Multi-source Data-driven Identification of Urban Functional Areas:A Case of Shenyang,China

Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.

Spatial Identification of Urban Ecological Function on the North Slope of Qinling Mountains Based on Ecological Sensitivity—A Case Study in Baoji, China

Since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ecological civilization has been the key construction goal in China, which has a profound impact on the process of urbanization. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and unreasonable land development and utilization, the ecological environment has deteriorated sharply, and the stability of ecological environment has always been a difficult problem in the process of regional development. The spatial division of urban ecological function can be divided into different types of spatial utilization according to the fragile state of ecological environment, which not only guarantees urban construction but also maintains the ecological environment health, and has great economic benefits and ecological value in formulating regional development strategies and ecological protection. In this paper, from four perspectives of “land, water, human and forest”, eight factors affecting ecological sensitivity were selected, and GIS spatial superposition method was used to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis on the ecological sensitivity of Baoji City, and the evaluation results of single factor ecological sensitivity and comprehensive ecological sensitivity were obtained. The areas with different ecological sensitivity are divided into extremely sensitive areas, highly sensitive areas, moderately sensitive areas, slightly sensitive areas and non-sensitive areas. The research shows that the proportion of extreme, high, moderate, mild and insensitive areas in Baoji City is 7.32%, 10.57%, 22.25%, 42.91% and 16.95% respectively. Finally, the areas with different sensitivity grades are identified as three types of urban ecological function areas: ecological conservation area, ecological coordinated moderate utilization area and ecological suitable construction area, so as to provide scientific theoretical basis for urban construction and land use optimization in Baoji City.

Functional Characteristics of Beijing Subway Stations Based on POI Data:Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as An Example

Urban subway station is a key node related to urban social,political,economic and cultural activities.There are some differences in the location,function orientation,land use and flow characteristics of different types of stations in the city.This paper mainly used Tyson’s edge,kernel density analysis,chart analysis and other methods to classify the functional types of 412,393 POI data of 26 stations along Metro he results showed that the spatial distribution of Beijing Metro Line 6 was mainly divided into 3 categories,subway stations were divided into 4 categories.Among them,type A sites were divided into composite and single types,and the distribution characteristics of the 6 types of sites were quite different.Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of POI point data,this method can quickly classify and analyze the characteristics of stations along Line 6 in Beijing,which also has theoretical and practical value for the planning of urban subway lines.

Functional Characteristics of the Surrounding Area of Beijing Metro Line 5 Based on POI Data

As an important urban infrastructure,rail transit not only has transportation function,but also has a close connection and harmonious development with the surrounding urban space.Taking Beijing Metro Line 5 as an example,each station of Beijing Metro Line 5 was analyzed by GIS software and Echarts chart based on POI data.The functions of subway site type were divided into main function,secondary function and no significant function,and various types of sites within the main functional characteristics of urban functions were discussed in details.The paper presents a new method for identifying urban functional features,which can be applied to not only other metro stations in Beijing but also the same type of cities.Moreover,it lays a foundation for the research of rail transit subway stations and their related researches.

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China

Microplastics(MPs;<5 mm)have become one of the most prominent global environmental pollution problems.MPs can spread to high altitudes through atmospheric transport and can be deposited by rainfall or snowfall,potentially threatening the structure and function of natural ecosystems.MPs in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems alter the growth and functional characteristics of organisms.However,little attention has been given to the possible harm associated with MPs deposited in snow,particularly in the context of global climate warming.MPs collected from surface snow in the Inner Mongolia Plateau,China,were used for quantitative analysis and identification.The results showed that MPs were easily detected,and the related concentration was approximately(68±10)–(199±22)MPsL1 in snow samples.Fibers were the most common morphology,the polymer composition was largely varied,and the abundance and composition of MPs were linked to human activity to a great extent.High-throughput sequencing results showed that the composition and abundance of microorganisms also differed in snow samples from areas with different MP pollution characteristics,indicating a considerable difference in microbial functional diversity.MPs may have an interference effect on the individual growth and functional expression of microorganisms in snow.In addition,the results showed that functional living areas(e.g.,landfills and suburban areas)in cities play an important role in the properties of MPs.For instance,the highest abundance of MPs was found in thermal power plants,whereas the abundance of polymers per sample was significantly lower in the suburban area.The MP contaminants hidden in snow can alter microbial structure and function and are therefore a potential threat to ecosystem health.

城市轨道交通应急演练中心功能体系设计

近年来城市轨道交通快速发展,在给人们出行生活带来便捷的同时,也对运营安全提出了更高的要求。城市轨道交通具有高峰客流量大、专业系统多、技术复杂度高、运转强度大、运营环境封闭等特点,相应的应急安全工作更加复杂,因此开展城市轨道交通应急演练以增强应急处置和管理的韧性尤为重要。首先从国家、行业、企业3个层次分析了城市轨道交通应急演练的需求,并从需求出发,设计了城市轨道交通应急演练中心功能体系,包含业务布局、功能设计、技术装备和架构规划,旨在为国内城市轨道交通应急演练中心的设计提供一套科学、合理且具有操作性的整体解决方案,提升城市轨道交通应急处置水平,降低应急事件的危害。

城市轨道交通ATO与TCMS功能融合设计

[目的]基于ATO(列车自动运行系统)与TCMS(列车控制及监控系统)的基本功能,采用融合设计的方式可简化重复设计,并优化列车控制功能,故有必要开展相关研究。[方法]通过综合分析现阶段ATO和TCMS在城市轨道交通中的功能和应用,研究ATO和TCMS控制功能融合,提出了一种列车系统集成化和控制功能更佳的一体化设计方案,并分析了功能融合所带来的优势。[结果及结论]融合ATO和TCMS功能后,可提高列车的系统集成度,使之更容易实现智能化,但也需要克服技术和管理等方面的挑战。

固边兴边视域下边境城镇体系建设:历史逻辑、实践进路与路径优化

城镇自产生后便逐渐屹立于人类经济、政治、社会和文化的中心位置。城镇蕴含的防卫、吸纳、聚集、整合、引领与辐射等功能,使城镇既是国家治理的重要客体和空间单元,又是国家治理必须开发和依托的空间场域。建城治边是中国古代边疆治理的重要方略。在中国式现代化进程中,固边兴边内在要求加强边境城镇体系建设,促进边境城镇功能的集成与放大。因应现代化发展不同阶段固边兴边实践要求,党和政府通过强化边境城镇体系建设顶层设计、发挥城镇区划调整和建制优化的牵引作用、推动边境城镇之间的联动与协同等方式,持续推动边境城镇体系建设,加速了边境现代化的整体进程。更好发挥边境城镇的固边兴边功能,需运用空间干预政策,持续优化边境城镇布局和结构,加强边境城镇间的协作治理,加大对边境城镇体系建设的支持与支援力度。

基于集群智能的“微观·宏观双向逻辑”城市设计方法研究--以广州市城中村石牌社区为例

“城中村”现象虽然在一定程度上影响了城市风貌与城市建设,但却能形成一种自组织、以密集人口为核心的经济活力地带。在数字都市主义和城市原型理论背景下,本设计研究旨在以智能算法探索“城中村”现象的形态生成逻辑,为设计师提供一种基于运算化设计的城市设计思路与方法。该文以“广州第一村”石牌城中村为研究对象,在人工界定地块用地边界、交通流线、功能类型、容积率等宏观信息后,使用C#编译了基于细胞分裂、竞争、交互行为的复杂多智能体系统,生成了初步的功能平面。平面经Substrate算法的细分与波函数坍缩算法(WFC)的空间细化后,得到了一种有机且模块化的城市设计三维模型结果。计算结果不仅实现了对“城中村”形态逻辑的复刻,还为城市设计的形态选择提供了一种基于集群智能的“微观·宏观双向逻辑”的运算化设计新思路,具应用前景。

拥挤约束型城市应急物资储备库网络功能优化模型——以河北省石家庄市为例

应急物资的合理储备和运输分配是应急管理中防灾减灾救灾的基础。重大风险处置过程中,应急物资调配极易因拥挤而发生时间延迟,故考虑其拥挤情景的约束极为必要。然而,当前考虑拥挤约束以及结合区域加以实证的应急物资调配研究成果偏少,其研究广度和深度有待加强。因此,该文提出了拥挤约束型城市应急物资储备库网络功能优化问题。基于排队理论设计拥挤约束条件,并从覆盖半径内需求满意距离递减、交通方式多样化、交通通达程度复杂化等视角,对传统应急物资储备库功能优化模型加以改进,构建了拥挤型单目标无容量限制设施选址模型,并设计了求解的启发式算法。把所构建模型应用于河北省石家庄市应急物资储备库网络优化,并从城市群、多影响以及等级优化视角提出拓展研究的方向。

面向动态城市体检的智能化监测评估路径探索——以西安市实时体检评估实践为例

城市体检评估是落实新时代城市高质量发展、推进建立国土空间规划实施监督机制的重要举措。文章结合自然资源部关于实时体检试点建设要求,以西安市为例,探索实时体检总体建设思路以及多源数据汇集、指标体系研究、动态评估和预警的建设路径,并从建设成效出发,分析了实时体检应用成果,为西安市国土空间体检评估智慧化、规划实施监督动态化提供重要基础,为西安市国土空间治理水平提升提供保障。

城市轨道交通智能调度技术及应用研究

随着我国城市轨道交通网络化建设进程的不断推进,面向网络化安全、高效运营的智能调度系统成为建设智慧城轨的关键之一。针对城市轨道交通的实际需求提出了智能调度系统整体方案,分析了系统中的三大关键技术:运行图自动编制、调整策略智能生成和辅助决策。重点阐述了智能调度系统方案中基于客流评估的全自动编图、实时客流感知和调度决策以及故障运维联动与应急预案联动这三大功能,以提高城市轨道交通行车调度的自动化、智能化水平,提升应急处置效率和乘客出行的便捷性。最后,以实际某地铁集团智能调度现场运用为例,分析了智能调度方案在城市轨道交通运营过程中的作用。

考虑电能消耗成本的城市供水系统优化调度方法研究

为了高效地对城市供水系统进行调度,利用优化方法,对系统调度进行优化。从电能消耗成本的视角,结合宏观模型和罚函数,构建供水系统优化调度模型。结果显示,优化调度模型能调节供水流量,减少供水费用;时段3下,A水厂优化流量为3166.25m^(3)/h,比实测流量大668.35m^(3)/h;A、B两座水厂平均节约供水费用率为5.80%。研究方法提高了城市供水系统调度的效率,降低了水厂运行成本。

THE CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL FUNCTION OF CHINESE CITIES (INCLUDING ATTACHED COUNTIES)

Represents the first attempt to classify all of China’s295 cities in terms of industrial functions,using 1984 data.Within the framework of economic base theory of urban development,three elements are defined as specialized branch,functional intensity and functional scale.The method used here is based on a combination of the three elements.A number of techniques tried made it possible to base the classification on a composite measure,consisting of the Ward’s Error Method of hierarchical cluster analysis and a supplementary application of Nelson measure.The 295 cities have been grouped into three categories with 19 subcategories and 54 functional groups.The distribution of cities in most of the subcategories are displayed on 8 maps.

Sustainable Urban Restructuring of Khartoum： A Revolutionary Measure for Rapid Growth Absorption and Urban Changes

Rapidly developing cities are under continuous physical and social changes which make sustainable urban growth concept a matured line of thinking. They are therefore, in need of restructuring to contain these changes. Likewise, Khartoum is growing rapidly and is subjected to continual transformation. It started in Independence Day （1/1/1956） by 〈3% of Sudan population and reached 16.8% in 2010 while its physical block grew beyond imagination. The objective of this paper is to throw light on Khartoum rapid growth change effects which necessitated implementation of a revolutionary restructuring programme. At first, huge rural influxes were absorbed and later physical distortions were corrected. This included squatter settlements＇ treatment to strengthen urban fabric, reallocation of incompatible urban functions, revitalization of the CBD （central business district） and other urban renewal schemes. Transportation lines were extended to ease people mobility and higher population concentrations were diluted, particularly the filthy slums. Old neighbourhoods, traditional villages, etc. were re-planned and popular physical development was encouraged. The restructuring programme appropriated population distribution, administrative districts, new local markets＇ locations and urban activities＇ distribution. The programme attained social benefits, particularly availing shelter and essential social services. Difficulties from relocation processes were encountered but settlements＇ regularization achieved social justice and sustained urban growth.

“多规合一”前后市级国土空间规划指标体系变化分析

为厘清市级国土空间规划指标体系的缘起和建构过程,本文对比分析了原主体功能区规划市级层面指标、市级土地利用总体规划指标、城市总体规划指标与“多规合一”后的市级国土空间规划指标。研究发现,市级国土空间规划指标通过“规划分区+控制线+约束性指标+名录管控”的方式整合重塑了国土空间安全底线;延续了优化国土空间结构、提升资源利用效率、节约集约利用土地和促进绿色低碳发展的主要任务,促进高质量发展;在中心城区规划层级较为完整地沿用城市总体规划用地布局原理、公共服务设施配置标准、市政设施和道路交通设计标准来描绘高品质生活;通过整合体检评估机制,实现了在纵向和横向上对规划实施进行行政监督。

有序的非平衡:京津冀城市群人口系统自组织协同的演化过程——基于历次人口普查数据的分析

基于系统科学的自组织理论,结合历次人口普查数据,本文研究发现:京津冀城市群人口演化过程具有明显的协同效应、伺服效应和自组织效应,并表现出可预见的发展趋向。第一,形成了首要主导城市、次主导城市、主协作城市、次协作城市的整体协同格局,层级化协同特征较为突出;第二,形成了四大圈层城市结构,圈层化格局特征较为稳定;第三,存在多极→单极→双极、突变→稳态→成长、无序自组织→有序自组织、弱非平衡关系→强非平衡关系的协同阶段趋向,并且在当前双极协同的状况下,正处于由成长状态向突变状态转变的阶段。京津冀城市群人口协同发展将呈现五个方面的特点:有序、非平衡、有序的扩大、非平衡加剧趋势放缓、双极协同向多极协同的潜在趋向发展。

智能巡检系统在城市轨道状态巡检的应用

介绍项目组创新研发智能巡检系统的工作原理、架构、功能及技术创新,架构分为图像采集模块、数据采集存储和控制模块、数据分析模块等3个部分。以福州地铁1号线和6号线作为试验段,智能巡检系统对钢轨表面擦伤、扣件异常、异物等缺陷进行自动识别,有效检测出轨道病害,验证系统对钢轨表面擦伤缺陷以及扣件异常病害,钢轨附着异物的自动分析功能,满足轨道伤损智能分析判别的需求,测算得到采用智能巡检工时占比为人工巡检的56.04%,证明智能检测系统在指导工务维修中能起到切实可行的作用。

系统韧性理念下城市水系空间“生态+”发展策略及实践

当前我国城市水系空间建设过程中,由于忽视经济、社会、文化和空间活力等多重效益的联动互馈作用,出现了生态空间功能单一、活力不足、规划实施困难等问题。强调提升系统主体自适应、自协调、自组织能力的系统韧性理念,为解决上述问题提供契机。基于系统韧性理论,研究提出多元化的城市水系空间“生态+”发展策略:基于“生态+安全”,系统化建构城市水系生态安全格局,完善基础支撑;基于“生态+多功能”,形成复合功能区划、多元产业兼容、绿道系统布局与涉水工程设施景观化等复合策略,提升水系空间活力与品质;基于“生态+多主体”,引入多方共建机制,提供规划实施保障。以周口市为例,在城市水系空间生态安全布局、多元功能与景观设计、空间活力提升、多方共建等方面落实“生态+”发展策略,为城市水系空间的韧性发展提供借鉴。

Recognizing mixed urban functions from human activities using representation learning methods

When various urban functions are integrated into one location,they form a mixture of functions.The emerging big data promote an alternative way to identify mixed functions.However,current methods are largely unable to extract deep features in these data,resulting in low accuracy.In this study,we focused on recognizing mixed urban functions from the perspective of human activities,which are essential indicators of functional areas in a city.We proposed a framework to comprehensively extract deep features of human activities in big data,including activity dynamics,mobility interactions,and activity semantics,through representation learning methods.Then,integrating these features,we employed fuzzy clustering to identify the mixture of urban functions.We conducted a case study using taxiflow and social media data in Beijing,China,in whichfive urban functions and their correlations with land use were recognized.The mixture degree of urban functions in each location was revealed,which had a negative correlation with taxi trip distance.The results confirmed the advantages of our method in understanding mixed urban functions by employing various representation learning methods to comprehensively depict human activities.This study has important implications for urban planners in understanding urban systems and developing better strategies.