When choosing sites for monitoring of soil moisture for hydrological purposes,a suitable process that considers the factors influencing soil moisture level should be followed.In this study,two multi-criteria decision-...When choosing sites for monitoring of soil moisture for hydrological purposes,a suitable process that considers the factors influencing soil moisture level should be followed.In this study,two multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods,the multi-influencing factor(MIF)method and the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)method,were used to identify the optimal soil moisture monitoring(SMM)sites in the Dry Creek Catchment in South Australia.The most representative areas for nine SMM sites were obtained using the MIF method,considering the factors of rainfall,soil type,land use,catchment slope,elevation,and upslope accumulated area(UAA).The AHP method was used to select the optimal sites using the site-specific criteria.30.3%of the catchment area in the Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape(AWRA-L)Grid_DC2 can be considered acceptable as representative area with the MIF method.Four potential sites were evaluated for each AWRA-L grid using the relative weights of the site-specific criteria with the AHP method.The Grid_DC2 required two sites that had the highest overall weight chosen with the AHP analysis.The procedure was repeated for the remaining four AWRA-L grids within the study area to select the required SMM sites.展开更多
The Rur catchment has over time undergone land use change which could have affected the biogeochemical processes of the river. Three sub-catchment</span></span><span><span><span style="...The Rur catchment has over time undergone land use change which could have affected the biogeochemical processes of the river. Three sub-catchment</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s in the Rur, Upper Rur, Inde and Wurm have different kinds of land use. Upper Rur is more natural catchment;Inde is mixed type and Wurm is highly modified </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated how land use changes</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2000 to 2018 have influenced SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and Cl dynamics in the Rur catchment.</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Land use maps were developed in QGIS environment for land use change calculation. Historical water quality data were collected from the online public source by Ministry of Environment and Nature Conservation in Germany. R-software was used for statistical analysis and graphical presentation. Less land use change was observed in the Upper Rur between 2000 to 2018. But in the Inde and Wurm decrease in agricultural land and associated increase in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">industrial, commercial and urban land were observed. Increase in mining</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> area inside the catchment has enhanced the level of SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and EC in the Inde river. Conversion rates of natural to human dominated land use could be quantified </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this study through land use change mapping, which will further help in</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">making water management plan for these and comparable German and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> European catchments. However, high quality historical data set is a key requirement to maximize the output in process of relating impact of land use change in water quality.展开更多
文摘When choosing sites for monitoring of soil moisture for hydrological purposes,a suitable process that considers the factors influencing soil moisture level should be followed.In this study,two multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methods,the multi-influencing factor(MIF)method and the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)method,were used to identify the optimal soil moisture monitoring(SMM)sites in the Dry Creek Catchment in South Australia.The most representative areas for nine SMM sites were obtained using the MIF method,considering the factors of rainfall,soil type,land use,catchment slope,elevation,and upslope accumulated area(UAA).The AHP method was used to select the optimal sites using the site-specific criteria.30.3%of the catchment area in the Australian Water Resources Assessment Landscape(AWRA-L)Grid_DC2 can be considered acceptable as representative area with the MIF method.Four potential sites were evaluated for each AWRA-L grid using the relative weights of the site-specific criteria with the AHP method.The Grid_DC2 required two sites that had the highest overall weight chosen with the AHP analysis.The procedure was repeated for the remaining four AWRA-L grids within the study area to select the required SMM sites.
文摘The Rur catchment has over time undergone land use change which could have affected the biogeochemical processes of the river. Three sub-catchment</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s in the Rur, Upper Rur, Inde and Wurm have different kinds of land use. Upper Rur is more natural catchment;Inde is mixed type and Wurm is highly modified </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by anthropogenic activities. This study investigated how land use changes</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> from </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2000 to 2018 have influenced SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and Cl dynamics in the Rur catchment.</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Land use maps were developed in QGIS environment for land use change calculation. Historical water quality data were collected from the online public source by Ministry of Environment and Nature Conservation in Germany. R-software was used for statistical analysis and graphical presentation. Less land use change was observed in the Upper Rur between 2000 to 2018. But in the Inde and Wurm decrease in agricultural land and associated increase in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">industrial, commercial and urban land were observed. Increase in mining</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> area inside the catchment has enhanced the level of SO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and EC in the Inde river. Conversion rates of natural to human dominated land use could be quantified </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this study through land use change mapping, which will further help in</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">making water management plan for these and comparable German and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> European catchments. However, high quality historical data set is a key requirement to maximize the output in process of relating impact of land use change in water quality.
基金financially supported by the Project from the Ministry of Science&Technology of China (2018YFE0110100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171046)。
