy substrates by pulsed laser deposition or molecular beam epitaxy till now which limited there application in low temperature device process.In the article,the microstructure,optical and electrical of BTO and In_(2)O_(3) mixed transparent conductive BaInSnO_(x)(BITO)film deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique(FCVA)on glass substrate at room temperature were firstly reported.The BITO film with thickness of 300 nm had mainly In_(2)O_(3) polycrystalline phase,and minor polycrystalline BTO phase with(001),(011),(111),(002),(222)crystal faces which were first deposited at room temperature on amorphous glass.The transmittance was 70%–80%in the visible light region with linear refractive index of 1.94 and extinction coefficient of 0.004 at 550-nm wavelength.The basic optical properties included the real and imaginary parts,high frequency dielectric constants,the absorption coefficient,the Urbach energy,the indirect and direct band gaps,the oscillator and dispersion energies,the static refractive index and dielectric constant,the average oscillator wavelength,oscillator length strength,the linear and the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities,and the nonlinear refractive index were all calculated.The film was the n-type conductor with sheet resistance of 704.7Ω/□,resistivity of 0.02Ω⋅cm,mobility of 18.9 cm2/V⋅s,and carrier electron concentration of 1.6×10^(19) cm^(−3) at room temperature.The results suggested that the BITO film deposited by FCVA had potential application in transparent conductive films-based low temperature device process.

Preparation of Ga_2O_3 thin film solar-blind photodetectors based on mixed-phase structure by pulsed laser deposition

Gallium oxide(Ga_2O_3) thin films were deposited on a-Al2O3(1120) substrates by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) with different oxygen pressures at 650?C. By reducing the oxygen pressure, mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 films with α and β phases can be obtained, and on the basis of this, mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 thin film solar-blind photodetectors(SBPDs) were prepared.Comparing the responsivities of the mixed-phase Ga_2O_3 SBPDs and the single β-Ga_2O_3 SBPDs at a bias voltage of 25 V,it is found that the former has a maximum responsivity of approximately 12 A/W, which is approximately two orders of magnitude larger than that of the latter. This result shows that the mixed-phase structure of Ga_2O_3 thin films can be used to prepare high-responsivity SBPDs. Moreover, the cause of this phenomenon was investigated, which will provide a feasible way to improve the responsivity of Ga_2O_3 thin film SBPDs.

Discrete formulation of mixed finite element methods for vapor deposition chemical reaction equations

The vapor deposition chemical reaction processes, which are of extremely extensive applications, can be classified as a mathematical model by the following governing nonlinear partial differential equations containing velocity vector, temperature field, pressure field, and gas mass field. The mixed finite element （MFE） method is employed to study the system of equations for the vapor deposition chemical reaction processes. The semidiscrete and fully discrete MFE formulations are derived. And the existence and convergence （error estimate） of the semidiscrete and fully discrete MFE solutions are demonstrated. By employing MFE method to treat the system of equations for the vapor deposition chemical reaction processes, the numerical solutions of the velocity vector, the temperature field, the pressure field, and the gas mass field can be found out simultaneously. Thus, these researches are not only of important theoretical means, but also of extremely extensive applied vistas.

An experimental study on metal precipitation driven by fluid mixing: implications for genesis of carbonate-hosted lead–zinc ore deposits

A type of carbonate-hosted lead–zinc(Pb–Zn)ore deposits, known as Mississippi Valley Type(MVT)deposits, constitutes an important category of lead–zinc ore deposits. Previous studies proposed a fluid-mixing model to account for metal precipitation mechanism of the MVT ore deposits, in which fluids with metal-chloride complexes happen to mix with fluids with reduced sulfur, producing metal sulfide deposition. In this hypothesis, however, the detailed chemical kinetic process of mixing reactions, and especially the controlling factors on the metal precipitation are not yet clearly stated. In this paper, a series of mixing experiments under ambient temperature and pressure conditions were conducted to simulate the fluid mixing process, by titrating the metal-chloride solutions, doping withor without dolomite, and using NaHS solution. Experimental results, combined with the thermodynamic calculations, suggest that H_2S, rather than HS^-or S^(2-),dominated the reactions of Pb and/or Zn precipitation during the fluid mixing process, in which metal precipitation was influenced by the stability of metal complexes and the pH. Given the constant concentrations of metal and total S in fluids, the pH was a primary factor controlling the Pb and/or Zn metal precipitation. This is because neutralizing or neutralized processes for the ore-forming fluids can cause instabilities of Pb and/or Zn chloride complexes and re-distribution of sulfur species, and thus can facilitate the hydrolysis of Pb and Zn ions and precipitation of sulfides. Therefore, a weakly acidic to neutral fluid environment is most favorable for the precipitation of Pb and Zn sulfides associated with the carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposits.

Mixing Deposition of Upper Carboniferous in Jiangshan,Zhejiang Province and its Tectonic Significance

The Outangdi Formation in Jiangshan, Zhejiang, is the mixing deposit of terrigenous clastics and carbonates in Weiningian of the late Carboniferous. The mixing deposits include interbeddings, which constitute a series of alternated clastic and carbonate beds and mixing within the same bed which forms ＂hunji rock＂. The Outangdi Formation has the features of intercalated marine and terrestrial deposits with the progradational sequences, which are lower fine and upper coarse sedimentary granularity in the section. Hunji rock is formed in a seashore environment. It is a mixed carbonate sediment found in beaches or tideland facies with quartz sand taken from a bayou or beach by coastwise flow and circumfluence. There are two kinds of hunji sequences： （1） interbeds of sandstone and carbonate rock in seashore environments; and （2） interbeds of clastics in river facies and carbonate rock in ocean facies. It is indicated that mixing depositions belong to ＂facies mixing＂, affected mainly by regional tectonic uplift, rise of the global sea level, and the dynamics of water medium in the basin. Regional sea level periodic changes and progradational sequences probably resulted from the intense uplift of the old land called Cathaysia. The classification and name of mixed sediments are also discussed in the present study. Interbeds and alternated beds of clastic and carbonate beds are named ＂hunji sequence＂, a new genetic term. It is suggested that hunji rock means a special sediment event of mixing terrigenous clastics and carbonates instead of a name of a specific rock.

Numerical simulation for fluids mixing within seafloor hydrothermal sulfide deposit:taking the Trans-Atlantic Geo-Traverse (TAG) field for example

The formation mechanism of the large hydrothermal sulfide deposit is a complex geological process involving many controlling factors. Mixing between hydrothermal fluid and seawater plays a key role in this process. The results of the Ocean Drilling Program （ODP） indicate that mixing of the evolved seawater and hydrothermal fluid, which is wildly developed within the Trans-Atlantic Geo-Traverse （TAG） hydrothermal deposit, governs the internal structure and chemical compositions of the deposit to great extent. Taking the TAG field for example, the mixing processes of hydrothermal fluid with the seawater heated to different extent are calculated, so as to discuss the impact of hydrothermal fluid/seawater mixing on the formation process of the sulfide deposit. The results indicate that： （1） mixing between the heated seawater and hydrothermal fluid derived from the deep deposit is largely responsible for the wild precipitation of anhydrite within the TAG hydrothermal deposit; （2） 330-310℃ is a special temperature range in the mixing process; （3） the mixing and hydrothermal processes in different zones of the TAG hydrothermal deposit （TAG-1, TAG-2 and TAG-5, etc.） have been discussed based on the simulated results.

Geology and mineralization of the Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(1.65 Bt),Jilin,China:A review

The Daheishan supergiant porphyry molybdenum deposit(also referred to as the Daheishan deposit)is the second largest molybdenum deposit in Asia and ranks fifth among the top seven molybdenum deposits globally with total molybdenum reserves of 1.65 billion tons,an average molybdenum ore grade of 0.081%,and molybdenum resources of 1.09 million tons.The main ore body is housed in the granodiorite porphyry plutons and their surrounding inequigranular granodiorite plutons,with high-grade ores largely located in the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyries in the middle-upper part of the porphyry plutons.Specifically,it appears as an ore pipe with a large upper part and a small lower part,measuring about 1700 m in length and width,extending for about 500 m vertically,and covering an area of 2.3 km^(2).Mineralogically,the main ore body consists of molybdenite,chalcopyrite,and sphalerite horizontally from its center outward and exhibits molybdenite,azurite,and pyrite vertically from top to bottom.The primary ore minerals include pyrite and molybdenite,and the secondary ore minerals include sphalerite,chalcopyrite,tetrahedrite,and scheelite,with average grades of molybdenum,copper,sulfur,gallium,and rhenium being 0.081%,0.033%,1.67%,0.001%,and 0.0012%,respectively.The ore-forming fluids of the Daheishan deposit originated as the CO_(2)-H_(2)O-NaCl multiphase magmatic fluid system,rich in CO_(2)and bearing minor amounts of CH4,N2,and H2S,and later mixed with meteoric precipitation.In various mineralization stages,the ore-forming fluids had homogenization temperatures of>420℃‒400℃,360℃‒350℃,340℃‒230℃,220℃‒210℃,and 180℃‒160℃and salinities of>41.05%‒9.8%NaCleqv,38.16%‒4.48%NaCleqv,35.78%‒4.49%NaCleqv,7.43%NaCleqv,and 7.8%‒9.5%NaCleqv,respectively.The mineralization of the Daheishan deposit occurred at 186‒167 Ma.The granites closely related to the mineralization include granodiorites(granodiorite porphyries)and monzogranites(monzogranite porphyries),which were mineralized after magmatic evolution(189‒167 Ma).Moreover,these mineralization-related granites exhibit low initial strontium content and high initial neodymium content,indicating that these granites underwent crust-mantle mixing.The Daheishan deposit formed during the Early-Middle Jurassic,during which basaltic magma underplating induced the lower-crust melting,leading to the formation of magma chambers.After the fractional crystallization of magmas,ore-bearing fluids formed.As the temperature and pressure decreased,the ore-bearing fluids boiled drops while ascending,leading to massive unloading of metal elements.Consequently,brecciated and veinlet-disseminated ore bodies formed.

预混合和预沉积MIEX-超滤处理含藻水的膜污染控制

为了降低超滤处理含藻水的膜污染,探究了预混合和预沉积磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)超滤处理含藻水的膜污染控制。对实验过程中的总阻力、可逆阻力及不可逆阻力进行分析,并使用扫描电子显微镜、三维荧光光谱、不可逆污染组分及超滤过滤模型对膜污染机理进行探究。结果表明:在相同投加量下,预沉积MIEX比预混合MIEX膜污染的控制更好,最大预沉积量为235.2 mL/m^(2)时,膜污染控制最好,此时预沉积MIEX的总阻力、可逆阻力和不可逆阻力分别比预混合MIEX的相应值低52.7%、65.7%和50.1%;蛋白质均是造成2种投加方式不可逆阻力的主要原因;随着预混合投加量的增加,滤饼层厚度从4.82 m降低至4.07 m,滤饼层内藻细胞及胞外有机物(EOM)含量降低;在预沉积MIEX中,随着沉积量的增加,沉积层形态发生变化,当沉积量最大时,沉积层拦截较多藻细胞和EOM,形成明显的藻类滤饼层。

镁铁质岩浆周期性补给对云南普朗斑岩Cu-Au矿床的制约:能量约束下热力学模拟

镁铁质岩浆周期性补给于硅酸质岩浆房是形成大型斑岩矿床的关键因素。本文以普朗超大型斑岩Cu-Au矿床为例,通过能量约束体系下的热力学方法模拟浅部硅酸质岩浆房中镁铁质岩浆周期性补给过程,定量评估该过程对形成大型斑岩矿床的控制作用。普朗矿床成矿前粗粒石英闪长玢岩(CQD)和成矿期石英二长斑岩(QMP)复式岩体中均普遍发育镁铁质暗色微粒包体(MMEs),岩相学特征显示斑岩体中角闪石和黑云母发育韵律环带结构或港湾状溶蚀结构以及针柱状磷灰石的存在均指示发生了镁铁质岩浆混合作用。与单一的分离结晶模型(FC)相比,多阶段岩浆补给-分离结晶模型(R3FC)显示,镁铁质岩浆的补给一方面会抑制长石的结晶,另一方面会促进钙铁镁和铁镁等多类型角闪石的形成,并大幅提前黑云母的结晶次序。以硅酸质岩浆物质摩尔分数变化与挥发分之间相关性为参照,获得的熔体H_(2) O、SCSS(硫化物饱和时硅酸盐熔体中的S含量)和Cl溶解度显示,镁铁质岩浆补给将在岩浆演化早期提高而在晚期降低残余熔体H_(2)O含量(0.16%、0.04%、-0.30%),持续提高熔体SCSS(78.74×10^(-6)、94.44×10^(-6)和137.88×10^(-6))和Cl溶解度(0.04%、0.10%和0.20%),但对Cu含量影响有限。结果表明,能量约束体系下的R3FC和FC热力学模型不仅能够合理解释普朗复式斑岩体矿物结构特征,也定量验证了镁铁质岩浆的补给对成矿岩体异常高H_(2) O、S和Cl含量的贡献。

基于混合胺的PVDF复合疏松纳滤膜及其在染料废水处理中的应用

为了对染料废水中的染料和盐进行有效的分离、促进染料的回收利用,文章探讨了在共沉积与界面聚合组合法制备PVDF复合疏松纳滤膜过程中,GAZ/PEI对PVDF复合疏松纳滤膜选择层的微观结构、表面粗糙度、过滤性能及其在模拟活性黑5(RB5)染料废水处理中的应用等情况的影响。研究结果表明随着GAZ/PEI的增加,PVDF复合疏松纳滤膜表面结节减小,选择层厚度降低,表面粗糙度减小,纯水通量增大,PEG800截留率降低,染料废水通量增大,GAZ/PEI为9/91时,膜性能最佳,此时纯水通量和染料溶液通量较单一胺分别提高了91.6%和109.1%,RB5和NaCl的截留率分别为94.3%和2.1%,在运行时间内,基于混合胺的PVDF复合疏松纳滤膜体现了较好的运行稳定性。

In-situ powder mixing for laser-based directed energy deposition of functionally graded materials

The mixing of powders is a highly relevant field under additive manufacturing,however,it has attracted limited interest to date.The in-situ mixing of various powders remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a new method utilizing a static mixer for the in-situ mixing of multiple powders through the laser-based directed energy deposition(DED)of functionally graded materials.Firstly,a powder-mixing experimental platform was established;WC and 316L powders were selected for the mixing experiments.Secondly,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and image processing were used to visually evaluate the homogeneity and proportion of the in-situ mixed powder.Furthermore,powder-mixing simulations were conducted to determine the powder-mixing mechanism.In the simulations,a powder carrier gas flow field and particle mixing were employed.Finally,a WC/316L metal matrix composite sample was produced using laser-based DED to verify the application potential of the static mixer.It was found that the static mixer could adjust the powder ratio online,and a response time of 1–2 s should be considered when adjusting the ratio of the mixed powder.A feasible approach for in-situ powder mixing for laser-based DED was demonstrated and investigated,creating the basis for functionally graded materials.

基于灰色关联分析的熔融沉积制件表面质量优化

为提高FDM打印件的表面质量,基于灰色关联分析对打印件进行了多目标优化。选择打印层厚、打印件高度、基板温度、喷嘴温度、打印速度为研究因素,实验目标为翘曲量、Z向尺寸收缩量、体积收缩量整体最优,设计五因素混合水平正交实验。实验结果表明:Z向尺寸收缩量和整体收缩量变化趋势不一致,可以通过改变打印件的摆放位置使得打印件某一方向的收缩量较小;打印件在Z向尺寸较小的情况下,翘曲变形以及收缩量都较大;在打印层厚0.28 mm、打印件高度较高、喷嘴温度210℃,基板温度55℃、打印速度30 mm·s^(-1)时打印件具有较高的表面质量。研究结果将为提高打印PLA制件精度提供数据支撑。

渤海湾盆地渤中C构造区沙一段混合沉积特征与发育模式

渤海湾盆地沙河街组沙一段、沙二段陆源碎屑岩与湖相碳酸盐岩的混合沉积是古近系重要的含油层系之一。为阐明该类储层沉积特征及发育模式,更好服务于勘探开发,以渤中C构造区为例,依据钻井、测井、地震及岩心分析化验等资料,对研究区沙一段混合沉积的岩石学特征、影响因素及其发育模式开展详细研究。结果表明,研究区沙一段混合沉积主要发育生屑云岩和粒屑砂砾岩两种岩石类型,分属于扇三角洲型和生屑滩型混合沉积;其中生屑云岩属于中高孔、中渗储层,是油田产能主要贡献层,该类储层主要受古地貌和古环境等因素影响,基于回剥法精细恢复古地貌,结合实钻结果,提出了“生屑云岩环岛状分布、向阳缓坡好、背阴陡坡差的发育模式”,进而预测研究区南部缓坡区为生屑云岩发育“甜点区”。研究成果成功指导了油田调整及挖潜,对类似油田储层研究具有借鉴意义。

Dynamics of Ore-Forming Processesof the Stratabound Skarn Copper Depositsof Tongling, Anhui Province

The skarn and ore bodies of the stratabound skarn copper deposits of Tongling, Anhui Province, are both controlled by definite stratigraphic horizons, and they are concordant with the strata. They occur as layers and layer-like bodies in permeable carbonate rocks of the Middle-Upper Carboniferous Huanglong and Chuanshan Formations which are underlain by impermeable shale or siliceous rocks of the Upper Devonian Wutong Formation. The authors study the dynamics of ore-forming processes of the ore deposits with the dynamic model of coupled transport and reaction, and the following results are obtained: The salinity gradient and flow rate of the ore-forming fluids can both promote the mixing and reaction of juvenile water and formation water, and the permeable strata are favourable sites for the intense transport-reaction of mixing and the formation of deposits. (2) As isothermal transport-reaction took place along the bedding of strata, the moving transport-reaction front formed at the contact between the ore-forming fluids and the rocks advanced slowly along the permeable strata, and then stratiform skarn and ore bodies concordant with the strata were formed. (3) The gradient transport-reaction taking place across the isotherms in the cross-bedding direction caused the mineralogical composition to alter gradually from magnesian skarn to sulphide ore bodies.

Rugate filters prepared by rapidly alternating deposition

A methodology for the fabrication of composite （Nb205）l-x（SiO2）~ thin-film rugate filters by using pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering is presented. The two materials are mixed using rapidly alternating deposition technol- ogy. The optical properties of the composite films varying with the composition of the material are studied in detail, Refractive indices between 1.50 and 2.14 can be realized in our coating system. Two designed rugate filters with a re- flection band at the wavelength of 532 nm are fabricated using an automatic deposition process. The microstructure of the rugate filter is investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. The calculated and the measured transmittance spectra axe in good agreement with each other, The causes of the slight differences between them are also analysed.

Geology and mineralization of the Pulang supergiant porphyry copper deposit(5.11 Mt)in Shangri-la,Yunnan Province,China:A review

The porphyry copper belt in the Geza island arc in southwestern China is the only Indosinian porphyry copper metallogenic belt that has been discovered and evaluated so far.The Pulang porphyry copper deposit(also referred to as the Pulang deposit)in this area has proven copper reserves of 5.11×106 t.This deposit has been exploited on a large scale using advanced mining methods,exhibiting substantial economic benefit.Based on many research results of previous researchers and the authors’team,this study proposed the following key insights.(1)The Geza island arc was once regarded as an immature island arc with only andesites and quartz diorite porphyrites occurring.This understanding was overturned in this study.Acidic endmember components such as quartz monzonite porphyries and quartz monzonite porphyries have been identified in the Geza island arc,and the mineralization is mainly related to the magmatism of quartz monzonite porphyries.(2)Complete porphyry orebodies and large vein orebodies have developed in the Pulang deposit.Main orebody KT1 occurs in the transition area between the potassium silicate alteration zone of quartz monzonite porphyries and the sericite-quartz alteration zone.Most of them have developed in the potassium silicate alteration zone.The main orebody occurs as large lenses at the top of the hanging wall of rock bodies,with an engineering-controlled length of 1920 m and thickness of 32.5‒630.29 m(average:187.07 m).It has a copper grade of 0.21%-1.56%(average:0.42%)and proven copper resources of 5.11×10^(6) t,which are associated with 113 t of gold,1459 t of silver,and 170×10^(3) t of molybdenum.(3)Many studies on diagenetic and metallogenic chronology,isotopes,and fluid inclusions have been carried out for the Pulang deposit,including K-Ar/Ar-Ar dating of monominerals(e.g.,potassium feldspars,biotites,and amphiboles),zircon U-Pb dating,and molybdenite Re-Os dating.The results show that the porphyries in the Pulang deposit are composite plutons and can be classified into pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyrites,quartz monzonite porphyries formed during the mineralization,and post-mineralization granite porphyries,which were formed at 223±3.7 Ma,218±4 Ma,and 207±3.9 Ma,respectively.The metallogenic age of the Pulang deposit is 213‒216 Ma.(4)The petrogeochemical characteristics show that the Pulang deposit has the characteristics of volcanic arc granites.The calculation results of trace element contents in zircons show that quartz monzonite porphyries and granite porphyries have higher oxygen fugacity.The isotopic tracing results show that the diagenetic and metallogenic materials were derived from mixed crust-and mantle-derived magmas.

Spatiotemporal model of open-pit based on 3-D deposit model

A new method was put forward to make up the three-dimensional deposit model, and the spatiotemporal models of open-pit with temporal dynamics were also studied combined with the corrected models of multilevel ground states so as to bring the three-dimensional open-pit model at different time and its model serial formed from the evolvement into the management of temporal dimension in order to realize the spatial three-dimension and temporal dynamic for the mining management in open-pits,which makes this model easy to query and analyze 3-D information, also help surface mining replaying and stope evolution forecasting. Finally, the time-spatial model was established to show the dynamic mining on some open-pit under the windows XP and VC++ environment.

Optical and Electrical Properties of Polyimide Thin Films Doped-Cu-phthalocyanine Polymerized by Vapor Phase Deposition

Using Cu-phthalocyanine（CuPc）,4,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether and pyromellitic dianhydride as monomer materials, polyimide（PI） thin films doped-CuPc have been prepared onto glass substrate by vapor phase co-deposition polymerization under a vacuum of 2×10-3Pa and thermal curing of polyamic acid film in at temperature of 150-200℃ for 60min. In this process, the polymerization can be carried out through controlling the stoichiometric ratio, heating time and deposition rates of the three monomers. IR spectrum identifies the designed chemical structure of the polymer. The absorption of polyimide doped-CuPc is very intense in vis-range and near-infrared by UV-Vis spectrum. And, the PI films doped-CuPc polymerized by vapor phase deposition have uniformity, fine thermal stability and good nonlinear optical properties, and the third-order optical nonlinear susceptibility χ（3） with degenerate four-wave mixing can be 1.984×10-9ESU.

Effect of Composition and Morphology on Sensor Properties of Aerosol Deposited Nanostructured ZnO+In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>Films

The structural characteristics are investigated of nanoheterogeneous films comprising ZnO, In2 O3 and ZnO + In2 O3 composite produced by aerosol spray pyrolysis technique (SPT). The process utilizes water solutions of zinc chloride and indium nitrate precursors. The X-ray diffraction data show that the SPT process results in polycrystalline films of hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO, and In2 O3 crystals of cubic structure. SPT-synthesized ZnO + In2 O3composites contain mixtures of these crystals. The morphology of the synthesized films is studied by scanning electron microscopy as well as the dependence of morphology on the synthesis conditions, specifically the temperature of the aerosol precipitation and the concentration of the precursors in solutions. The characteristics of nucleation and growth of oxide crystals during the synthesis of ZnO + In2 O3 composite films are also considered. The film with the composition 25 wt% ZnO + 75 wt% In2 O3 contains a large number of small crystal aggregates of arbitrary shape with a high density of contacts between the aggregates and are characterized by a homogeneous structure with high dispersion. Such morphology has high specific surface, which favors high sensory response. In addition, in this range of aggregate composition the relationship between the particles of the catalytically active component- ZnO, cleavage of hydrogen molecule, and In2 O3particles with a high concentration of conduction electrons is close to optimal for the maximum sensory effect in the detection of hydrogen.

Strontium isotopic geochemistry of Tianqiao Pb-Zn deposit, Southwest China

Tianqiao carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposit, controlled by NW-trending F37 thrust fault and NW-trending Tianqiao anticline, is located in the eastern part of Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou(SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province, southwestern Yangtze Block, southwest China. Ore bodies in this deposit are hosted in the Devonian-Carboniferous carbonate rocks, and ore minerals include sphalerite, galena and pyrite, while the gangue minerals are dominated by calcite and dolomite. Using high–precision solid thermal ionization mass spectrometry(TIMS), this paper reports the strontium isotopic compositions(0.7119 to 0.7167) of sulfide samples from the Tianqiao deposit in order to trace the origin of hydrothermal fluids. Compared with the country rocks, the calculated 87Sr/86Sr200 Ma values of sulfide range from 0.7118 to 0.7130, higher than those of the age-corrected Devonian to Permian sedimentary rocks(0.7073 to 0.7101) and the Middle Permian Emeishan flood basalts(0.7078 to 0.7039), but lower than those of the age-corrected Proterozoic basement rocks(such as the Kunyang and Huili Groups, 87Sr/86Sr200 Ma=0.7243 to 0.7288). This implies a mixed strontium source between the older basement rocks and the younger cover sequences. Together with geologic and previous isotopic evidences, we considered that the fluids' mixing is a possible mechanism for sulfide precipitation in the Tianqiao deposit.