Integrated Conservation and Revitalization of Beijing Dashilanr Urban Heritage

The paper analyzed the opportunities and challenges faced by the urban heritage protection of Dashilanr historical district based on the concept of the integrated conservation of the urban heritage of Beijing old city at present.Then,the paper put forward the protection of urban heritage to lead the revitalization of Dashilanr historical district,and then the paper analyzed the historical and cultural value carrier of the Dashilanr urban heritage.Finally,the paper proposed that integrated conservation of the Dashilanr urban heritage needed the protection method of historic urban landscape.

GIS island Knowledge： Documenting and Managing Catania＇s Historic Urban Heritage

The present study shows the results of a research aimed at the knowledge of the significant features of Catania＇s urban environment. The complexity of the different features of the city, the several scales of representation, the multi-dimensional objects and the historical, anthropic, formal relations have produced different kinds of information requiring a flexible instrument that is able to transcribe images, charts, texts and symbols in a single model of representation. In the perspective of creating a fundamental cognitive framework, the research team paid attention at drawing up a GIS （Geographic Information System） for documenting and managing historic urban heritage. The idea is to have a structure able to collect data like a logic archival system or an open database, which can immediately be consulted and constantly implemented. Indeed, the aim of this GIS is to organize, manage, query and visualise the peculiar aspects which characterize Catania＇s architectures. Thanks to multi-directional ＂access-windows＂ it is possible to navigate through its contents （texts, drawings, 3D rendering, pictures, historical documents）. The system will also allow the integration of several documents in a common geo-database up to visualise the most meaningful details. Its use could assure suitable proposals of urban transformations and coherent plans in using and/or managing heritage goods for a sustainable city development.

Ordinary Urban Heritage of Rattanakosin: Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods of the historic center of Bangkok

This paper discussed the selection criteria for Ordinary Urban Heritage (OUH) in Rattanakosin, the historic center of Bangkok through the case of ordinary restaurants and everyday foods. The OUH stands for an alternative approach to heritage understanding and conservation, derived from the notion of ordinary heritage, vernacular heritage, and urban heritage emphasizing the heritages of the everydayness of ordinary people. The OUHs have co-existed and inherited through the evolution of the city but are overlooked by the official conservation process. Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods were selected by 5 criteria, 1) appeared for more than 50 years;2) created, developed, and used by ordinary people;3) found as the clusters;4) able to be adapted to the urban context;5) exist until the present day.The methodology applied to the analysis of the historical documents and Bangkok maps from 1887 to 1974, and the selection criteria developed from past research in another old commercial district of Bangkok were also reinvestigated with observational surveys. Ordinary restaurants and everyday foods are the outcomes representing the heritage of everyday life of ordinary people that are ubiquitously related to commercial activities.

Contradiction or Coordination: between Urbanization and Cultural Heritage Protection

Urbanization is an inevitable trend of the development of human civilization. In the process of urbanization, human have learned lessons from protecting and inheriting cultural heritage or damaging and destroying it, and also accumulated precious experience, fi nally formed a reasonable path to harmoniously deal with the relationship between urbanization and cultural heritage protection. Besides, the accomplishment has been incorporated into the cause of the symbiosis of cultural diversity and the construction of harmonious cities. China's contemporary urbanization has been developing rapidly, thus its cultural heritage protection is facing severe challenges. However, the relationship between urbanization and cultural heritage protection is not completely confl icting. Coordinative development between the two is increasingly becoming a social consensus. The win-win result of China's urbanization and cultural heritage protection will make its own contribution to the progress of world's urbanization and cultural heritage protection.

Urban Heritage in the Arabian Peninsula, the Experiences of Jeddah and Dubai

Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates feature ultra-modern cities with millions of residents that developed in opposition to the physical patterns of traditional historical settlements.In the past years,however,there has been a renewed attention to urban heritage and two metropolises,Jeddah and Dubai,have decided to aim for World Heritage status and to leverage historic city centres as engines of economic development and tools for the reinforcement of national identity.In Dubai,the conservation and reconstruction of historic neighbourhoods gives residents an urban historic depth previously unrecognised,favouring the integration of different ethnic communities while contributing to the tourist development of the Emirate.In Jeddah,the preservation and revitalisation of the historic centre is part of a larger strategy focusing on the reinforcement of the private sector to trigger new urban dynamics building upon its rich heritage.Recent strategies and plans are briefly discussed,underlining the specificities of the Arabian Peninsula context and its complex and evolving relationship with history and heritage.It is argued that the nominations for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List have been a catalyser for the definition of new planning and conservation policies integrating urban heritage into urban development strategies.

Synergies and Frictions between Mega-events and Local Urban Heritage

Increasingly,cities have turned to mega-events as part of strategies to secure much desired global recognition and attract future economic investment.These events have a broad range of physical effects on the city and can also introduce new concepts of the city.For historic cities,mega-events can potentially have a profound influence on the city’s urban heritage,both physically and how heritage comes to be understood and defined.Recent changing trends in mega-events could come to see them more closely integrated into the existing city fabric,making the potential impact of mega-events on built heritage more pronounced.One long-standing event embedded within the city fabric that serves as a noteworthy example is the European Capital of Culture(ECoC),operating for 30 years and travelling between more than 50 cities.The paper presents the European Capital of Cultures of Genoa 2004,Liverpool 2008 and Istanbul 2010 as three diverse cases with differing themes and roles for heritage in order to review the potential synergy or friction between events and heritage and calls for heritage actors to become more involved in these processes.

Repositioning Urban Heritage-Setting the Scene

International conventions,charters and recommendations tend to follow trends and are generally reactive to contemporary circumstances;the debates on urban heritage are no exception.These texts need to be read in the perspective of socio-economic and environmental considerations of their time together with their inter-dependence on other disciplines.The dramatic changes to our urban conurbations have included environmental degradation,the complexities of migrations and socio-economic transformations.Addressing these major concerns in managing urban heritage highlights the necessity for cross-disciplinarity in research and the need for adopting a more integrative attitude in the planning processes.Applying the General System Theory by the biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy brings a systematic,holistic methodology from the realms of modern science into extending the historic centre and the city with a territorial approach of the metropolis allowing for sustainable and resilient rural and urban linkages.This article brings together seven contributions on issues affecting the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape The potential of the digital revolution is in the capacity of recognizing the speed and rapidity of change,and the mega-data available as affecting our lives and environment together with the role of history,tradition and continuity in linking the past to the future.

Understanding Everyday Homes of Urban Communities： The Case of Local Streets （Hawari） of Old Cairo

This paper aims at investigating architectural and urban heritage from the sociocultural point of view, which stands on the human asset of traditional sites such as the hawari of old Cairo. It analyzes the social practice of everyday life in one of the oldest Cairene hawari, Haret al Darb al Asfar. The focus is on architectural and spatial organization of outdoor and indoor spaces that coordinate the spatial practices of local community. A daily monitoring of people＇s activities and interviews was conducted in an investigation of how local people perceive their built environment between the house＇s interior and the outdoor shared space. It emerges that people construct their own field of private spheres according to complex patterns of daily activities that are not in line with the classical segregation between private and public in Islamic cities. This paper reports that the harah is basically a construct of social spheres that are organized spatially by the flexible development of individual buildings over time and in response to changes in individuals＇ needs and capabilities. In order to achieve sustainability in old urban quarters, the paper concludes, the focus should be directed towards the local organization of activities and a comprehensive upgrading of deteriorating buildings to match the changing needs of current population.

A metamodel for heritage-based urban recovery

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential transfer of a metamodel for heritage-based urban development(HBUD)in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario.Design/methodology/approach:After an introduction to the feld of cultural heritage as a resource for urban development,the research question is elaborated,and the current understanding of urban heritage is explored.The use of the metamodel in a postcrisis urban recovery setting is described as a potential solution.The proposed metamodel is introduced along with the grounded theory and design research methodology through which it was developed.The specifc qualities of metamodels and how they can contribute to the proposed use are highlighted.The scenario is then developed further,and specifc ways in which the metamodel could contribute are elaborated.Finally,the metamodel is compared to other methods,such as the historic urban landscape(HUL)approach,and the limitations are discussed.Findings:The metamodel can potentially be used in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario.The metamodel cannot be used directly,owing to the nature of metamodels;however,it can be transferred to a specifc context and help to structure successful heritage-based urban recovery(HBUR)processes.Practical limitations/implications:One limitation is that it can be difcult to understand the diferences between models and metamodels.Only with a comprehensive understanding of the nature of metamodels can this metamodel be applied,for example,to select appropriate models for HBUR.The metamodel can help to ensure that all relevant‘elements’are part of the processes designed for HBUR and emphasise the need for thorough planning,or scoping,of such processes.Originality/value:Metamodelling has not previously been used for HBUD or HBUR.

Water Tower Home transformation:bottom-up urban regeneration through a reality TV show

The article examines Wutopia Lab’s transformation of the Water Tower Home(shuita zhijia,also know as‘House on the House’),a top-floor unit of a residential building converted from a water tower located in a Bulinli lilong neighbourhood in Shanghai.In 2015,the top-floor unit was transformed into a three-bedroom apartment,which was featured in a popular reality TV show Dream Home.Using the concept of‘raumplan’as the primary design strategy,the design deploys various heights and platforms to re-organise the internal space while largely maintaining the exterior appearance of the building.It deliberately avoided homogeneous visual control and accommodated the residents’complex functional requirements within a highly restricted space.The research scrutinises various actors’involvement during the production of the reality TV show and the transformation process.It highlights how the design team navigated the stakeholders’complex needs and the rigid yet ambiguous policy related to the regeneration of Shanghai’s unofficial urban heritage.By reflecting upon the various formal and informal design practices in this structure and its eventual demolition,the article illustrates the dilemmas in bottom-up regeneration of the historic urban environment in contemporary China.

Assessing the socio-cultural impact of urban revitalisation using Relative Positive Impact Index(RPII)

Urban heritage is a vital resource that connects communities to their local identity.Unplanned developments and rapid urbanisation often harm the authenticity of historic areas,disrupting the cultural fabric and altering their character.This study introduces the Relative Positive Impact Index(RPll),a novel technique for assessing the socio-cultural impacts of urban revitalisation.The significance of RPII lies in its ability to quantitatively evaluate the impacts on the cultural fabric and integrity of historic urban areas,which is crucial for sustainable urban development.The study's objective is to apply RPII in evaluating qualitative socio-cultural characteristics in historic urban areas,with a focus on four main criteria and 16 sub-criteria,in the case of the Kuttichira precinct.The methodology integrates the analysis of published literature,a quantitative survey mapping the stakeholders'perception,and qualitative insights.This approach facilitates an in-depth understanding of how urban revitalisation affects local socio-cultural dynamics,preserving the authenticity and character of historic areas.The study reveals that the revitalisation project in Kuttichira positively impacts the socio-cultural fabric of the area,maintaining cultural integrity and addressing social challenges.These findings offer valuable insights for sustainable urban development and policymaking in historic areas.The study recommends the application of RPll in other urban precincts for comparative analysis and further development of urban development practices,contributing to informed urban policy and planning decisions.

Territorial heritage gentrification in Abdali in Amman,Jordan

Having established itself as a heritage discourse,planetary gentrification is being studied in terms of how it operates in the Global South.This study focuses on the case of Abdali Amman,a significant mixed-use neighbourhood in Jordan that has experienced numerous mega-gentrification initiatives.According to Bourdieu’s theories of the state and dispositional practices,this study critically evaluates urban gentrification practices.In terms of gentrification governance,which takes place in two adjacent‘state’and‘civic’zones inside the Abdali district,this study analyses the interactions between transnational and state actors and the intragovernmental(state-municipality)governance system.Gentrification in Amman is connected to the revitalisation of historic sites,is a matter of urban governance,and operates from the transnational sphere along national and local lines.Furthermore,gentrification is caught in a desire/resistance paradox with calls for legitimacy and recognition.As a country in the Global South,Jordan has welcomed capitalist urbanisation.Gentrification is articulated within a flux between deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation,producing a form of‘heritage gentrification’in which history and national heritage are sacrificed through a process of satellite gentrification that is rooted in generative cultural transformation and governed by decentralised power structures.Introducing a Western blueprint of planetary gentrification through narrow gates into non-Western environments is a prevailing challenge.

Built Heritage Conservation and Contemporary Urban Development:The Contribution of Architectural Practice to the Challenges of Modernisation

An insight into the shared history of built heritage and urban development along the 20th century reveals different attempts to solve the dialectic conflict between conservation and modernisation from the discipline of architecture.This paper makes a review of the nature,aims and results of these attempts,highlighting the contributions to the discussion that originated from Italy between the 1950s and 1980s.It points to the challenges brought by the 1972 World Heritage Convention and the extent of social,economic and urban changes that have contributed to raise awareness about urban heritage in the present time.The article departs from a value-centred framework in order to describe current architectural,cultural,economic and social issues concerning the contribution of architecture and urban planning to heritage conservation in the age of globalization.This insight will delineate new conservation practices,strategies and methodologies,especially relating to the 2011 Historic Urban Landscape Recommendation and its declared goal for sustainable urban development.

Mapping the Past with Present Digital Tools:Historic Urban Landscape Research in Chinese City,Xi’an Walled City Area

In 2015,the Study of Xi’an Historic Walled City Regeneration Strategy applied the Historic Urban Land­scape(HUL)Approach through experimenting and testing digital technologies following recommended action steps of HUL Approach.Within the context of urbanisation and heritage deterioration happened past decades in Chinese cities,this paper proposes an innovative HUL Information System that can be used to integrate the ap­proach and technical support measures.This enables comprehensive identification of spatial-temporal relativity of urban landscape morphology,linking between the past and present.The use of spatial digital tools such as aerial photo modeling,geographic information system analysis,and space syntax is explored to trace the continuity of the historical landscape in the built environment.The research team uncovered the context of Xi’an’s cultural and his­torical landscape through historical literature and related studies over past decades,and summarised and obtained a spatial data set for the dominant historical landscape pattern of the walled city area.Compared with the existing spatial pattern identified by digital tools,the findings showed similarity with historical landscape patterns,including part of a fengshui landform,the 17^(th) to 19^(th) century water system,and an evolving community habitat.This could be explained by the literature and academic research,which demonstrates the influence of historic landscape system in urban evolution.This research aims to show the potential of the HUL Information System as a technical support for urban conservation in Chinese cities,particularly with regard to mapping resources,which is fundamental toward other relevant steps in the HUL approach.

The Way Forward with Historic Urban Landscape Approach Towards Sustainable Urban Development

The pace of urbanisation,with the increase in the number of metropolitan areas,has been paralleled with the heritage discourse of past generations that valorises monuments in isolation,and has pushed the ap­preciation of urban heritage to a grim corner in the face of development.Since the turn of the millennium there are international efforts to reverse this trend by placing culture and people-centred approaches into the heritage discourse in order to allow inclusive policies that see culture and cultural heritage as an asset and driving force for sustainable urban development.As one of such instruments,the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape,as an integrated management model,is considered in this article to have potentials to bridge existing divides to achieve sustainable urban development.With this belief,the paper looks into the future,with supporting arguments that come from discussions as a result of the WHITRAP International Expert Meeting on the Implemen­tation of the HUL approach which took place in 2018,Shanghai,China.

Heritage Today: The Art of Transforming What We Received from the Past

The paper aims at highlighting the new reality of urban and architectural heritage.It maintains that the current public claim for heritage protection radically diverges from the original endeavour of protecting national monuments.The significant expansion of heritage goods and the involvement of citizen movements in the decisions about them are two of the most visible aspects of this change.The paper suggests that a renovated idea of heritage is currently needed.This should take into consideration aspects such as its economic value and its connection to the quality of daily life.Defending that urban preservation has turned to be part of planning,the paper foregrounds some of the problems of keeping it as a separate legal and cultural domain.This is exemplified by Latin American reality and some specific cases from Chile.Finally it highlights the positive role of transformation and adaptation in the preservation of heritage.

Impact of legislative precision in the managgement of the Casbah

The historic centre of Algiers(Casbah)presents a state of severe decay.Laws and legislative measures have been promulgated in the past three decades to provide an adequate framework for the conservation of the old city.This paper investigates the law and subsequent legal instruments used in heritage management and the impact of legislative provisions on the management of the living historic centre of the Casbah of Algiers.Before the issuance of Algerian Law n'98-04 relating to the protection of cultural heritage,the role of the various entities managing the Casbah was rather unclear.This law provides more details about the structure of urban heritage management.Additionally,a new heritage protection tool came into existence(the PPSMvsS,i.e.,the Permanent Plan for Safeguarding and Enhancement of the Safeguarded Sector).Difficulties encountered in the field concerning the application of legislative tools caused considerable delays in preservation actions on the ground.This paper provides an analysis of the contradictions between text enforcement and conservation plans to understand the main reasons that led to the degradation of the historic area.Accordingly,the paper proposes a number of solutions to be implemented by the Algerian authorities.

Temporalities and the conservation of cultural relic protection units:legislative,economic and citizen times of the Bugaoli community in globalising Shanghai

Since the establishment of treaty ports in the mid-19th century,the urban development of many Chinese cities,and notably of Shanghai,has been heavily influenced by global economic flows and global urban and architectural practices.In Shanghai,extensive lilong neighbourhoods stand as remnants of the treaty port era.Many of these historic districts are in close proximity to rapidly transforming areas of the city,creating civic tension around demolition,conservation and the redevelopment of colonial heritage.Examining the listed Bugaoli community in Shanghai’s old French Concession,the heritage strategies applied under the particular Cultural Relics Protection System(CRPS),and the discourse of local residents interviewed in the context of this project,this paper reveals the paradoxes around urban heritage conservation and urban development by considering three different temporalities:legislative time,economic time and citizen time.The paper argues that actors involved in heritage practices should consider both space and time related issues in urban heritage conservation.Historic communities such as Bugaoli experience conflicts between conservation and the demands of everyday life.They underline and require a heritage strategy that acknowledges diverse temporalities and balances legal norms,economic interests and the public’s demands.