Analysis on the Causes of the Plight of Chinese Rural Migrant Workers＇ Endowment Insurance

At present, Chinese society is from traditional society to modern society in transition to accelerate, in the social, political, and economic structure, great changes have taken place; due to strong liquidity, migrant workers＇ groups in social security, are still in the stage of development, and there are still a lot of problems, especially the problem of endowment insurance. Although local governments develop the old-age insurance of migrant workers with their own characteristics, and have their respective advantages, but the effect is not ideal, as follows： ＂one low and one high＂, namely the migrant workers＇ participation rate was low and the insurance of migrant workers was ＂high rate of surrender＂. The reason is both within the Chinese social transformation factors, and external economic globalization competition; both obiectively, government policy implementation is not in place, and subjectively, migrant workers lack insured willing.

Influence of traditional values for migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance

Since the reform and opening up, labor force from countryside turn to cities with the developing of market economy, migrant workers have become a new class in our social stratum which has made a great contribution for the Chinese construction and the national economy. The related interests about endowment insurance to migrant workers have a great significance on their old life. The latest information released by the National Bureau of Statistics show that the proportion of migrant workers to participate in endowment insurance is only 15.7%. The actively of migrant workers attend pension insurance is not very high. The article through learning the literature, a method combining empirical research and the interview, find that the traditional values are still an important aspect to bound migrant workers to attend endowment insurance. Especially their traditional concepts of ＂raise children to provide against old age＂ are still very strong.

Construction Strategies of Social Security System for Wan-jiang Urban Belt's Migrant Workers

Theoretical debate and practice exploration on social security of migrant workers were introduced.The political direction and security layer on social security for migrant workers in Wan-jiang urban belt were analyzed:the first layer is to implement wage payment guarantee and employment injury insurance;the second layer is to emphasize serious disease insurance and endowment insurance;the third layer is unemployed insurance and social assistance.The primary strategy of building a social security system for migrant workers in Wan-jiang urban belt was put up:wage payment guarantee system that is united in certain regions should be promoted;employment injury insurance system that is undertaken by enterprises should be built;a social health care system for serious diseases should be set up;multi-layers endowment insurance system for migrant workers should be created;vocational training and training in how to start a business should be built as well as the unemployment insurance system;social assistant system based on the basic cost of living allowances should be set up.

Analysis of Public Goods Supply of New Generation Migrant Workers' Urban and Rural Double Marginalization

Status quo of urban and rural public goods supply in China is analyzed.Firstly,public goods supply in rural areas is inadequate,for example,inadequate supply of agricultural infrastructure,lack of expenditure in agricultural science and technology,problems of rural drinking water safety,problems of rural roads and transportation,low levels of health care,weak rural public culture,short supply of farmers' education.Secondly,the system and level of urban public goods provision can't meet migrant workers' demand,for example,less migrant workers are employed by the governments' direction;migrant workers are isolated by urban housing project and these workers have difficulty in receiving city social security.One reason of new generation migrant workers facing the double marginalization of rural and urban crisis is that urban and rural public goods supply are different in particular the inadequate supply of public goods in rural areas.Three countermeasures are put forward in order to relieve new generation migrant workers' double marginalization of urban and rural,which include increasing financial input in rural areas in order to achieve equalization of urban and rural public goods,perfecting the preferential agricultural policy to increase rural public goods supply,making urban public goods supply as a guide to promote the new generation migrant workers into the city.

Theory,Demonstration and Methods: Research on Social Security of Migrant Workers by Domestic Scholar

Social security of migrant workers has been significant in dissolving social contradictions and achieving the economic and social development in China during the transitional period. The researches of domestic scholar on social security of migrant workers can be classified into three categories. Firstly, theoretical analysis on social security of migrant workers, including researches on the appeal of social security and misunderstanding of recognition, theory-construction of rural worker social security, policy defects and equity construction in social security system of migrant workers. Secondly, real studies on social security of migrant workers, including researches on sequence of demand and influencing factors of social security of migrant workers as well as intrinsic motivation forming the perspective on social security. Lastly, road exploration of establishing social security system, including researches on the multi-level development of rural worker social security system, comparison of "Double-low method", "Guangdong Method" and "Shanghai Method" of the social security of migrant workers in Zhejiang Province and establishing multi-level social security system according to the hierarchy after the internal differentiation.

The Characteristics,Cause of Formation and Countermeasures of Migrant Workers' Poverty

The migrant worker is the special group in the process of Chinese economic and social transition.The migrant workers' poverty has the characteristics as follows:transferability,marginality,intervention,aggregation,development,circulatory cumulativeness and intergenerational transmission of poverty.The migrant workers' poverty includes capital poverty,right poverty and sustainability poverty.The capital poverty and right poverty hamper migrant workers' survival,development and farmer's citizenship,while the sustainability poverty is the root cause of poverty.Only by system reconstruction,endowment of capital and restoration of ability can the migrant workers get rid of the mire of poverty.

Social insurance for migrant workers in China:impact of the 2008 Labour Contract Law

Using the China Household Income Project(CHIP)2007,2008,and 2009 longitudinal migrant survey data,this article provides new evidence on the effects of China’s 2008 Labour Contract Law(LCL)on migrant workers’social insurance participation,including in pensions,work injury insurance,unemployment insurance,medical insurance,and the housing provident fund.We find consistently strong evidence that migrant workers’labour contract status was significantly associated with their participation in all five types of social insurance.In particular,having or gaining a long-term contract helped promote migrant workers’social insurance participation,while losing one such contract decreased their chance of social insurance participation.Using a difference-in-differences(DID)method and focussing on the panel sample,we find that the implementation of the LCL helped boost migrant workers’chance of social insurance participation consistently and significantly,especially for those who gained a long-term contract.These findings suggest that the LCL at least partly reached its intended policy goal of improving social protection for migrant workers,a disadvantaged group in the Chinese labour market.Future research should use longitudinal data and rigorous methods to track the long-term impact of this important law and help build a strong,unified social insurance system for all Chinese citizens.

人口老龄化视域下瑞典养老保险制度及其对我国的启示

在人口老龄化背景下,我国城镇职工基本养老保险还存在全国统筹尚未完全发展成熟,地区间养老金存在差异,基本养老保险财务可持续性面临压力,养老金替代率低等问题。瑞典作为老龄化国家实行多支柱养老保障体系,借鉴瑞典养老保险制度的先进经验,提出应不断完善统账结合制度模式中的个人账户,发展多层次养老保险,实施渐进式延迟退休政策等建议,以期为我国城镇职工基本养老保险发展提供参考。

养老保险水平对农民工主观幸福感的影响——基于消费支出的中介效应

中国经济发展迈入新平台,更加注重经济发展的质量,增强全体人民的“幸福感与获得感”是高质量发展的重要体现。基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据(CHFS),本研究利用倾向得分匹配法,深入探讨了养老保险及其相关水平如何影响农民工的幸福感,并以消费支出为中介,进一步考察了具体的影响机制。研究发现,在我国大力推动普及养老保险的背景下,养老保险的幸福促进效应不明显,而养老保险的相对水平是影响农民工幸福感的重要因素,相对于参加低水平养老保险的农民工,参加高水平养老保险的农民工幸福感高出20.8%-23.8%。同时消费支出在参加高水平养老保险对幸福感的影响中发挥着中介作用,即参加高水平养老保险能够通过促进消费支出来提升农民工的幸福感。对此,研究认为政府要着眼于养老保障的公平性,妥善提升农民工养老保险的保障水平,有效促进农民工的消费支出,增强其幸福感。

农民工纳入对城镇养老保险体系的冲击:模型与实证

基于世代交叠模型,研究了农民工纳入对城镇基本养老保险体系的冲击。研究发现:从微观视角看,农民工纳入后,机关事业单位、城镇企业职工是再分配的转出者,而个缴人员和农民工是财富转移的受益方,即通过高收入者的缴费来补偿低收入者,有利于缩小收入差距和实现共同富裕;从宏观视角看,在现收现付制度下,农民工纳入城镇职工养老保险体系后,由于劳动力结构优化,制度赡养比下降,有利于实现城镇养老保险制度的长期财务平衡从而维持制度可持续运行。若不考虑农民工用工企业的缴费压力,则城镇养老金制度的完善,既要抓住城镇化的机遇和农民工“人口红利”,尽早把农民工纳入城镇养老保险体系;也要未雨绸缪,优化人口结构,以应对农民工迁移衰退期可能形成的挑战和压力。

Consumption Structure of Migrant Worker Families in China

This study draws on a survey of migrants in 12 cities across four major urbanizing areas in China and investigates the structure of migrant worker families＇urban and rural consumption. The results show that the structure of migrant worker families＇ consumption has been dominated by survival consumption. These families tend to live frugally in cities while engaging in conspicuous consumption in their rural hometowns. The structure of migrant worker families＇consumption is mainly shaped by their income stability and wealth levels rather than their current income level. Moreover, migrant worker families with high educational levels and those who intend to settle permanently in cities are likely to allocate substantial expenditure to status and hedonic consumption and to upgrade their urban consumption structure.

农民工养老保险参保行为及其影响因素分析——基于江苏五市(县)的调查数据

本研究基于江苏五市(县)调查数据,反映了农民工养老保险参保状况与模式,并对影响农民工参保的个体特征、外出打工原因、收入、流动性、制度、留城意愿六个方面的因素给出了解释。调查结果表明,当前农民工养老保险参保率低的问题主要是由制度障碍造成的,包括缴费年限太长、养老关系接续转移困难;个体特征中的性别和年龄影响比较显著,文化程度的影响相对较低;城市之间的流动性对参保行为的显著影响,说明养老关系接续转移存在的困难和农民工对养老保险制度的信任度不高。在进城之前,农民工的个体特征已基本成型,流动性强也是客观事实,因此,要提高农民工养老保险的参保率,须从破除制度障碍入手。

西部地区从业农民工社会养老保险需求的影响因素分析——基于西安市农民工的调查

本文从支付意愿与支付能力两个层次,提出西部地区从业农民工社会养老保险需求影响因素的假设,并以西安市农民工实际调查资料为基础,通过logistic模型对假设进行实证分析。结果表明,性别、子女数量、年龄、受教育程度对农民工社会养老保险支付意愿有显著影响;收入水平、支出水平在一定范围内对其支付能力有显著影响。总体上,西部地区从业农民工对社会养老保险的支付意愿与支付能力并不强烈,社会养老保险的有效需求尚未形成。

代际视角下农民工参加养老保险的影响因素——基于陕西省调查数据的实证研究

基于对陕西省565位农民工参加养老保险问题的调查数据,从农民工异质化视角出发,通过建立logistic模型分别分析新生代农民工与老一代农民工参加社会养老保险的情况及其影响因素,结果发现,两代农民工参加养老保险的影响因素存在代际差异。基于分析结果,提出重视养老保险政策宣传、加强企业养老保险制度的规范实施,以及进一步完善农村土地改革政策等有针对性的政策建议,以提高农民工参加养老保险的意愿。

公平视野下农民工养老保险的困境与出路

公平享有养老保险是农民工的基本权利,也是新型城镇化建设中公共服务均等化的重要目标。然而,在我国基本养老保险制度体系公平缺失、碎片化严重、不同制度之间衔接不畅的现实下,保障农民工公平享有基本养老保险只能是一个既定目标,而受这一外在制度环境的制约,公平极度不足、参保率低、退保率高、转移接续困难等也就成为农民工基本养老保险的必然特征。从养老保险制度体系改革的整体性与系统性来看,仅针对农民工基本养老保险制度的单纯性改革已然不能解决根本问题,从全局性视角出发来构建底线公平的养老保险体系才是根本出路。

一线城市农民工社会保险参保状况及其影响因素实证分析

农民工群体社会保障建设是近年来学者对农民工问题关注的一个焦点问题。文章对"北上广深"农民工的社会保险参保状况及其影响因素进行定量分析。研究结果表明:农民工的参保状况依然推进缓慢,且不同就业身份、单位性质,对农民工社会保险参保率有着较大的影响。因此,提高农民工社会保险参保率,要从提升农民工就业质量着手,促进他们更多地从次级劳动力市场转入首级劳动力市场,这样才能加快农民工社会保障建设进程,推进农民工的城市化。

新生代农民工养老保险参与意愿及影响因素研究——基于南通市和石家庄市两地的调查

本文通过相应的数据模型,对新生代农民工的养老保险参与情况与主观意愿及其影响因素进行了分析与讨论。研究认为,新生代农民工个体的基本特征和就业状况并没有对其主观的参与意愿产生较大影响,而对养老风险的认知、养老保险信任度、居住城市的可能性和养老方式的选择则对参保意愿具有显著影响。本文认为,扩展城镇层面社会政策的吸纳范围和制度覆盖面,应考虑到政策受众的需求。

农民工养老保险需求强度及其影响因素分析——基于广州市农民工的调查数据

基于有限理性假说,构建了农民工养老保险需求强度影响因素的分析框架,运用广州市529份问卷数据进行Logistic回归分析。研究表明,年龄、文化程度、是否举家在城、来城年限、留城意愿、养老观念、权利意识等变量的作用使农民工具有较高的城镇职工养老保险需求强度。

流动人口参加城镇职工医疗保障的行为及成因分析

医疗保障是流动人口最为迫切的保障需求,但不到三成流动人口享受城镇职工医疗保障,且参保率高低与流动人口的就业状态、产业结构和个人市民化取向有关。流动人口参保率低主要由于流动人口医疗保障供给与流动人口实际需求不匹配、医疗保障转移接续与流动人口的高流动不匹配、流动人口医疗保障参保自愿性原则与流动人口弱势地位的不匹配、流动人口医疗保障财政预算体制与流动人口回流不匹配。

新生代农民工社会养老保险参与行为及影响因素实证研究

基于对陕西、青海、贵州3省19个地级行政区1124名新生代农民工的问卷调查,本文实证分析了新生代农民工社会养老保险参与行为及影响因素。logistic回归分析发现,新生代农民工的年龄、婚姻、学历、政治资本、就业地区、养老区域选择、政策获得渠道、政策知晓度和政策期望值对社会养老保险参与行为都有显著影响。政府应该增加社会养老保险政策信息获得渠道,提高新生代农民工对政策的知晓度,降低政策"便携性损失",提高新生代农民工对政策的期望值,以激励新生代农民工的参与行为。