Patterns of Interactions of the Complex City System:Emotional Urban Objects as Triggering Agents-A Secondary Publication

This article presents an analysis of the patterns of interactions resulting from the positive and negative emotional events that occur in cities,considering them as complex systems.It explores,from the imaginaries,how certain urban objects can act as emotional agents and how these events affect the urban system as a whole.An adaptive complex systems perspective is used to analyze these patterns.The results show patterns in the processes and dynamics that occur in cities based on the objects that affect the emotions of the people who live there.These patterns depend on the characteristics of the emotional charge of urban objects,but they can be generalized in the following process:(1)immediate reaction by some individuals;(2)emotions are generated at the individual level which begins to generalize,permuting to a collective emotion;(3)a process of reflection is detonated in some individuals from the reading of collective emotions;(4)integration/significance in the community both at the individual and collective level,on the concepts,roles and/or functions that give rise to the process in the system.Therefore,it is clear that emotions play a significant role in the development of cities and these aspects should be considered in the design strategies of all kinds of projects for the city.Future extensions of this work could include a deeper analysis of specific emotional events in urban environments,as well as possible implications for urban policy and decision making.

URBANIZATION EFFECTS ON OBSERVED CHANGES IN SUMMER EXTREME HEAT EVENTS OVER ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, EAST CHINA

Although the urban heat island(UHI) is a well-documented phenomenon, relatively little information in the literature is available about its impact on summer extreme heat event(EHE). As UHI is characterized by increased temperature, it can potentially increase the magnitude and duration of EHEs within cities. Based on daily maximum temperature records from 62 observation stations in Zhejiang province from the period 1971-2011 and satellite-measured nighttime light imagery from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP) Operational Linescan System(OLS) during 1992-2010, we analyzed the long-term change of summer EHEs and its association with the rapid urbanization process. The results could be concluded as follows:(1) Zhejiang has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic growth in urban areas in the past two decades, especially after 2000.(2) The summer mean maximum temperature and the 95 th percentile of summer daily maximum temperature in most of its stations have increased, with the most significant increase occurring in the highly urbanized areas including the city belt around Hangzhou Bay, Taizhou-Wenzhou and Jinghua-Yiwu city belts.(3) The hot days and hot-day degrees, defined by both daily 95 th percentile and the threshold of 35℃, show that the UHI effect causes additional hot days and heat stress in urban stations compared to rural stations.The results in this study suggest that the UHI effect should be determined and incorporated in preparing high temperature forecasts in cities.

Impact of Big Events on Urban Renewal Based on Urban Catalyst Theory: A Case Study of 2016 Rio Summer Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo

With the acceleration of the process of economic globalization and information synchronization, every major event is accompanied by the simultaneous renewal of the city. In the era of urban development, the launch of major events is also for the renewal and development of the city. 2016 Rio Summer Olympics and 2010 Shanghai World Expo are taken as the research objects. Through the analysis of urban renewal from the perspective of the role of big event catalyst, it is verified that the big event catalyst has a positive impact on urban renewal, transportation, industrial transformation and other aspects. Moreover, it tries to combine the theory of urban catalyst to analyze its inspiration for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games, hoping to play a catalytic role in accelerating the urban renewal and transformation of Beijing and the reorganization of urban structure.

Logistic Regression Analysis on the Correlation between Physical Diseases and Life Events and Depression in the Elderly

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the effects of physical diseases and life events on depression among urban elderly people.[Methods]Five hundred urban elderly people in Shiyan City were selected using a convenient sampling method to investigate and diagnose depression using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule and its accompanying computer diagnostic system.The Minimum Data Set(MDS)and related factor survey form were used to investigate physical diseases and life events,and statistical analysis was conducted using methods such as logistic regression analysis and factor analysis.[Results]The prevalence rates of angina,stroke,or partial paralysis,migraine,vision problems,hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism,as well as the number of physical diseases were significantly higher in elderly depression patients than in objects free of depression.Stroke or partial paralysis[OR(95%CI)=6.389(1.684,24.237)],emotional trauma events[OR(95%CI)=1.438(1.069,1.934)]and adverse health and economic events[OR(95%CI)=1.652(1.099,2.483)]were risk factors for late life depression(LLD).[Conclusions]Some physical diseases and life events may affect the onset process of depression in urban elderly people,and various measures need to be taken to reduce the risk of physical diseases and life events on depression.

Impacts on Bats by a Supertyphoon vs.Ordinary Typhoons along a Habitat Urbanization Gradient

Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monitoring of bats along a habitat modification gradient on the island of Okinawa,Japan.During the observation period,the island experienced numerous typhoons and one supertyphoon.Native bat species remained active even at high wind speeds(up to 30 m/s in some cases).Milder typhoons had no observable effect on bat populations,with activity levels fully recovering within a few hours or days.The super typhoon also did not seem to affect bats in fully or partially forested habitats but caused their local disappearance at the urban site,which they have not re-colonized three years after the event.Notably,bats that disappeared at the urban site were species roosting in well-protected places such as caves and concrete structures.In all cases,the biomass of small flying insects and the acoustic activity of insects recovered within days after extreme weather events.Thus,the striking difference between habitats in supertyphoon effects on bats cannot be explained by the super typhoon directly killing bats,destroying their roosting sites,or decreasing the abundance of their prey.The results underscore the importance of preserving natural habitats in areas particularly affected by changing climate and show that the survival of species and ecosystems during the numerous episodes of climate change in the Earth’s history does not necessarily mean their ability to survive the accelerating climate change of our time.

城市轨道交通列车加开计划编制模型研究

本文主要研究城市轨道交通在计划编制阶段由于客流不均衡需要在初始运行图加开列车的问题,在确保列车运行安全降低运营成本的前提下合理地加开列车实现运输能力的灵活配置。将列车运行过程形式化描述为事件-活动网络,构建了分时段多目标优化列车加开计划编制模型,提出了启发式决策规则与禁忌搜索算法相结合的两阶段求解算法。结合地铁运行实际数据,在高峰时段和平峰时段分别构建不同算例场景,验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。

文化再生语境下事件性更新的空间选址策略研究

文化大事件已经被西方城市广泛接受作为推动城市更新与可持续发展的重要工具,中国在实践层面跟上了新发展态势。学术领域虽认知文化大事件对城市文化、经济、社会影响深远,但对事件性更新的目标建构与策略选择缺乏深入探讨,尤其对加深事件性更新效能的关键——空间选址尚缺乏系统性梳理。文章在理清文化、事件与城市更新三者理论关系的基础上,以全球知名文化大事件的空间选址实证为基础,围绕文化更新中的宏观区位要素、中观文化产业要素、微观场地要素来归纳文化大事件在不同尺度层级中的选址策略。

文化话语视角下城市节会的全球传播策略研究——以中国杭州节会为例

城市节会是一个城市全球传播的重要场所和途径,但鲜有研究关注城市节会的话语实践,或从话语角度审视城市节会的全球传播策略。本文以文化话语研究为框架,聚焦杭州节会(西湖国际博览会、世界休闲博览会),从话语要素出发分析其作为城市节会的鲜明特点,以及近年来遇到的困境,并提出城市节会全球传播的话语策略,以期为包括杭州节会在内的中国城市节会提出国际传播策略建议。

职工基本养老保险统筹层次:政策变迁与扩散机制

全面审视职工基本养老保险统筹层次不断提高的历史进程有利于真正意义上全国统筹的实现。职工基本养老保险统筹层次变迁历程具有诱致性制度变迁与强制性制度变迁相结合的特征,变迁轨迹呈渐进式、强制性和阶梯状。在总结其变迁特征的基础上,采用事件史分析法实证分析了职工基本养老保险统筹层次政策的扩散过程。研究发现:第一,省长来自异地对于职工基本养老保险省级统收统支政策的采纳创新具有显著负向影响,并从政策属性的角度对其作出了解释。第二,在职工基本养老保险统筹层次提升进程中,区域内部因素发挥诱致性作用。邻近省份采纳省级统收统支政策的比例和中央信号的释放将显著加速政策的落地过程。这证实了职工基本养老保险统筹层次变迁历程以强制性制度变迁为主,并兼具诱致性制度变迁的特征。基于职工基本养老保险省级统收统支政策的扩散机制,提出全国统筹可以从充分考虑区域内部特征和激发地方官员的内生动力等方面促进全国统收统支政策落地。

“亚运杭州”的赛事文化遗产与城市发展路径研究

本文从梳理杭州的传统文化遗产入手,将“亚运杭州”的赛事文化遗产纳入其中,指出文化遗产的提炼及其纪念空间的生产,对于杭州城市发展的重要意义。在内容上,既具体分析了“亚运杭州”的符号文化遗产、场馆文化遗产和数字文化遗产的表现,也具体解释了纪念空间在城市文化线路更新和城市公共空间更新的形式。最后,本文从纪念身份的活化、纪念建筑的活化、纪念场所的活化和纪念活动的活化四个方面设计了遗产保护利用与城市更新发展的主要路径。

华北平原及沿山和沿海五个城市夏季短历时降水过程的日变化分析

利用华北平原294个国家级气象站1980—2022年夏季(6—8月)逐时降水资料,分析了华北平原夏季短历时降水过程的日变化时、空分布特征,结合地面气温和风的日变化,综合分析了4个沿山城市(北京、石家庄、济南、郑州)和1个沿海城市(天津)在城市发展前期(1980—1989年)和后期(2013—2022年)短历时降水过程日变化特征及差异。结果表明:华北平原短历时降水过程整体呈现傍晚单峰的日变化特征;平原站点的达峰时间自东南向西北推后。5个主要城市在城市发展后期,短历时降水过程的日振幅都出现不同程度的减小;沿山城市短历时降水过程日峰值出现时间提前了1—2 h,而沿海城市天津无明显峰值时间,且高值时段提前;沿山城市50 mm以上短历时降水过程概率均有所升高,其中北京和石家庄40 mm以上的降水过程概率分别升高了2倍和5倍,而沿海城市天津40 mm以上的降水过程概率下降了43%。华北平原短历时降水过程的日变化与局地地形的热、动力作用和地面盛行风有关。城市局地增温效应导致沿山、沿海城市与周围地形热力差异更加明显,增强了沿山城市的山风和沿海城市的海风;同时,城市增温导致城市午后地面风辐合增强。近地面层上述热力差异变化导致的风场变化可能是沿山城市短历时降水过程日峰值提前、沿海城市短历时降水过程集中时段变为白天的重要原因。

考虑快慢车的城轨跨线运营开行方案与时刻表优化

跨线运营是城市轨道交通网络化运营的重要方向,跨线与快慢车组合运营可降低乘客出行时间。本文考虑跨线与快慢车组合模式,构建事件活动图刻画列车运行和乘客出行过程;考虑列车安全运行间隔和列车载客能力等约束,建立以乘客出行时间和列车走行成本最小化为目标的开行方案与时刻表综合优化模型,决策列车运行交路、停站方案、开行频率及各车次在各站的到发时刻;并针对综合优化模型,设计定制的变邻域搜索算法。案例结果表明,在组合模式下,列车走行成本增加了3%,换乘人次降低了82.5%,总乘客和跨线乘客的平均出行时间分别减少了1.3 min和5.3 min,乘客出行效益有明显提升;跨线与快慢车组合模式小幅增加了无需换乘乘客的出行时间,但大幅降低了跨线乘客的出行时间;换乘站换乘走行时间越长,宜开行的跨线列车频率越大,跨线运营降低乘客出行时间的效果越显著。

城市不同下垫面降雨径流水质监测及特征研究

城市面源污染是仅次于农业面源污染的第二大非点源污染,也是影响城市水生态系统健康的重要原因。随着城市化的快速发展,下垫面改变导致城市河流洪峰增大,河流污染加剧。基于沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地四种典型城市下垫面的5场降雨径流监测试验资料,分析了不同下垫面条件下的降雨径流污染水平、径流水质变化特征和初始冲刷效应。结果表明:(1)4种下垫面的降雨径流总氮质量浓度均属于劣Ⅴ类水;四种下垫面的总磷污染程度相对较轻,沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地的降雨径流总磷质量浓度优于Ⅳ类水的频率分别为80%、16%、88.46%和5.56%;沥青屋面、砖砌路面、油毡屋面和绿地的降雨径流总悬浮物质量浓度分布范围分别是7~798、15~569、10~871和44~378 mg/L。(2)总氮和总磷的径流污染水平排序为:砖砌路面>绿地>沥青屋面>油毡屋面;总悬浮物的径流污染水平排序为:绿地>砖砌路面>油毡屋面>沥青屋面。(3)中雨情景下各下垫面不同污染指标变化趋势差异较大,而小雨情景下受人为活动影响较大的下垫面的各污染指标浓度较高。(4)各下垫面污染物的初始冲刷强度排序均为:总悬浮物>总磷>总氮;各下垫面的初始冲刷强度排序为:沥青屋面>油毡屋面>砖砌路面>绿地。(5)沥青屋面和油毡屋面降雨径流中的总悬浮物和总磷具有较好的同源性,而砖砌路面降雨径流中的总磷与总氮和总悬浮物都具有较好的同源性。综合而言,各下垫面总氮和总悬浮物的场次降雨径流平均浓度远超于地表水Ⅴ类水质标准,会对城市水体造成污染,可根据不同下垫面的特点采取相应措施来降低污染物浓度。

Characteristics of Hg pollution in urban stormwater runoff in Nanjing city, China

In order to assess the mercury Hg pollution in urban stormwater runoff in Nanjing 11 rainfall events in the Maqun region of Nanjing circle expressway were monitored and the events mean concentrations EMC of Hg and the impact of rainfall characteristics on Hg pollution in runoff were analyzed.Results show that the pollution of different Hg species is serious and total Hg THg dissolved Hg HgD and particulate Hg HgP are found to be in the range of 0.173 to 3.347 0.069 to 0.862 and 0.104 to 2.485μg/L respectively.The average EMC value of THg exceeds the Ⅴ class limitation value of Quality standards of surface water environment GB 3838-2002 of China. Hg in runoff mainly exists in particulate form and the concentrations of Hgre 0.250 to 2.821 μg/L are far more than those of Hg0 0.023 to 0.215 μg/L and Hg2＋ 0.026 to 0.359 μg/L . The order of rainfall characteristics impacting on Hg pollution in runoff is dry periods 〉runoff time〉duration of rainfall〉storm intensity〉rainfall.

湿润地区暴雨特征对城市化响应研究

人类活动使得暴雨发生频率和强度增加,暴雨特征发生显著改变。厘清城市化对暴雨特征的影响对城市防洪减灾具有重要意义。以中国广东省广州市为例,利用处于不同行政区的11个雨量站点在2006—2019年期间收集到的逐15min降水数据,识别场次暴雨;从暴雨雨量、日数、雨强、次数、雨型、雨峰占比和雨峰系数7个方面,分析湿润地区暴雨特征对城市化的响应表现。结果表明:(1)城市化率较高区的暴雨雨量、日数、强度和次数均高于城市化率较低区,暴雨次数在时序变异性上则相反;(2)城市化对暴雨雨型无显著性影响,广州市各区雨型占比差异不大,且暴雨大多为单峰型,占比约63%;(3)暴雨雨峰占比对城市化响应不明显,其与降雨历时呈负相关关系,短历时暴雨特征由峰值雨量主导,而长历时和超长历时的暴雨事件中的持续时间是影响雨量的主要因素;(4)广州短历时和超长历时暴雨雨峰系数受城市化影响显著,城市化率较高区明显高于城市化率较低区;此外,广州暴雨雨型大多为前期集中型单峰暴雨,但城市化率较高区的超长历时暴雨大多偏后期集中型,需要特别注意。

基于深度多视图网络的政务事件分拨方法

12345政务服务便民热线是由各地市政府设立的专门受理热线事项的公共服务平台。随着政府信息化进程的推进,12345热线作为市民与政府交流纽带的重要性大大提高,并对事件处置的效率提出了更高的要求。针对传统事件分拨方法主要依赖于分拨人员人工操作、速度较慢、准确率不高,且需要消耗大量人力资源的问题,文中提出了一种基于深度多视图网络的政务事件分拨方法。首先,通过自监督学习训练带权重的图卷积神经网络,从历史记录中抽取事件归口-分拨部门的分拨行为特征作为事件的归口视图。其次,使用经过政务领域语料微调的BERT模型,提取事件描述与事件标题的语义特征,得到事件的语义视图。然后,使用基于交叉注意力机制的残差网络,将事件的两种视图融合,得到事件的融合表征。最后,将融合表征输入分类器,得到事件分拨的结果。在南通市12345热线的数据集上进行实验,结果表明,所提方法在各项指标上均优于其他基线方法,能够有效提高事件分拨的效率。

长江流域丘陵与平原城镇降雨径流污染特征对比分析

随着城市化进程的加速,长江流域降雨径流导致的城镇面源污染问题日益凸显。在长江流域丘陵城镇重庆永川区和平原城镇常州金坛区分别选取部分老城区和部分新城区作为研究区域,监测4个研究区域降雨径流的水质和水量,采用场次降雨径流平均浓度(EMC)和综合径流系数法计算各下垫面降雨径流污染物平均浓度和污染负荷,采用b(初期冲刷系数)参数法分析降雨径流初期冲刷效应。结果表明:1)SS、COD、TP、NH3-N和TN的EMC主要受地形、降雨特征及前期干旱天数影响,丘陵城镇中交通道路SS和COD的EMC分别是其他下垫面的1.10~7.05和0.86~8.98倍,平原城镇中交通道路SS和COD的EMC分别是其他下垫面的1.01~3.70和1.07~6.70倍;2)丘陵城镇降雨径流初期冲刷效应强于平原城镇,且SS和COD的初期冲刷强度较高,b的范围分别为0.25~1.20和0.50~1.28;3)丘陵城镇各下垫面污染负荷平均输出系数大于平原城镇,丘陵城镇老城区各指标污染负荷平均输出系数为平原城镇的0.37~16.13倍,丘陵城镇新城区各指标污染负荷平均输出系数为平原城镇新城区的0.38~7.11倍。研究揭示了长江流域丘陵和平原城镇降雨径流污染特征,可为这两类城镇降雨径流污染控制提供参考。

奥运会作为城市交往的媒介:体育赛事融入生产、生活和生态的巴黎实践

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