The Chinese Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure Model and Analysis

Based on the characteristics of urban-rural dual economic structure in China,we build a dynamic endogenous urban-rural dual economic model closely linked to China's reality,and carry out mathematical economics analysis of optimized conditions for urban and rural sectors. The main results show that:(i) The labor growth rate of urban-rural sectors must be greater than the time discount rate,or else there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(ii) The accumulation rate of physical capital and human capital of urban-rural sectors,and the rate of technological progress,need to be greater than the corresponding depreciation rate plus the time discount rate,otherwise there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(iii) The low accumulation rate in the rural sector,and the occurrence of labor outflow,human capital loss and lack of investment,will expand income gap between urban and rural areas,which is a reason for solidification of urban-rural dual economic structure.

Study on Factors Influencing Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure of Chongqing Based on the State Space Variable Parameter Method

Firstly,this paper reviews and analyzes historic background of urban-rural integration of Chongqing,and the evolution and trend of urban and rural dual economic structure.On the basis of previous researches,it selects factors and variables influencing urban and rural dual economic structure,and establishes an econometric model.By state space Kalman filtering method,it analyzes dynamic influence of factors upon urban-rural dual economic intensity.According to empirical conclusion,it puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for promoting integrated urban and rural economic development of Chongqing.

Look from the empty nester problem of urban and rural dual structure of society

More and more empty nest has become a social problem that couldn＇t ignore. The problem of empty nester is the essence of urban and rural dual structure social changing. The emergence of empty-nesters is a serious problem in China＇s social development process, with the aging of the population increasing, urban-rural divide more and more obvious. The condition of the human society has gradually formed the rural and the division of labor and the dual structure of the city. This paper expounds the connotation, significance and characteristics of empty nest elderly, analyzes on the problems existing in current urban and rural society and the problem of empty nest elderly in the new situation puts forward the suggestions and countermeasures.

Spatial pattern of urban-rural integration in China and the impact of geography

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a global challenge that is highly related to inequalities, poverty, economic growth, and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing research has evaluated the extent of URI and explored its influencing factors, but urban-rural linkages are seldom incorporated in evaluation systems, and geographical factors are rarely recognized as the influencing factors. We construct a URI framework including regional economy, rural development, urban-rural linkage, and urban-rural gap. Based on a dataset consisting of 1,669 counties in China in 2020, we reveal the spatial pattern of URI and find a high correlation between the spatial pattern of URI and the relief degree of land surface (RDLS). Using structural equation modeling, we discover that topography has direct ( − 0.18, p < 0.001) and indirect ( − 0.17, p < 0.001) effects on URI. The indirect negative effects are mediated through the infrastructure, and the combination of localized advantages and modern technical conditions could mitigate the negative impact of topography. Finally, we identify 742 counties as lagging regions in URI, which can be clustered into eight types. Our findings could facilitate policy designing for those countries striving for integrated and sustainable development of urban and rural areas.

Urban-rural Integration Based on Regional Economic Integration——A Case of Jiuquan-Jiayuguan Areas of Gansu Province

The relationship between urban-rural integration and regional economic integration is summarized in the paper.Based on the fact,it expressed the necessity and realistic meaning of pushing forward the urban-rural integration process synchronously during Jiuquan-Jia yuguan (abbreviate:Jiu-Jia) areas economic integration.The current degree of the urban-rural integration of Jiu-Jia was analyzed by index calculation,and the related conclusions were obtained.Besides,the development concepts and the key works to accelerate the process of Jiu-Jia urban-rural integration were suggested.The results show that the overall level of urban-rural integration in Jiuquan and Jiayuguan is higher than the average level of Gansu Province,but the urban-rural economic development and social development lose the balance and the dual structure is prominent.In the end,three developmental patterns for accelerating the developmental process of urban-rural integration are put forward.Firstly,the government should find the key of the current work and coordinate the construction of infrastructure.Secondly,rural economic industrialization should be promoted.Thirdly,the urbanized social management should be promoted.

Gap between Urban and Rural Economic Development in Less Developed Areas——A Case of Northern Jiangsu Area,China

Taking northern Jiangsu area as an example,economic disparity between urban and rural areas is described according to the data in 2000-2009 Jiangsu Statistical Yearbook.Result shows that there are significant differences in the rural and urban economic development in less developed areas,which are mainly reflected in the differences in per capita income,living standard,and Engel coefficient.Reasons for urban and rural economic disparity in less developed areas are analyzed.The asymmetry and immobility of rural and urban resources have objectively caused the income gap between urban and rural residents;urban industrial development,which is faster than agricultural development,has widened the income gap between urban and rural residents;and the differences in comparative labor productivity in rural and urban areas have enlarged their income gap.Countermeasures to minimize the urban and rural economic development gap are put forward,such as deepening the reform,realizing the free flow of economic resources between urban and rural areas,developing rural areas through urban development,exerting the function of urban areas in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,paying attention to the agriculture and rural areas,and improving the comparative labor productivity of agriculture.

Study on Spatial Structure of Rural Tourism in Wuhan Urban Agglomerations

Spatial structure of rural tourism in the urban agglomerations of Wuhan was analyzed by comprehensively studying relevant documents about rural tourism,and reviewing previous researches on the concept and spatial structure of rural tourism.Through investigating rural tourist resources in the study area,resource advantages and characteristics of 9 cities were introduced,and the Gini Coefficient was taken to quantitatively analyze spatial patterns of its rural tourist villages,the obviously imbalanced concentration of these villages was pointed out.By measuring connectivity and accessibility of regional spaces in the study area,its traffic connectivity was proved moderate,and accessibility of each tourist village and town was fine.Then an optimized spatial structure was proposed for the rural tourism development in Wuhan Urban Agglomerations,that is,"one core,one belt and three districts".

Development Path of Urban-rural Integration

The urban and rural areas are regarded as two major components of the regional economic system. Only through joint balanced development of the two can we achieve overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization. But the great social division of labor has separated urban areas from rural areas,which casts the shadow of city-oriented theory on cooperative relations between urban and rural areas. Mutual separation between urban and rural settlements and independent development trigger off a range of social problems. We must undertake guidance through rational development path of urban-rural integration,to eliminate the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure,and promote the sustainable development of population,resources and environment in urban and rural areas as soon as possible.

An Empirical Study of the Relationship between the Fixed Assets Investment and Urban-rural Income Gap during the Transition Period

As the gap in income between urban and rural residents bigger and bigger,based on the data from 1978 to 2007,this paper makes an empirical study of the dynamic relation between the fixed assets investment and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. The outcome from the study indicates a long-term balance exists between the investment rate of the fixed assets and the difference in income between urban and rural residents. A short-term deviation from the balance can be adjusted through long time. To a certain extent,city-oriented fixed assets investment policy is the main cause of the big gap in income between urban and rural residents. The big gap in income between urban and rural residents in turn reinforces their social status,thus further strengthening the city-oriented instead of countryside-oriented fixed assets investment policy. Based on that,this paper puts forward some suggestions on adjusting the fixed assets investment policy so as to shorten the difference in income between urban and rural residents and realize the goal of harmonious development between city and countryside.

The Organic Unity of Purposiveness and Regularity：Dialectical Thinking on President Xi Jinping’s Economic Work

President Xi Jinping has constantly taken theeconomic development as the central work from theperspective of historical materialism and dialecticalmaterialism. He corresponds to the law of economicdevelopment, and accurately masters the important logicrelations between economy and politics, government andmarket. Meanwhile, he proposes that China should useoverall planning to deal with the difficulty of urban-ruralintegration so as to thoroughly solve the three agriculture-related issues. Then, it is possible to achieve the organicunity of purposiveness and regularity.

Opportunities and challenges for development of urbanization in Western China

Urban and rural dual structure in Western China is obvious.The economic development of the central cities is relatively quick while that of the rural areas is lagging behind.The speeding up of urbanization contributes to the intensively uncoordinated development of urban and rural areas.Besides,the eco-fragile environment,shortage of available water resources,adverse geographic location,and relatively backward social economy restrict the development of urbanization in Western China.However,Western China also has the advantages of backwardness.This paper analyzes the present situation and development trend of urbanization in Western China.The results show that Western China has basically formed a development pattern with"industry promotes agriculture and urban leads to village".Therefore,combined with the present situation of Western China,this paper describes and analyzes the opportunities and challenges that may appear in the process of urbanization in Western China,puts forward the development pattern in which urban and rural areas can gain mutual support and co-development,and provides related recommendations.

数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合——基于产业和城乡协同发展视角

数字普惠金融为破除城乡金融体系二元对立、优化城乡资源配置、助推城乡融合开辟了新路径。本文基于2011-2021年中国地级市面板数据,从产业和城乡协同发展视角分析数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用渠道。研究发现,数字普惠金融有效促进了城乡融合发展。从各维度来看,覆盖广度与使用深度是促进城乡融合的关键,信贷和保险业务发挥了显著的协同效应,数字普惠金融的城乡融合效应在空间和社会维度上显著;在东部、中部地区和农村资金外流程度较轻的地区,数字普惠金融赋能城乡融合的作用更强;数字普惠金融能够促进生产要素在产业和城乡间流动,发挥劳动力转移和产业结构升级的带动作用,间接赋能城乡融合。

乡村收缩的内涵界定与测度研究

乡村收缩是我国城乡结构转化进程中呈现的新现象。文章首先从概念层面阐释了乡村收缩的内涵,梳理了我国乡村收缩需要重点把握的逻辑线索,进而通过文献调查和实地调研,以甘肃省为例从县域尺度对乡村收缩程度进行测度,从乡村人口、经济和社会三个维度揭示其形成机理。研究发现:(1)乡村收缩在不同语境其内涵可能存在差异,但其本质均是青壮年劳动力的过度流失;(2)2000年、2010年、2020年甘肃省乡村收缩指数均值呈现动态大幅度上升趋势,分别为26.11%、38.97%、49.98%,且上升趋势具有比较显著的空间差异性;(3)城乡二元结构下,资源禀赋和地理区位、经济发展与要素流动、历史基础与社会文化、政策安排与治理能力都对乡村收缩有影响。新时代我国应从振兴县域经济出发,依靠产业聚集、人才引进、资金筹措、城乡融合的政策组合来回应乡村收缩现象。

数字新基建对城乡融合发展的影响机理及实证检验

数字新基建是数字经济时代的新引擎,对于实现城乡高质量融合发展具有重要意义。该研究以2009—2022年中国31个省份的面板数据为样本,基于熵权法测度指标并建立计量模型,从城乡相互渗透、相互融合等多元化视角入手,立足融合型和创新型等为代表的数字新基建,实证检验了数字新基建对城乡融合发展及其各分维度的影响。进一步,探讨了数字新基建对城乡融合发展的空间溢出效应。研究结果表明:①数字新基建能够显著提升城乡融合发展水平,这一正向效应在东部和中部地区、非粮食主产区、低科技投入地区和低工业化水平地区更为显著。从分维度分析,数字新基建对空间融合、社会融合和生态融合起到正向的推动作用,而对人口融合和经济融合起到显著的抑制作用。②影响机制分析发现,在数字新基建推动城乡融合发展的过程中,创新活跃度和产业结构升级起到了至关重要的传导作用。一方面,数字新基建能够通过降低创新成本,进一步减少信息不对称、缩短研发时间以此提升城乡融合进程;另一方面,数字新基建可以深化要素市场联动,促进生产力水平智能化进而促进产业结构升级,以此推动城乡融合发展。③进一步分析发现,数字新基建对城乡融合发展进程产生了正向的空间溢出效应,有利于推动周边区域城乡融合发展。据此提出,应加强数字新基建在城乡融合发展过程中各领域的渗透程度,缩小城乡之间的数字鸿沟,同时根据不同区位、科技投入水平和工业化水平等采用差异化数字新基建发展战略,提升周边地区城乡融合发展水平。

多中心空间结构对城乡融合发展的影响研究

基于2008—2021年省级面板数据的二次项修正模型,以两种“借用规模”视角考察多中心空间结构对城乡融合的影响及其作用机制。实证结果表明:第一,多中心空间结构对城乡融合的影响呈先上升后下降的倒U形特征。当前除了山东、广东和内蒙古三个地区已出现超出最优多中心水平的现象外,全国大部分地区的城乡融合尚处于随着多中心水平发展而逐步提升的阶段。第二,对于东部地区来说,交通基础设施和市场一体化是多中心空间结构影响城乡融合的有效途径,而中、西部地区由于多中心空间结构发展并未达到最优规模,交通基础设施和市场一体化的作用并未凸显。第三,城市之间的地理距离在多中心空间结构的城乡融合效应中发挥着显著的正U形调节作用。

海南省城乡冷链物流一体化发展现状与对策研究

大力推动城乡冷链物流一体化,是巩固和增强农村经济发展的重要手段之一,有利于打破城乡二元格局。本文以海南城乡冷链物流为研究对象,分析城乡冷链物流一体化必要性,通过实地调研海南省城乡冷链物流发展现状,发现存在冷链供应链尚未建立、城乡冷链资源分布不均、专业冷链物流人才匮乏、农村冷链信息化水平低、“最先一公里”冷链认知不足等问题,并针对存在的问题提出了相应对策,以期促进海南省城乡冷链物流一体化健康发展。

农村劳动力流动、经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响——基于动态面板与门槛效应模型的实证分析

城乡一体化发展是破解新时代社会主要矛盾的关键抓手。近年来,我国经济不断发展,农村劳动力流动规模不断扩大。但城乡二元结构并没有随着经济增长和劳动力流动而同步转化,存在着严重的滞后性。城乡二元结构成为掣肘经济持续发展的重要因素。文章基于2006—2020年我国31省份面板数据,运用系统动态面板模型(SYS-GMM)分析劳动力流动与经济增长对城乡二元结构的影响;运用门槛效应模型,以劳动力流动为门槛变量,分析经济增长对城乡二元结构的非线性影响。结果表明,劳动力流动促进城乡二元结构转化,而经济增长抑制城乡二元结构转化;经济增长对城乡二元结构的作用受到劳动力流动的影响,表现出门槛效应:当劳动力流动规模超过一定限度后,经济增长对城乡二元结构转化的抑制作用将得到缓解。

数字经济对长三角地区城乡融合发展的影响分析——基于中介模型的检验

城乡融合发展是实现乡村振兴,全面实现共同富裕的内在要求。基于2013—2022年长三角地区41市的面板数据,探讨数字经济对城乡融合的影响,利用熵值法构建城乡融合指数和数字经济发展水平,运用双向固定效应模型探究数字经济对长三角地区城乡融合的影响。研究结果表明:数字经济的发展对城乡融合起正向作用,并通过多维度的稳健性检验进行了验证;数字经济对长三角地区城乡融合的影响具有区域异质性,其中,浙江表现最好,安徽最后;中介效应检验发现农业经济韧性是数字经济推动城乡融合的重要路径。基于上述分析,提出提升大众数字意识、推进农村数字设施基础化建设、健全长三角区域协调发展机制等政策建议。

中国乡村振兴政策:逻辑需求与供给特征——基于2013-2023年涉“三农”政策文本的量化分析

全面振兴乡村的根本在于系统地破除工农和城乡二元结构。基于此,构建了“现代农业产业体系-现代农业生产体系-现代农业经营体系-城乡统筹发展-新型城镇化建设-乡村振兴体制机制完善”的六维乡村振兴政策内容考察框架,并以2013年以来中央层面发布的658份涉“三农”政策文本为研究对象,运用ROST软件进行文本量化,对2018年以来涉“三农”政策(乡村振兴政策)的供给特征进行总结。研究发现:①乡村振兴政策结构的调整与破解工农和城乡二元结构的理论需求相符;②乡村振兴政策内容广泛而全面;③乡村振兴政策目标阶段性特征明显,并已初具现代化的特征;④乡村振兴政策越来越重视监督反馈机制的建立。最后,给出了乡村振兴政策展望。

究竟是什么影响了乡村教师对城乡一体化网络研修的满意度?

在教育数字化转型背景下,城乡一体化网络研修成为促进乡村教师专业发展的重要途径,然而在此研修过程中出现了乡村教师消极抵触、情绪低落等满意度不高的现象,直接影响了研修效果。对此,文章基于顾客满意度指数模型和教学系统要素理论,构建了乡村教师对城乡一体化网络研修满意度的影响因素模型,并通过描述性分析、结构方程模型分析和中介效应检验,探讨了乡村教师满意度影响因素及其作用路径。文章发现:教龄、学历对乡村教师满意度有显著影响,而性别无显著影响;“目标-资源-活动-环境-支持保障”可作为乡村教师满意度的关键质量指标;感知质量对乡村教师满意度的影响最大,感知价值次之,教师期望再次之;感知质量、感知价值在教师期望和满意度之间存在中介效应,而“感知质量-感知价值”存在链式中介效应。基于此,文章提出提升乡村教师满意度的建议,以期为促进乡村教育高质量发展和推动教育公平提供理论与实践参考。