Digital Continuity Guarantee Method of Urban Construction Archives Based on Risk Management

With the broad application of information technology in urban infrastructure,urban construction has entered the stage of a smart city,forming many electronic records in urban construction.These electronic records play a vital role in the maintenance of urban infrastructure.However,electronic records often change in the process of urban construction.How to preserve the electronic records of urban construction became a significant challenge.In response to this problem,this paper proposes the use of risk-based management techniques to ensure the digital continuity,authenticity,integrity,and availability of electronic records.

Urban and river flooding:Comparison of flood risk management approaches in the UK and China and an assessment of future knowledge needs

Increased urbanisation,economic growth,and long-term climate variability have made both the UK and China more susceptible to urban and river flooding,putting people and property at increased risk.This paper presents a review of the current flooding challenges that are affecting the UK and China and the actions that each country is undertaking to tackle these problems.Particular emphases in this paper are laid on(1)learning from previous flooding events in the UK and China,and(2)which management methodologies are commonly used to reduce flood risk.The paper concludes with a strategic research plan suggested by the authors,together with proposed ways to overcome identified knowledge gaps in flood management.Recommendations briefly comprise the engagement of all stakeholders to ensure a proactive approach to land use planning,early warning systems,and water-sensitive urban design or redesign through more effective policy,multi-level flood models,and data driven models of water quantity and quality.

Research and Practice of Meta-synthesis Management for the Government-led Urban Complex Construction Project

This paper researches the overall construction target of government-led urban complex construction projects based on the perspective of sustainable urban development. In order to achieve benefit maximization, the meta-synthesis management for the government-led urban complex construction project is studied. In order to combine theory and practice, several typical government-led urban complex construction project cases, such as Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center and Guangzhou International Financial City etc. are examined. These examples point to the feasibility of government-led meta-synthesis management and demonstrate the benefits that can be achieved through this model.

Urban flood inundation and damage assessment based on numerical simulations of design rainstorms with different characteristics

In the context of global climate change and urbanization,urban flooding is an important type of natural disaster that affects urban development,especially in China,which is experiencing rapid urbanization.In the past 10 years,urban flooding events have caused huge disaster losses in Chinese cities.This has resulted in significant negative effects on the urban infrastructure,socioeconomic systems,and urban residents,thus causing widespread concern.Studies have confirmed the change in extreme rainstorms is due to the changing environments in many cities globally.Conducting studies on the impact of these rainstorms with different characteristics for urban flooding is valuable for coping with unfavorable situations.In addition,numerical simulations provide an economical and viable means to perform these studies.This paper presents a numerical model of Xiamen Island in China.Simulations were conducted for 12 design rainstorm events with different return periods,rain patterns,and durations.The results indicate that,in the case of an equal rainfall amount,the rainfall intensity is the key factor that affects the inundated area,depth,and damages.However,the rainfall intensity is not the only determining factor;the rainfall pattern also affects the inundations.In regard to the rainfall pattern,a higher rainfall peak coefficient usually leads to severe urban inundation and damage.As a result,the lag time would be shorter,which may further exacerbate the impact of urban flood disasters.The results of this study provide insights into managing flood risks,developing urban flood prevention strategies,and designing flood prevention measures.

A Case Similarity Calculation Model Based on the Urban Flooding Case with Stratified Data Characteristics

As the pace of urbanization is accelerating, increasing amount of floodplain has been projected as the future cities. Subsequently, urban flooding is being studied by global emergency management exports due to its increasingly significant impact on us. Some existing research on flooding emergency management based on the case-based reasoning(CBR) method have made tremendous progress, but the urban flooding case with its stratified data characteristics is required a new methodology which is different from the ones applied to flash floods. So, based on the case-based reasoning(CBR) method, this paper proposed a CPIE-CBR model with four layers, classification filtration, punctiform similarity, interval similarity and entropy weight method, to calculate the case similarity among the urban flooding case with stratified data characteristics. Then we carry out the numerical simulation with the real data about China and conduct some comparison with original ways so that we observe the validity and efficiency of our model in the end.

Quantitative analysis of impact of green stormwater infrastructures on combined sewer overflow control and urban flooding control

Stimulated by the recent USEPA＇s green stormwater infrastructure （GSI） guidance and policies, GS1 systems have been widely implemented in the municipal area to control the combined sewer overflows （CSOs）, also known as low impact development （LID） approaches. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control, USEPA-Stormwater Management Model （SWMM） model was adopted in this study to simulate the behaviors of GSI systems in a well- developed urban drainage area, PSW45, under different circumstances. The impact of different percentages of stormwater runoff transported from impervious surfaces to the GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control has also been investigated. Results show that with current buildup, GSI systems in PSW45 have the best performance for low intensity and short duration events on both volume and peak flow reductions, and have the worst pertbrmance tor high intensity and long durataon events. Since the low intensity and short duration events are dominant from a long-term perspective, utilizing GSI systems is considered as an effective measure of CSO control to meet the long-term controlstrategy for PSW45 watershed. However, GSI systems are not suitable for the flooding control purpose in PSW45 due to the high occurrence possibility of urban flooding during or after high intensity events where GSI systems have relatively poor performance no matter for a short or long duration event,

Study on Urban Construction History and Culture of the Tortoise City of Ganzhou

This paper states the geographic environment and brief history of Ganzhou City, specially discussing the idea of YANG Junsong, the Master of Feng Shui, who planned and built Ganzhou City in the shape of tortoise and its cultural connotation. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of its site selection, and discusses the urban flood and flood control. It also expounds the history of urban planning and construction. Ganzhou City is regarded as an example and a book of city planning and construction in ancient China in terms of the masters' selection of the site and construction of the city, the city walls with functions of military defense and flood control, and the urban canal system of Fushougou against water-logging, the historical streets and lanes, the cultural relics, landscapes, etc., which not only make Ganzhou City the birthplace of first urban scenic spots and splendid historical culture, but also embodies the great wisdom of ancient Chinese. Three masters, YANG Junsong, KONG Zonghan, and LIU Yi, are heroes in the history of urban construction of Ganzhou.

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo： Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Tuo Shan Yan Dam is a small darn which was built above Yinjiang River at the Yinjiang Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province of China in 833 AD, but it is greatly contributed to Ningbo City, a current big port city of China. The dam and the matched system had become a key hydro-infrastructure to the city＇s existence and development, and irrigation of the countryside nearby the city from ninth century up to 1987, a big dam was built at upper reach to control water of the river. Tuo Shan Yan Dam functioned an important role in the local water management and met a series of purposes perfectly, mainly as： （a） regulation of the river water; （b） save the flood; （c） stop the salinization; （d） urban water supply; （e） storage of flesh water; （f） irrigation; （g） ship transportation. And it is a miracle that it has been functioned for more than one thousand years. This dam also influenced the local social life and people＇s spiritual world simultaneously. The construction of the dam and its matched hydro-system is in line with the Chinese ancient logic of urban water management to manage river to meet a multi-proposes of urban development by a key project and a systemic engineering design. It is an important case for better understanding of ancient Chinese urban water management and to learn from the history for current water sustainability. Accordingly, the dam＇s design, construction and its influence on the local societies are studied in this article.

基于MIKE URBAN的城市内涝模型应用

针对日益突出的城市内涝问题,为了减少内涝灾害的发生、达到防洪排涝的目的,以成都市某小区为例,基于对小区排水管网的概化处理,雨量分配利用芝加哥雨型,应用MIKE URBAN软件模拟小区排水管网在不同降雨强度下承压运行情况及管点溢流情况,并通过设置小型调蓄池和扩增管径两种途径改善城市内涝状况。结果表明:改造后管网设计重现期由2年一遇提高到10年一遇,管段承压状况得到明显改善。在遭遇10年一遇降雨时,管道峰值流量明显降低,典型管道削峰率达62. 5%,管网过水能力大幅度增加。在今后排水系统改造中,应当使城市管网与雨水调蓄池等海绵措施相结合,实现削减峰值雨量,从源头上防止内涝的发生。该模型具有建模简单、运算精确的特点,对城市防洪排涝相关研究有较好的借鉴意义。

Methods and Tools Supporting Urban Resilience Planning: Experiences from Cork, Ireland

To prevent flood disasters, policymakers call for resilient cities which are better able to cope with flood hazards. However, actual adoption of resilience measures in urban planning is still limited, partly because it is not sufficiently clear how and to what extent resilience should and can be enhanced. To develop resilience strategies, information on the current resilience and on the effects of measures should be available. Since cities are complex systems, an assessment of resilience requires the input of different actors. To obtain and combine this input, a comprehensive approach which brings together many actors is required. Furthermore, resilience must be integrated in planning frameworks in order to enhance adoption by city policy makers. Tools which support and structure the contribution of different disciplines and actors will help to obtain information on the current resilience and to develop a shared vision on measures to enhance urban resilience. We illustrate our view with an example on Cork, Ireland.

The“Urban Water Machine”:A Landscape-Based Approach for Urban Planning

Climate change is confronting cities across the globe,resulting in extreme weather conditions:floods,droughts,forest fires,and hurricanes.These natural hazards have become so severe that it is increasingly difficult to manage them.Urbanization,which has marginalized nature and water over time,has exacerbated these conditions.By replacing natural features with hardscape,cities are less adaptive to environmental fluctuations,and climate-related hazards are intensified,through heat island effect for example.Streets,squares,and parts of the city are inundated by water.The need to give space to water and nature in the city is more urgent than ever.The essential relationship between water and humans gave birth to our cities.This relationship has evolved across time and geography,and our current climate and ecological crises are calling us to take the next step in this evolution.Improving natural systems within the city,including a holistic approach for rivers,waterways,and green corridors,will improve resilience to flash floods and drought,contribute to heat mitigation,and improve urban living conditions.It will create possibilities for new economic,environmental,community,and social developments.A contemporary and healthy relationship between humanity and nature requires creating a basic,sustainable,spatial framework that upgrades and connects larger green and water(blue)structures.These blue-green structures should also be linked within the city and within its neighborhoods.The new mechanism to balance water in the city will be an integrated system,what we call the“urban water machine”.By integrating our natural and man-made water systems with each other,and with green spaces in and around the urban environment,we can regenerate the“urban water machine”and use it as the basis for a truly holistic approach to spatial planning.To shape our contemporary relationship with water,it is important to develop both innovative design tools and spatial typologies.A design approach based on the“urban water machine”provides climate adaptive solutions with nature-based design tools within the green landscape framework combined with blue-green design tools in public spaces.Such a holistic approach will help to care for the city as a whole,making them more beautiful,vibrant,and resilient.

Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul,South Korea's Flood Risk Management

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research.Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance.In this study,we examined participatory risk governance(PRG)of flood risk management(FRM)in Seoul,South Korea.We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens,to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management,and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul.We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and citizens.Key informants believed that citizens'low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG.Yet our research found that citizens'risk awareness was not low,and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG.Instead,we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions,and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves.Moreover,the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other,which implies a lack of mutual understanding.To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG,we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group,and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance.Communication between government and citizen participants,designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM,will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

有效不透水面分布对城市雨水径流的影响

城市区域不透水面分布错综复杂,汇流路径多样,不透水面有效性及其产流机制成为城市水文学的热点问题。研究以北京市主城区为对象,构建了基于汇水路径的有效不透水面的识别方法,拟合出总不透水面与有效不透水面的经验公式,定量识别了不透水面有效性对北京市主城区雨水径流的影响。结果表明:考虑不透水面有效性能显著提升模型模拟精度,针对不同城市化阶段,在各种重现期降雨情景下设置不同有效不透水面比例并进行模拟,发现有效不透水面对低重现期降雨产流过程的影响远大于高重现期降雨产流过程,且城市化前期有效不透水面增加会导致较大洪峰增长率,而城市化后期影响减小。研究可为优化城市地面格局,减缓城市洪涝灾害损失提供科学参考。

基于多源数据融合的城市洪涝模拟高精度地形构建方法

为了解决城市洪涝模拟精细地形数据难以获取的问题,提出了一种考虑管网数据、道路数据和建筑物数据等多源数据融合的城市洪涝模拟高精度地形构建方法。以唐山市龙王庙河周边区域作为实例验证研究区域,基于该方法构建的DEM建立了研究区城市雨洪模型(GAST-SWMM耦合模型),并对两场降雨条件下的雨洪过程进行了模拟,模拟得到的积水位置与实际积水位置相吻合,其中一场降雨条件下两处水位的纳什效率系数分别达到0.92和0.87,水位峰值相对误差为3.35%和3.63%,验证了方法的有效性,表明采用该方法构建的DEM能够较好地反映研究区域的地形特征,可满足城市洪涝模拟的精度要求。

BIM技术在城市建设机电工程管理中的应用

传统机电工程施工中高新技术采用较少,为提升机电工程管理水平,该文探讨BIM技术在城市建设机电工程领域中的应用。采用BIM技术在虚拟空间构建数字模型,然后设置相关的技术参数、施工定额、构件清单和联动模块,通过碰撞试验、模拟施工、数字标记等方式进行检验。结果表明,运用BIM技术可以有效进行质量管理、成本管理、进度管理、安全管理、协调管理和运营管理,在保证工程质量的同时节约投资、缩短工期。说明采用BIM技术可以有效提升机电工程管理水平,并且为相关参建单位提供便捷的数据共享平台,推动城市建设的发展。

城市轨道交通运营线路智能化施工管理系统设计

针对城市轨道交通(简称:城轨)运营线路施工作业中存在的施工计划繁杂、请销点办理效率低、计划编制繁琐、不确定因素干扰等诸多问题,设计了城轨运营线路智能化施工管理系统,阐述了其总体架构、功能设计和关键技术,实现了施工计划管理、施工作业控制、施工统计分析等功能。通过在郑州地铁上线运行的效果表明,该系统可有效降低运营成本、提升施工管理效率,为城轨运营线路管理和工程建设提供有力支撑。

Linking a Storm Water Management Model to a Novel Two-Dimensional Model for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling

This article describes a new method of urban pluvial flood modeling by coupling the 1D storm water management model(SWMM)and the 2D flood inundation model(ECNU Flood-Urban).The SWMM modeling results(the overflow of the manholes)are used as the input boundary condition of the ECNU Flood-Urban model to simulate the rainfall–runoff processes in an urban environment.The analysis is applied to the central business district of East Nanjing Road in downtown Shanghai,considering 5-,10-,20-,50-,and 100-year return period rainfall scenarios.The results show that node overflow,water depth,and inundation area increase proportionately with the growing return periods.Water depths are mostly predicted to be shallow and surface flows generally occur in the urban road network due to its low-lying nature.The simulation result of the coupled model proves to be reliable and suggests that urban surface water flooding could be accurately simulated by using this methodology.Adaptation measures(upgrading of the urban drainage system)can then be targeted at specific locations with significant overflow and flooding.

基于微信小程序的广州市违建查治成果可视化分析系统设计与实现

为改善传统城市违法建设治理中成果形式单一、可视化能力差等不足,基于微信小程序开发了广州市违建查治成果可视化分析系统,通过拆违点位落图、台账移动查询、专题统计制图和热点区域挖掘等功能,实现了查违成果的信息化管理。充分发挥小程序“小、快、轻”的优势,创新城市查违治理工作模式,提升治违工作管理水平,为小程序在城市违法建设治理领域的应用研究提供参考。

BIM技术在智慧城轨建设施工阶段应用研究

随着信息技术的不断发展,现代智慧城轨工程建设的信息化程度日益加深,建筑信息模型(BIM)技术作为城市轨道交通常见的数据化工具,可在提高生产效率、节约工程建设成本、提升安全质量等方面发挥重要作用。然而,当前国内在智慧城轨工程建设施工阶段,BIM技术的正向应用尚显不足。文章通过对台州市域铁路S1线以及无锡至江阴城际轨道交通工程建设中BIM技术的具体应用进行深入分析,总结其在智慧城轨建设施工阶段的重要作用。BIM技术作为建设施工阶段的数字信息化工具,通过三维可视化模拟和信息化管理等手段,对工程施工重难点进行精准把控。实践表明,BIM技术的应用使得工程的总体进度提前1年完成,同时安全和质量问题也显著减少。

基于OBE与系统韧性分析的城市管理专业建设研究

城市管理的客体是“物理+人理+事理”巨系统,具有综合性、专业性、复杂性和动态性特点。本文在充分分析城市的系统特征基础上,深度剖析多技术环节与多场景组合的城市常态监管与应急管理多维度内涵,以新时代城市管理的要求倒推对应的专业建设要求,一是应用OBE思路建立三层级城市管理专业教育教学目标体系。二是引入生态系统韧性保持的思路,结合城市管理技术复合型特点,提出并设计了包含辨识、预测、控制与评估等四环节以及工程、信息、安全与应急等四模块的专业建设框架,并对框架内部逻辑关系进行了阐释。三是应用课程地图方法,以城市安全与应急为典型建立了能力模型,并在此基础上提出了对应的多映射课程框架。