The concept of creating a Topography integrated urban center is to create an urban center that integrated with the city.The first step of the Concept is to settle by using the natural elevation in the land and to crea...The concept of creating a Topography integrated urban center is to create an urban center that integrated with the city.The first step of the Concept is to settle by using the natural elevation in the land and to create volumes compatible with land by raising together with the elevation.While the passenger circulation at starting elevation is moved into a project with the cavestyle volume settled in land elevation.The new area of the square to be defined in the center of the building is intended to form an area combining the neighboring squares Kartal Square and Freedom Square,as well as contributing to the silhouette of Kartal from the sea with the location of the square and building.The project is a central complex design that deals with various urban problems thanks to professionals,local people of Kartal,and clubs which established with the municipality in a comprehensive way to search for solutions to be organized urban workshops and conferences.展开更多
The German Sustainable Building Council(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen or DGNB)has one of the most comprehensive sustainability certification systems for urban districts(UD).Their explicit aim is th...The German Sustainable Building Council(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen or DGNB)has one of the most comprehensive sustainability certification systems for urban districts(UD).Their explicit aim is that the system should impact the very earliest design decisions.The Technical University of Denmark has tested the DGNB-UD system in two experimental design projects for similar locations to find out how it can be used in the early-phase design process.This paper describes these two independent design processes,compares them and discusses their general features.We found that DGNB-UD addresses a broad sustainable focus and can be used as a tool for setting sustainability goals from the very first design steps.The system tends to promote multifunctional compromise solutions that meet several criteria at the same time.Using the DGNB-UD certification system in the early design phases therefore does have some effect on the urban design in terms of a bias towards certain design traits.展开更多
As intensive urban organization form, urban complex emerged with the fast urbanization of our country. Based on the Patch-Corridor-Matrix model, the author analyzed urban complex landscape structure from the macro, me...As intensive urban organization form, urban complex emerged with the fast urbanization of our country. Based on the Patch-Corridor-Matrix model, the author analyzed urban complex landscape structure from the macro, meso and micro level, and also analyzed the relationship between urban complex and urban systems, the interact between functional patches, the landscape process and requirement of people from the three levels, proposed the main points of the planning and design of the environment landscape of urban complex, expect the study above can benefit urban complex's practice projects.展开更多
Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban soci...Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.展开更多
With the development and innovation of digital information technology, digital visualization plays an increasingly important role in the design of urban public building spaces. This paper explores the application of d...With the development and innovation of digital information technology, digital visualization plays an increasingly important role in the design of urban public building spaces. This paper explores the application of digital visualization technology in the design of urban public building spaces and looks ahead to future trends. Firstly, it analyzes the challenges in the design of urban public building spaces, including extensive professional involvement, complex functional layout requirements, rational emergency evacuation routes, multidimensional analysis of architectural spatial environments, and appropriate selection of decorative materials. Next, it introduces the applications of digital visualization technology in showcasing visual design and expression, optimizing spatial functional layouts, enhancing the rationality of evacuation routes, analyzing dynamic environmental impacts and energy consumption, and improving the effectiveness of material selection in the design of urban public building spaces. Lastly, it discusses the prospects of extended reality (XR) technology, interactive design using data platforms, and AI technology in the design of public building spaces. It is hoped that this paper provides inspiration and reference for the deeper application of digital information technology in the field of architecture. .展开更多
The paper presents a dynamic model intervened by urban design for the decision-making of land development intensity, which expresses the inherent interaction mechanism between lands based on the evaluation of land att...The paper presents a dynamic model intervened by urban design for the decision-making of land development intensity, which expresses the inherent interaction mechanism between lands based on the evaluation of land attributes and their similarity relationship. Each land unit is described with several factors according to their condition and potential for development, such as land function, accessibility, historical site control, landscape control, and so on. Then, the dynamic reference relationship between land units is established according to the similarity relationship between their factors. That means lands with similar conditions tend to have similar development intensities, which expresses the rule of the spontaneous urban development. Therefore, the development intensities of the pending lands can be calculated by the confirmed ones. Furthermore, the system can be actively intervened by adjusting the parameters according to urban design or planning intentions. And the reaction of the system offers effective support and reference for reasonable decision. The system with multiple intervention input is not only a credible tool for deriving development intensities, but also a platform to activate urban design conception. Above all, the system as a socio-technical tool integrates the optimization of form, function and environment, and embodies the principle of impersonality, justice and flexibility in the decision of land development intensity.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are...INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are major consumers of natural resources and producers of pollution and waste.Development solutions that can reduce urban environmental impacts,as well as increase urban quality of life,are urgently needed.How to ensure that rampant growth in urban communities follows a regenerative and sustainable path therefore becomes a critical and increasingly relevant question.展开更多
INTRODUCTION When the David L.Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh was completed in 2003,it was one of largest green buildings in the country.Its success proved that sustainability principles could be integrated i...INTRODUCTION When the David L.Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh was completed in 2003,it was one of largest green buildings in the country.Its success proved that sustainability principles could be integrated into a breathtaking and high-performing design.Using almost a decade of performance data,this study,led by evolveEA,was commissioned to understand the level of building performance and the return on the initial investment in sustainability.With input from Carnegie Mellon University’s Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics,CJL Engineering,and Civil and Environmental Consultants,the Buildings-in-Operation(BiO)study demonstrates that.展开更多
Integrative approaches to architectural design+environmental technology pedagogy are essential in educating future generations to respond to impending building energy use challenges.This paper will describe new approa...Integrative approaches to architectural design+environmental technology pedagogy are essential in educating future generations to respond to impending building energy use challenges.This paper will describe new approaches to incorporating building physics and building technology in the design studio via a diverse cohort of students and faculty,with strong emphasis placed on the development of innovative architectural strategies operating at the intersection of urban demographics,house and housing design,building performance,and sustainability.The United States Department of Energy reports that our buildings account for forty percent of all energy consumed nationally.Our focus on high performance buildings at the Georgia Tech College of Architecture aims to reduce that percentage and meet the rising demand for design and building performance professionals to evaluate the environmental impact of design decisions.Continuing a twenty-five-year trajectory of research leadership,Tech students and faculty are leading the way in digital design,building simulation,engineering,and construction integration.Over the past four years,students from various schools across campus have been working together in a seminar and design studio setting to expand 21st century housing options.Changing urban demographics,sustainability targets,and alternative energy requirements are investigated through smartly researched and elegantly designed housing and public space propositions.The move from an ecologically aware architecture towards an architecture immersed in the emerging debates about carbon footprint and energy consumption is in part driven by increasing international concern over resource availability and delivery.Through reduced costs of alternative energy capture,higher efficiencies,rapid evolution of upstream technologies and applications and more robust software platforms along with growing social,political and economic debate,the definition of sustainability is evolving - moving to transform integral parts of archi-tectural practice and education from a primarily aesthetic and assembly oriented tra-jectory to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between design thinking and building performance.展开更多
Decision-making within the building industry often involves various criteria of very different natures.Some are qualitative,others quantitative,some are objective,others subjective,but ultimately,they should all be ag...Decision-making within the building industry often involves various criteria of very different natures.Some are qualitative,others quantitative,some are objective,others subjective,but ultimately,they should all be aggregated and handled holistically in order to support decision-making.This process can also be referred to as multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM).Some aspects of MCDM are often conducted unconsciously and non-transparently.By implementing mathematical methods that have been proved applicable for MCDM,multi-criteria decision-making processes can be handled more consciously and transparently and thus be made reproducible.The calculation method presented allows quantitative sustainability and qualitative indicator values to be accounted for with the level of importance desired.The MCDM method used is Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).As the model has already been described well in the scientific literature and is used frequently,the aim is to illustrate how TOPSIS can be applied for transparent decision-making within the building industry in the context of urban renewal and refurbishment schemes through case studies of various scales and descriptions.The case studies focused on in this paper incorporate a variety of specific pre-chosen criteria,including environmental performance,functional parameters and technical parameters.The case studies cover different parameters of refurbishment in a major hospital compound in Denmark due to be taken out of operation.One central design decision is whether to refurbish or demolish the old hospital buildings.The results reveal that decision support is first of all dependent on how the decision-making tool is applied and what choices are made in relation to the actual calculations.However,by implementing a mathematically based MCDM method like that being assessed in the case studies presented,the decisions and their argu-ments become transparent and are easily communicated within a project group.As a result,the tool is considered to be universally applicable across most decision-making contexts within the building industry.展开更多
The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption thro...The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption throughout the building life cycle.Full consideration of the impact of urban geometries on the microclimate will help construct livable and healthy cities.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations significantly improve the efficiency of assessing the microclimate and the performance of design schemes.The integration of CFD into design platforms by plug-ins marks a landmark development for the interaction of computer-aided design(CAD)and CFD,allowing architects to perform CFD simulations in their familiar design environments.This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and comprehensive comparison of CFD plug-ins in Autodesk Revit,Rhinoceros/Grasshopper,and SketchUp.The applications of CFD plug-ins in urban and building design are reviewed according to three types:single-objective,multi-objective,and coupling simulations.Two primary roles of CFD plug-ins integrated into the design process,including providing various micro-scale numerical simulations and optimizing the original design via feedback results,are analyzed.The issues of mesh generation,boundary conditions,turbulence models,and simulation accuracy during CFD plug-in applications are discussed.Finally,the limitations and future possibilities of CFD plug-ins are proposed.展开更多
Urban block form significantly impacts energy and environmental performance.Therefore,optimizing urban block design in the early stages contributes to enhancing urban energy efficiency and environmental sustainability...Urban block form significantly impacts energy and environmental performance.Therefore,optimizing urban block design in the early stages contributes to enhancing urban energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.However,widely used multi-objective optimization methods based on performance simulation face the challenges of high computational loads and low efficiency.This study introduces a framework using machine learning,especially the XGBoost model,to accelerate multi-objective optimization of energy-efficient urban block forms.A residential block in Nanjing serves as the case study.The framework commences with a parametric block form model driven by design variables,focusing on minimizing building energy consumption(EUI),maximizing photovoltaic energy generation(PVE)and outdoor sunlight hours(SH).Data generated through Latin Hypercube Sampling and performance simulations inform the model training.Through training and hyperparameter tuning,XGBoost’s predictive accuracy was validated against artificial neural network(ANN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF)models.Subsequently,XGBoost replaced traditional performance simulations,conducting multi-objective optimization via the NSGA-II algorithm.Results showcase the framework’s significant acceleration of the optimization process,improving computational efficiency by over 420 times and producing 185 Pareto optimal solutions with improved performance metrics.SHAP analysis highlighted shape factor(SF),building density(BD),and building orientation(BO)as key morphological parameters influencing EUI,PVE,and SH.This study presents an efficient approach to energy-efficient urban block design,contributing valuable insights for sustainable urban development.展开更多
文摘The concept of creating a Topography integrated urban center is to create an urban center that integrated with the city.The first step of the Concept is to settle by using the natural elevation in the land and to create volumes compatible with land by raising together with the elevation.While the passenger circulation at starting elevation is moved into a project with the cavestyle volume settled in land elevation.The new area of the square to be defined in the center of the building is intended to form an area combining the neighboring squares Kartal Square and Freedom Square,as well as contributing to the silhouette of Kartal from the sea with the location of the square and building.The project is a central complex design that deals with various urban problems thanks to professionals,local people of Kartal,and clubs which established with the municipality in a comprehensive way to search for solutions to be organized urban workshops and conferences.
文摘The German Sustainable Building Council(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen or DGNB)has one of the most comprehensive sustainability certification systems for urban districts(UD).Their explicit aim is that the system should impact the very earliest design decisions.The Technical University of Denmark has tested the DGNB-UD system in two experimental design projects for similar locations to find out how it can be used in the early-phase design process.This paper describes these two independent design processes,compares them and discusses their general features.We found that DGNB-UD addresses a broad sustainable focus and can be used as a tool for setting sustainability goals from the very first design steps.The system tends to promote multifunctional compromise solutions that meet several criteria at the same time.Using the DGNB-UD certification system in the early design phases therefore does have some effect on the urban design in terms of a bias towards certain design traits.
文摘As intensive urban organization form, urban complex emerged with the fast urbanization of our country. Based on the Patch-Corridor-Matrix model, the author analyzed urban complex landscape structure from the macro, meso and micro level, and also analyzed the relationship between urban complex and urban systems, the interact between functional patches, the landscape process and requirement of people from the three levels, proposed the main points of the planning and design of the environment landscape of urban complex, expect the study above can benefit urban complex's practice projects.
文摘Transformation and innovation of assistance model promote the transition of urban social assistance building to multi-functional building. This paper, on the basis of analyzing complexity and peculiarity of urban social assistance building, as well as researches and practices of sustainable improvement of domestic architecture, proposed environmental, social and economic objectives of the sustainable improvement of urban social assistance building, and elaborated design strategies from the perspectives of site selection and its impact on environment, application, evaluation and utilization of ecological technologies, reform of old buildings, flexible internal layout of building and combination of routine use and disaster use design, so as to improve social benefits and social assessment of assistance buildings sustainably, and to balance humanistic concerns and social resource input.
文摘With the development and innovation of digital information technology, digital visualization plays an increasingly important role in the design of urban public building spaces. This paper explores the application of digital visualization technology in the design of urban public building spaces and looks ahead to future trends. Firstly, it analyzes the challenges in the design of urban public building spaces, including extensive professional involvement, complex functional layout requirements, rational emergency evacuation routes, multidimensional analysis of architectural spatial environments, and appropriate selection of decorative materials. Next, it introduces the applications of digital visualization technology in showcasing visual design and expression, optimizing spatial functional layouts, enhancing the rationality of evacuation routes, analyzing dynamic environmental impacts and energy consumption, and improving the effectiveness of material selection in the design of urban public building spaces. Lastly, it discusses the prospects of extended reality (XR) technology, interactive design using data platforms, and AI technology in the design of public building spaces. It is hoped that this paper provides inspiration and reference for the deeper application of digital information technology in the field of architecture. .
基金supported by the National Key Technology R & D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006BAJ03A04, 2006BAJ4B067)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50978052)
文摘The paper presents a dynamic model intervened by urban design for the decision-making of land development intensity, which expresses the inherent interaction mechanism between lands based on the evaluation of land attributes and their similarity relationship. Each land unit is described with several factors according to their condition and potential for development, such as land function, accessibility, historical site control, landscape control, and so on. Then, the dynamic reference relationship between land units is established according to the similarity relationship between their factors. That means lands with similar conditions tend to have similar development intensities, which expresses the rule of the spontaneous urban development. Therefore, the development intensities of the pending lands can be calculated by the confirmed ones. Furthermore, the system can be actively intervened by adjusting the parameters according to urban design or planning intentions. And the reaction of the system offers effective support and reference for reasonable decision. The system with multiple intervention input is not only a credible tool for deriving development intensities, but also a platform to activate urban design conception. Above all, the system as a socio-technical tool integrates the optimization of form, function and environment, and embodies the principle of impersonality, justice and flexibility in the decision of land development intensity.
文摘INTRODUCTION Global sustainable development is inextricably tied to the development of cities,as accelerating growth in urban populations becomes a major driver of social,environmental and ecological change.Cities are major consumers of natural resources and producers of pollution and waste.Development solutions that can reduce urban environmental impacts,as well as increase urban quality of life,are urgently needed.How to ensure that rampant growth in urban communities follows a regenerative and sustainable path therefore becomes a critical and increasingly relevant question.
文摘INTRODUCTION When the David L.Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh was completed in 2003,it was one of largest green buildings in the country.Its success proved that sustainability principles could be integrated into a breathtaking and high-performing design.Using almost a decade of performance data,this study,led by evolveEA,was commissioned to understand the level of building performance and the return on the initial investment in sustainability.With input from Carnegie Mellon University’s Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics,CJL Engineering,and Civil and Environmental Consultants,the Buildings-in-Operation(BiO)study demonstrates that.
文摘Integrative approaches to architectural design+environmental technology pedagogy are essential in educating future generations to respond to impending building energy use challenges.This paper will describe new approaches to incorporating building physics and building technology in the design studio via a diverse cohort of students and faculty,with strong emphasis placed on the development of innovative architectural strategies operating at the intersection of urban demographics,house and housing design,building performance,and sustainability.The United States Department of Energy reports that our buildings account for forty percent of all energy consumed nationally.Our focus on high performance buildings at the Georgia Tech College of Architecture aims to reduce that percentage and meet the rising demand for design and building performance professionals to evaluate the environmental impact of design decisions.Continuing a twenty-five-year trajectory of research leadership,Tech students and faculty are leading the way in digital design,building simulation,engineering,and construction integration.Over the past four years,students from various schools across campus have been working together in a seminar and design studio setting to expand 21st century housing options.Changing urban demographics,sustainability targets,and alternative energy requirements are investigated through smartly researched and elegantly designed housing and public space propositions.The move from an ecologically aware architecture towards an architecture immersed in the emerging debates about carbon footprint and energy consumption is in part driven by increasing international concern over resource availability and delivery.Through reduced costs of alternative energy capture,higher efficiencies,rapid evolution of upstream technologies and applications and more robust software platforms along with growing social,political and economic debate,the definition of sustainability is evolving - moving to transform integral parts of archi-tectural practice and education from a primarily aesthetic and assembly oriented tra-jectory to a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between design thinking and building performance.
文摘Decision-making within the building industry often involves various criteria of very different natures.Some are qualitative,others quantitative,some are objective,others subjective,but ultimately,they should all be aggregated and handled holistically in order to support decision-making.This process can also be referred to as multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM).Some aspects of MCDM are often conducted unconsciously and non-transparently.By implementing mathematical methods that have been proved applicable for MCDM,multi-criteria decision-making processes can be handled more consciously and transparently and thus be made reproducible.The calculation method presented allows quantitative sustainability and qualitative indicator values to be accounted for with the level of importance desired.The MCDM method used is Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).As the model has already been described well in the scientific literature and is used frequently,the aim is to illustrate how TOPSIS can be applied for transparent decision-making within the building industry in the context of urban renewal and refurbishment schemes through case studies of various scales and descriptions.The case studies focused on in this paper incorporate a variety of specific pre-chosen criteria,including environmental performance,functional parameters and technical parameters.The case studies cover different parameters of refurbishment in a major hospital compound in Denmark due to be taken out of operation.One central design decision is whether to refurbish or demolish the old hospital buildings.The results reveal that decision support is first of all dependent on how the decision-making tool is applied and what choices are made in relation to the actual calculations.However,by implementing a mathematically based MCDM method like that being assessed in the case studies presented,the decisions and their argu-ments become transparent and are easily communicated within a project group.As a result,the tool is considered to be universally applicable across most decision-making contexts within the building industry.
文摘The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption throughout the building life cycle.Full consideration of the impact of urban geometries on the microclimate will help construct livable and healthy cities.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations significantly improve the efficiency of assessing the microclimate and the performance of design schemes.The integration of CFD into design platforms by plug-ins marks a landmark development for the interaction of computer-aided design(CAD)and CFD,allowing architects to perform CFD simulations in their familiar design environments.This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and comprehensive comparison of CFD plug-ins in Autodesk Revit,Rhinoceros/Grasshopper,and SketchUp.The applications of CFD plug-ins in urban and building design are reviewed according to three types:single-objective,multi-objective,and coupling simulations.Two primary roles of CFD plug-ins integrated into the design process,including providing various micro-scale numerical simulations and optimizing the original design via feedback results,are analyzed.The issues of mesh generation,boundary conditions,turbulence models,and simulation accuracy during CFD plug-in applications are discussed.Finally,the limitations and future possibilities of CFD plug-ins are proposed.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52478011,No.52378046).
文摘Urban block form significantly impacts energy and environmental performance.Therefore,optimizing urban block design in the early stages contributes to enhancing urban energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.However,widely used multi-objective optimization methods based on performance simulation face the challenges of high computational loads and low efficiency.This study introduces a framework using machine learning,especially the XGBoost model,to accelerate multi-objective optimization of energy-efficient urban block forms.A residential block in Nanjing serves as the case study.The framework commences with a parametric block form model driven by design variables,focusing on minimizing building energy consumption(EUI),maximizing photovoltaic energy generation(PVE)and outdoor sunlight hours(SH).Data generated through Latin Hypercube Sampling and performance simulations inform the model training.Through training and hyperparameter tuning,XGBoost’s predictive accuracy was validated against artificial neural network(ANN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF)models.Subsequently,XGBoost replaced traditional performance simulations,conducting multi-objective optimization via the NSGA-II algorithm.Results showcase the framework’s significant acceleration of the optimization process,improving computational efficiency by over 420 times and producing 185 Pareto optimal solutions with improved performance metrics.SHAP analysis highlighted shape factor(SF),building density(BD),and building orientation(BO)as key morphological parameters influencing EUI,PVE,and SH.This study presents an efficient approach to energy-efficient urban block design,contributing valuable insights for sustainable urban development.