Reflections on the Improvement of Rural Human Settlement Environment from the Perspective of Beauty and Livability

The construction of beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks of ruralrevitalization in the new era, and the development of rural areas attaches more and more importanceto the improvement of human settlement environment. By investigating the construction status andexisting problems of Zhaoba Village in Nanjing, it tries to take “beauty” and “livability” as the planningrequirements. The village positioning is planned accurately, and the functional layout is carried outreasonably. According to the characteristic industries, landscape features and infrastructure of ZhaobaVillage, humanized construction strategies are put forward, thus improving the quality of human settlementenvironment in Zhaoba Village.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Settlement Environment Governance in Tianjin

The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the 'silk road',and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

Analysis of the Choice of Return Mechanism of PPP Model in Rural Human Settlement Improvement under the Rural Revitalization Strat­egy:Research Based on the Perspective of Evolutionary Game

The improvement of rural human settlement environment is a significant direction of the rural revitalization strategy.Based on the finite rational evolutionary game theory,a cooperative behavior evolutionary game model of rural human settlement environment improvement PPP model with local government,social capital and rural residents as the main game players with the reward mechanism of Government Payment and one with the reward mechanism of Viability Gap Funding are constructed.Comparing the total project revenue of two reward mechanisms,the thesis will obtain the effects of choosing the reward mechanism of rural human settlement improvement PPP.Finally,available suggestions are made to the decision of the reward mechanism of PPP project about rural human settlement environment,thus promoting the application and development of PPP in rural environmental management and to promote sustainable improvement of rural habitat improvement.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

乡村旅游与农村人居环境的耦合协调关系及障碍因子诊断——以山西省为例

在构建乡村旅游与农村人居环境评价指标体系的基础上,运用层次分析法、耦合协调度模型等定量分析山西省11个地级市乡村旅游与农村人居环境的耦合协调关系,运用障碍度模型对其耦合协调关系的障碍因子进行诊断。结果表明:(1)各地级市乡村旅游水平、农村人居环境水平的区域差距较大,且二者之间存在明显的空间错位。(2)晋中、临汾和运城为中度耦合协调级乡村旅游领先型,晋城、长治和吕梁为中度耦合协调级同步型,太原和阳泉为中度耦合协调级乡村旅游滞后型,忻州和大同为勉强耦合协调级同步型,朔州为初级耦合协调级乡村旅游滞后型。(3)基础设施、公共服务、产业机构是限制山西省乡村旅游与农村人居环境耦合协调发展的关键障碍因子,且7个维度的障碍分布状况差异较大,各地级市的关键障碍因子并不一致。(4)山西省今后应加强基础设施建设、提升公共服务水平和优化乡村旅游供给,并结合各区域的耦合协调关系及障碍因子状况,采取合理措施推动乡村旅游与农村人居环境持续协调发展。

政策激活自治:农村公共品有效供给的实践路径——以人居环境整治为例

在农村公共品供给中,一些村庄在政策的牵引下,动员村庄精英和普通村民积极参与公共品供给的民主实践,从而激活了村庄潜在的治理能力,实现了公共品的有效供给。这种现象可称之为“政策激活自治”。公共品供给政策的灵活性、以村干部为核心的组织动员能力以及以小组为单位的内生性治理能力构成了政策激活自治的政策、组织和社会基础。基于公共品分类的视角可发现,政策的牵引效应主要作用于与农民关系紧密、投入较少的建设项目上,而对与农民关系松散、投入较多的公共项目作用有限。政策激活自治的存在,启发我们在公共品供给中掌握政策统一性和灵活性的平衡,区分不同项目与农民的利益链接,通过适当的政策激发村民参与的积极性。

Uncertainty evaluation of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy in Changsha city

The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.

我国老年人居服务设施体系研究进展与思考

在我国积极应对人口老龄化和新型城镇化发展转型的双重背景下,针对老年人的服务设施体系建设成为老年人居环境“以人为本”核心价值的重要体现。为揭示我国城市老年人居服务设施资源总量足配与设施空间错配矛盾的底层逻辑和作用机制,首先从养老服务供给模式、老年人行为特征、老年人居空间3个方面梳理老年人居服务理论基础的转变,其次总结我国老年人居服务设施规划建设的适老化、均等化、体系化3种实践响应与面临的困境。在此基础上,提出构建适应我国国情的老年人居服务设施体系“人—空间—服务”理论框架,以期在国土空间规划体系下,为老年友好的人居环境和设施支持体系提供学理支撑。

农村人居环境整治农民付费制度研究——以河南省为例

建设和运营资金保障不充分是影响农村人居环境整治效果的重要因素。农民作为农村人居环境整治的主要参与者和直接受益人,在农村人居环境整治中处于主体地位。探索农民付费制度是破解农村人居环境整治资金投入不足难题、健全长效管护机制的重要途径。本研究以河南省为例,基于典型案例调研和农户问卷调查,以农村改厕、农村污水处理、农村垃圾处理三大领域为重点,深入研究农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的可行性、实现方式及效果,系统总结农村人居环境整治农民付费制度的经验与问题,为完善农村人居环境整治农民付费制度、健全农村人居环境整治可持续性长效投入机制提供针对性建议。

新型城镇化背景下乡村人居环境治理策略研究——以河南省信阳市为例

改善人居环境,建设美好的居住环境是新型城镇化建设的关键。本文以信阳市为例,分析了其新型城镇化的现状和人居环境建设实践,并提出加强政府的顶层设计、推进乡村基础设施建设、推动城乡融合发展、建设宜居宜业和美乡村,坚持贯彻绿色发展理念等新型城镇化背景下信阳乡村人居环境治理的措施,希望为相关部门提供参考。

乡村振兴背景下宁夏县域乡村人居环境质量评价及空间分异

乡村振兴战略的实施为乡村人居环境建设提供了新的契机和助力,二者具有紧密的逻辑关联性。在乡村振兴视角下,以宁夏22县区为例,构建了由4个维度、20个指标组成的宁夏县域人居环境质量评价指标体系,并综合运用熵权法、人居环境质量综合评价指数,对乡村人居环境质量与空间格局进行了评价。结果表明:22县区人居环境质量差距较大,整体呈现“多核心”“北高南低”的空间分异特征。结合厘定的乡村人居环境的优质区、良好区、中等区和较差区4种乡村人居环境类型,提出了优化乡村人居环境的调控策略。

基于高校城乡规划专业帮扶乡村建设的工作模式和实践路径探析

高校定点帮扶已成为助力乡村振兴的主要工作形式之一,目前正面临着工作对象转向全体农民、工作要求转向“五个振兴”、工作举措转向促进高质量发展。为此,高校应充分发挥专业优势,建立与教育教学相结合的可持续帮扶模式。在高校定点帮扶工作背景下,本文以研究团队开展的云南省凤庆县红塘村共同缔造工作为例,探讨了城乡规划专业助力乡村规划建设的高校帮扶模式。在梳理国内外高校帮扶乡村振兴的理论研究与实践探索基础上,总结了红塘村帮扶工作经验,构建了高校师生驻村伴随式、组织多方参与的“共同缔造”帮扶工作模式,并提出了以本地需求为导向,发挥城乡规划专业优势;乡村帮扶实践与城乡规划教学研究结合;培育乡村设计师与人才队伍;鼓励多专业师生参与的实施路径建议,为高校专业育人结合乡村振兴实践提供了参考。

农村人居环境质量评价研究进展及未来研究方向

科学构建农村人居环境质量评价体系是优化人居环境建设质量的基础。本研究利用中国知网(CNKI)数据库,对近20年国内农村人居环境质量评价相关学术文献进行深入分析发现,农村人居环境质量评价目前已积累了丰富的理论和实践经验,但还存在以下不足:(1)在评价对象方面,目前的研究主要集中在经济发达的东部沿海地区,而对中西部地区、经济薄弱区、生态敏感区以及具有特色的乡村等区域的研究相对较少。(2)在评价指标方面,构建客观评价指标体系居多,而较少关注农户微观视角和主客观指标的结合;在软环境指标的设置上,如乡风文明和村民情感感知等方面的研究相对缺乏;对于具有强烈地域特色的乡村地区,评价时往往缺乏代表性和特色性的指标。(3)在数据来源方面,当前的研究大多依赖于单一的数据来源,这可能会影响评价的全面性和准确性。基于以上分析,提出农村人居环境评价研究的3个延伸方向:加强指标体系的理论研究、拓宽指标数据获取的渠道,以及加强评价成果的应用。

农村人居环境质量满意度及其影响因素研究——基于183村1362份农户调查数据的分析

改善农村人居环境是实施乡村振兴战略的必然要求,探讨人居环境质量满意度的影响因素具有重要的现实意义。论文基于全国183村1362份农户的调查数据,分析农村居民对于人居环境满意度的影响因素,重点关注村级人居硬环境和软环境的影响。研究结论表明:村级人居软环境质量是影响农村居民满意度的主要因素,经济状况、社会监督、外出务工经历以及区域位置等因素也会影响居民的满意度。未来在优化农村人居环境的过程中,一方面要因村施策,整治农村人居“软环境”和“硬环境”,重点解决农村人居环境的短板问题;另一方面,需要挖掘区域的发展潜力,激发农户的内生动力,从整体上提升村庄的经济水平,进而助力于提升人居环境质量,实现乡村振兴。

局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

长株潭城市群人居环境质量评价及空间分异研究

[目的]分析长株潭城市群内各市县之间人居环境质量的时空演变差异,探究其空间分异格局的成因,为未来长株潭城市群缩小人居环境差距,构建良好人居环境提供科学支撑。[方法]选取长株潭城市群2013年、2015年、2017年、2019年、2021年相关人居环境指标,运用熵值法、耦合协调度和地理探测器模型等研究方法,对长株潭城市群包括23个区市县人居环境质量及其分异机理展开探究。[结果](1)总体上研究区内人居环境质量都得到不同程度的改善,但有差距扩大的趋势;(2)空间分布呈“中心高、周边低”向“均衡”的格局发展;(3)城市群各市县人居环境耦合度高但协调度较低;(4)从自然生态环境、经济发展环境、社会保障环境和个人居住环境等方面进行影响因素分析发现:自然生态环境对人居环境的改善起着底托作用;经济发展环境是人居环境改善的关键;社会保障环境是人居环境的后盾;个人居住环境是人居环境质量高低的直接体现。[结论]长株潭城市群内各市县间的人居环境在时空发展过程中没有达到一个较好的协调发展阶段,人居环境的质量是一个多因素综合作用的结果,长株潭城市群各地区要自觉承担“三高四新”和强省会战略的历史使命,依托各自的优势实现经济错位发展和高质量发展;进一步完善各地区的基础设施和城市更新行动,加强生态环境建设,实现资源的均等性;党和政府工作重心下沉,关注基层群众的基本民生问题,从而建成高质量的人居环境。

基于CiteSpace的国内外农村人居环境研究综述

为了解国内外农村人居环境的发展现状及研究热点,利用CiteSpace文献分析软件,对2002—2022年中国知网(CNKI)及Web of Science核心合集数据库中的农村人居环境研究进行文献分析,并绘制出国内外农村人居环境研究的知识图谱。研究结果表明:(1)国外的发文数量比国内多,研究理论更为丰富;国外的研究作者合作网络比国内紧密,说明跨学科交流更多;国内外的主要发文机构都集中在高校;美国、中国是主要的发文国家。(2)在国内外农村人居环境的相关研究中,国内的研究热点主要侧重于农村的硬环境和软环境,其研究热点主要围绕“乡村振兴”、“新农村”、“乡村治理”、“乡村发展”等方面展开;国外的研究热点主要侧重于农村人居环境对村民的影响,其研究热点主要集中在“气候变化”、“心理健康”、“体力活动”、“传染性疾病”等方面。未来应加强农村人居环境研究理论和实践相结合,注重定性与定量研究方法相结合,并基于多学科交叉融合的视角,拓展农村人居环境的研究深度和广度。

“双碳”背景下的城市地下空间光热环境的节能设计研究进展与展望

城市地下空间节能设计作为实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,其光热环境的调控受到学者们的广泛关注。目前已证实地下空间的光热环境具有巨大的节能潜力,但光热环境与节能设计之间的影响关系和结合途径尚未厘清。研究通过界定以人为本、取于自然、建筑节能等关键问题,深入解析城市地下空间设计对空间光热环境及能源消耗的影响,确定建筑节能的上下限,并提出地下空间光热环境节能的设计流程链,以期解决地下空间光热环境能耗高、碳排高的问题,为城市地下空间的能源使用效率与人居环境质量的提高提供参考。