Ecological Planning for Urban Green Space System——A Case Study of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone

Based on overview of development history and research advances of do- mestic and foreign urban green space system planning, this paper made clear rele- vant concepts of the urban green space system. Urban green space system is a key region for protecting ecological resources. Taking Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example, on the basis of in-depth survey, it made a systematic study on green space system planning combining current situa- tions of green space and regional spatial characteristics of Chongqing Economic and Technological Development Zone. It discussed how to restore and build urban green space system, protect ecological environment, and promote regional economic de- velopment and harmony between human and nature through design of ecological technologies and landscape in the ecological planning of urban green space system.

Conservation-minded Urban Green Space System Planning in the Urban-rural Integration

Environmental and ecological problems in the urban-rural integration were analyzed, characteristics of urban green space system introduced, such as excellent landscape eco-structure, distinctive historical and humanistic features, and diversified natural landscape resources, and also challenges pointed out. Evolution, overall spatial structure and conservation concept of conservation-minded urban green space system planning were elaborated, on the basis of which the evaluation system of conservation-minded urban green space system was studied, and it was proposed that mutual relationship between impact factors of compound value and qualitative evaluation factors should be taken into consideration as a whole in evaluating conservation effects of green space system. Quantitative evaluation indexes and qualitative evaluation measures were analyzed, an objective and precise evaluation system for the conservation-minded urban green space system was established by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to improve ecological environment during the urbanization, and fully show planning concepts of conservation-minded green space system.

Butterfly taxonomic and functional diversity in the urban green spaces of Hefei city

Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.

Ecological Planning and Design of Urban Green Space System of Sanya City

The construction of International Tourism Island has accelerated the development of Sanya City. The population aggregation and the external extension of urban area have brought a lot of negative effects, such as discontinuities of green space matrix, dysfunction of green wedge permeation, deficiency of eco-corridor, structural imbalance of green space system and so on. The overall layout of Green space system known as "One Belt & Three Bays, One Core & Six Towns, Two Axes & Three Wedges, Two Net Synchronous-construction" strengthens the eco-connection among different groups and green space in central area of the city, and realizes the collaborative construction of both resource corridor and landscape corridor. The eco-layout of green core, green corridor and green patch helps keep the integrity of large vegetation patches, enhances the eco-connection of different types of green space and improves finger-shaped network of urban green space. The most efficient way to promote the circulation of urban ecosystem and the positive development of Sanya City is to plan multilevel and three-dimensional eco-space structure and maximize ecological benefits of green space system.

Analysis of problems in urban green space system planning in China

This paper discusses the major problems in urban green space system （UGSS） planning at both general and special planning levels in China. At general planning level, the problems of the UGSS are mainly from the ignorance in the characteristics of urban nature spaces and the limitation factors of the urban planning system. Great importance is attached to the green spaces in the built area of city, but the green spaces in surrounding areas of the city is unnoticed. Furthermore, because the area of UGSS planning is strictly limited by the administrative zoning, the green space system loses its integrity and rationality in spatial patterns. The schedules of urban development planning mismatched the paces and progresses of the ecological restoration cycles. At special plan level, the problem of the UGSS in China is that the green spaces quantity was over emphasized but the rationality of their layouts is neglected.. Meanwhile, the requirement of the spatial structures and the green spaces layouts to balance between the urban development and the natural ecological environments is often ignored. With regard to the layouts in the UGSS planning practices, the existing problems are the compromising to the existing land-uses, the ＇filling in＇ approach to plan green spaces and an over-emphasis on the layout patterns.

Planning of Urban Public Disaster-prevention Green Spaces: A Case Study of Living Water Park in Chengdu City

Based on disaster-prevention functions of urban public green spaces, necessity and significance of emergency shelters in a city were analyzed. Taking Living Water Park in Chengdu for example, planning of urban public disaster-prevention green spaces was analyzed to further explore planning of urban disaster-prevention green space system and refugee spaces, and provide instructions for the planning and construction of urban disaster-prevention green spaces in China.

Green infrastructure： a planning concept for the urban transformation of former coal-mining cities

Green infrastructure is a concept aimed at realizing a strategically planned network of valuable natural and seminatural areas, designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect biodiversity in rural and urban settings. In the general post-mining context of China and Germany, this paper suggests and outlines an approach that combines green infrastructure with specific concepts of post-mining landscapes. While Germany has a long tradition of post-mining restoration, concepts of green infrastructure are still poorly developed. China, on the other hand, has taken its first steps in the restoration of coal regions, and could profit from the new concepts while drawing on Germany＇s experience. The potentials of relevant strategies are investigated here through two case studies from Germany and China. Although there are significant differences in the post-mining development strategies of these two countries, it is clear that the green infrastructure concept can contribute significantly to a growth in ecosystem services. Four advantages of the green infrastructure concept are seen： First, it enables a systematic and highly objective assessment of mining impacts on the ecosystem. Second, the concept assists in the implementation of urban sustainability goals. Third, it is rooted in the local characteristics of landscapes. And finally, the green infrastructure concept seems to be highly compatible with tools of landscape and regional planning.

Rural Residential Space Differentiation and Social Ecology

After reviewing the rural development in China since the establishment of new China,the paper has pointed out that the promotion of urbanization and construction of new socialist countryside have led to the migration of a number of rural people,the damage of traditional communities,rural social hierarchy and social separation.With the movement of people,a large area of rural lands have been abandoned and land resources been wasted.In view of these problems,it is considered that it should not adopt urban construction mode blindly in rural planning,but reconstruct rural social ecology and introduce non physical pattern planning based on rural development and villagers'status,providing a solid basis for physical pattern planning,so as to guide urban-rural coordinated development.

Study on the Layout of Urban Planning in Rapid Urbanization Areas under the Background of Air Pollution

China＇s urbanization has been over the medium-term process,which has made great achievements,but also triggered a huge problem of air pollution. Air pollution has become a big problem after the water pollution in China,and a serious threat to people＇s life and health. Under the background of ＂ the construction of beautiful China＂ and rapid urbanization,how to build a beautiful home has become the focus of attention. Taking Shenyang as an example,the author contrastively analyses the spatial distribution of the main air pollutants（ PM10,PM2. 5,and SO2） and the present situation of land use,and thus finds out the rules between pollutants distribution and land use. Then combining the urban planning scheme and the rules obtained above,reasonable suggestions are proposed for the scheme to improve the air quality,and reduce or avoid air pollution,and providing the basis for the construction of a piece of blue sky. The conclusions are as follows： 1 air pollutants concentration above Light Oil Gas Making Factory in south vice city of Shenyang reaches the peak value,and industrial point source is the main air pollutants emission source; 2 pollutants concentration above greenbelt is the lowest; 3 the overall spatial structure of urban planning can insulate the industrial agglomeration areas to some extent; greenbelt planning covers 40%- 50% of the area with high concentration of air pollutants,and it is suggested to achieve full coverage; traffic planning can achieve shunt most of the pollutants in many regions,but it can also expand the scope of pollutants in some certain regions,in such regions,it should reduce the road density.

Assessment of Urban Greenery Status in Major Cities of Oromia, Ethiopia

This work aims at studying different green spaces’experiences in developed countries and extrapolates the experiences to Oromia cities in Ethiopia;in order to investigate and promote greenery infrastructure in selected cities.To do that greenery practice performance data were collected in four cities,which were classified into two groups as good and weak performers.As a result,Adama and Bishoftu cities were good urban greenery performers whereas Burayu and Sebeta were weak performers.The cities were also selected non-randomly to investigate the current urban greenery practice and different green areas in each city.Eight green areas were taken as samples for observation,where qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources.The assessment of data confirmed that green areas along the roadside,recreational parks,open areas,and nursery sites existed in most cities.The urban plan of some cities does exclude most green area components.Greenery sites in Bishoftu and Adama are relatively better,while in Burayu and Sebeta urban greenery are highly abused for changing to another type of land use,e.g.,residential and institutional areas.The technical skills of tree planting,care,protection,and management were also observed as a collective resource.

Innovative Theoretical Study and Technical Practice in Urban-Rural Eco-Planning and Green Building Construction

In order to satisfy the demands of the rapid urbanization and improve the environment of China's human settlements, the Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Urban-Rural Eco-Planning & Green Building at Tsinghua University was founded. This paper introduces the primary achievements in theoretical studies and technical practices by the lab from five perspectives in the past three years, as well as the future development.

基于CITYgreen的城市绿地规划研究

采用地理信息系统及遥感技术,并依据实地调查,定性与定量结合,重点利用C ITYgreen对研究区域内部树木的生态效益进行了计算,旨在将这一先进的城市绿地生态效益定量手段引入到我国城市规划及设计的工作中去,以使我国的城市建设科学高效地可持续发展。

基于CiteSpace文献计量分析的生态网络构建研究进展

生态网络构建作为一种有效的生态手段,对于保护物种多样性,建设城市生态空间及优化国土空间资源配置方面有积极意义。利用Arcgis平台运算、对遥感数据解译利用等新技术,应用层次分析法(AHP)、专家打分法(德尔菲法)等分析方法使生态网络的构建更加精准。以CNKI、WOS为数据源,用知识图谱计算工具CiteSpace进行定量分析,通过数据可视化与内容的结合进行研究,对于构建生态网络方面的研究进展、研究方法进行分析,特别是针对“MCR模型”在生态网络的应用进行深入研究,对不同尺度范围绿地生态网络构建方法进行总结,最后对未来研究发展态势作出展望。结果表明,我国基于MCR模型构建生态网络的研究,按照发文量可分为3个阶段,即启蒙阶段、快速发展阶段、稳步发展阶段;而现阶段最小阻力模型(MCR)在生态网络的应用已经趋于成熟,只是在因子选取及赋值方面未形成统一科学标准;此外,研究尺度呈现多元化,涉及市、省、城市群等多尺度。

Study on Ecological Development of Urban Parks

Research background,significance,characteristics and planning methods of the ecological development of urban parks were elaborated.This paper took green space planning of Xishan Park in Qianxi City for example,explored the application of ecological development theories in green space planning of urban park.

基于生活圈的城乡一体化防灾空间构建方法研究

为推进城市与乡村防灾减灾救灾能力同步提升,以生活圈理论为指导构建城乡一体的防灾空间布局,推动城乡防灾设施配置一体化发展。首先,该文按照中灾正常、大灾可控、巨灾可救的目标,明确应对不同水准灾害影响的防灾生活圈层级对应关系;其次,从“常态中心性”和“灾害危险性”两个维度出发建立各村镇单元的防灾重要性评价指标体系,由此确定城乡各级防灾中心节点。在此基础上,利用防灾中心地、服务半径法和泰森多边形等方法构建“基础—拓展—综合”三级防灾生活圈,以此为依托并结合不同圈域城乡防灾目标要求,按照分类分级和平灾结合原则对各级生活圈进行防灾设施一体化配置,并以某县为例进行实证分析,为我国城乡防灾减灾一体化建设提供参考。

响应规划体系变革的“理工融合型”规划创新人才培养模式

国土空间规划体系重构背景下对规划类人才培养提出新要求,人才培养模式创新亟需探索。该研究基于我国人文地理与城乡规划专业发展与研究现状,针对人才培养理念与新工科人才培养要求不协调、传统专业能力培养体系与智能时代技术发展需求不协调和传统课程体系与国土空间规划综合创新性需求不协调等现实挑战,结合湖南师范大学的具体实践,提出以“学生中心,理工融合”为核心建设理念,围绕“专业素质+专业知识+专业技能”三大能力构建目标,通过课程模块融合化、能力培养层级化、产学研赛一体化,校社政企协同化途径,着力在课程体系、能力培养体系、教学路径和培养建构环境等方面进行改革和创新,构建“1344”响应规划体系变革的“理工融合型”规划创新人才培养模式。

我国老年人居服务设施体系研究进展与思考

在我国积极应对人口老龄化和新型城镇化发展转型的双重背景下,针对老年人的服务设施体系建设成为老年人居环境“以人为本”核心价值的重要体现。为揭示我国城市老年人居服务设施资源总量足配与设施空间错配矛盾的底层逻辑和作用机制,首先从养老服务供给模式、老年人行为特征、老年人居空间3个方面梳理老年人居服务理论基础的转变,其次总结我国老年人居服务设施规划建设的适老化、均等化、体系化3种实践响应与面临的困境。在此基础上,提出构建适应我国国情的老年人居服务设施体系“人—空间—服务”理论框架,以期在国土空间规划体系下,为老年友好的人居环境和设施支持体系提供学理支撑。

城乡绿色空间价值评估内涵、路径及特征梳理研究

城乡绿色空间是反映人居环境品质的重要空间载体。进入存量阶段,价值评估是保障城乡绿色空间“精准优化”的首要工作。既有研究多以技术应用为主,重实操,呈碎片状,缺乏系统整理。以城乡绿色空间和人的需求之间的价值匹配为切入点,对以多学科交叉研究为基础的城乡绿色空间价值评估研究进行“理论层—实践层—决策层”的内涵整理;系统梳理了城乡绿色空间评估—反馈路径,对“生活需求—生产需求—福祉需求”三个阶段的城乡绿色空间评估研究体系进行了“价值需求—评估指标”的特征归纳以及涵盖“尺度—维度—标尺”的研究坐标系建构。为相关研究者、实践者与决策者在具体绿色空间评估工作中提供指标选取和参照依据。

城郊融合类村庄规划编制思路与实践

城郊融合类村庄具有向城市转型的条件,但在我国进入城镇化中后期后,其转型时间、转型程度均存在较大的不确定性。在现有的国土空间规划体系下,根据城镇开发边界划定在高度城乡一体化区域推进控制性详细规划和村庄规划两类详细规划编制已经难以应对空间发展的不确定性。通过分析城郊融合类村庄的特征、问题和发展趋势,阐述了村庄规划编制内涵的转变,提出了城郊融合类村庄规划编制的思路。以福建省惠安县崇武镇五峰村为例,结合其现状特征及发展问题,将村庄空间进一步细化为城镇功能区、城乡协调发展区、乡村功能区,探索不同用途管制下控制性详细规划、村庄规划联合编制的技术及成果表达形式,并提出该类地区详细规划一体化编制的路径,为优化城郊融合类村庄的规划编制技术、提升乡村空间治理能力提供参考和借鉴。

不同城市绿地类型碳源/汇的城乡梯度格局--以杭州市为例

探究城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的空间分布格局的影响,对评估城市生态系统的碳足迹和制定相应的碳收支管理措施具有重要意义。以净生态系统生产力(NEP)做为碳源/汇的反映指标,基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸估算杭州市主城区绿地碳源/汇的空间分布格局,关注城乡梯度对不同绿地类型碳源/汇水平的作用。基于净初级生产力和土壤呼吸数据综合获得绿地空间NEP,通过土地利用数据和Fragstats软件进行景观格局分析,采用多元线性回归模型和逐步回归模型筛选影响NEP的景观、植被和气象因子,最后利用广义加性模型探讨NEP与各因子之间的关系。此外,分别比较了相同统计过程在不同城乡梯度和不同绿地类型之间的模型差异。结果表明:杭州市绿地空间NEP分布及其影响因子存在显著的城乡梯度与绿地类型差异。2019—2022年杭州市主城区绿地空间,整体表现为碳源,年均NEP为-0.277 kg C m^(-2) a^(-1);其中表现为碳汇的绿地主要分布在杭州市主城区的西部,而碳源绿地主要分布在中部和东部。整体绿地空间的NEP大小与绿地斑块面积、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关。NEP随城区、城郊结合部、郊区的城乡梯度逐步增强;城区NEP与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性和气温呈负相关;城郊结合部NEP与乔木物种丰富度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与绿地斑块密度和气温呈负相关;郊区NEP则与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关。公园、农田、自然植被的NEP依次增大并受到不同因素的调控。公园NEP与聚集度指数、乔木盖度和灌木盖度呈正相关,与景观分割指数、灌木物种丰富度和气温呈负相关;农田NEP与聚集度指数和灌木盖度呈正相关,与气温呈负相关;而自然植被NEP则与乔木盖度呈正相关,与景观多样性指数和气温呈负相关。研究进一步揭示了城市化对绿地空间碳源/汇的影响,为城乡碳收支的差异化管理提供了一定的理论和数据支持。