Uncertainty evaluation of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy in Changsha city

The coordinated development of human settlement environment and economy is of vital significance to urban sustainable development and urban ecosystem health. Urban human settlement and economic systems exist in urban ecosystems, which are a structural complexity. Therefore the research is being challenged by some uncertain factors between human settlements and economic systems. However most of the researches were focused on its determinate objective aspects and qualitative analyses while less concern on the quanti- tative evaluation of coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy, especially little on its uncertain aspect. At present, the urgent task is to study the coordinated development of urban settlement environment and economy in terms of the effect of uncertainty. This study analyzed the uncertain characteristics, which would be confronted at different stages, such as confirming the index categories, their bound values, and their construction rate, etc. According to the actual urban conditions, many construction principles based on uncertainties are put forward and an indicating system for human settlement and economic evaluation is established. Moreover, the application of fuzzy mathematics presents a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of the coordinated development of urban human settlement environment and economy. The application of the method and model in Changsha city of China showed that the assessment results can reflect not only the overall coordination degree of the city, but also the mode of interactive mechanism between urban economic system and human settlement environment.

ON THE RELATION BETWEEN THE EVOLUTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN SETTLEMENT——Take the Lanzhou Valley Basin as An Examples

Lanzhou Valley Basin is composed of two smaller diamond-shaped basins striking from NW to SE and including 6 river terraces. The lower terraces remaining even and smooth are main sites for city buildings. The main function of Lanzhou urban settlement is a ferry and transport centre. Lanzhou used to be an im-portant crossing site and post on the 'silk road',and then became a transport and trade centre in Northwest China. In the middle part of the 17th century, Lanzhou became the capital of Gansu,a new province. The development process of Lanzhou urban settlement indicates that urban settlement is a system consisting of natural environment and human society based on the former.

Issues and policies on China's sustainable human settlement

勃睮t is one of the major tasks to achieve sustainable human settlement for China's socioeconomic development within the coming century The sustainable development of human settlements is closely related to the development of the economy, the utilization of natural resources and environmental protection As a developing country China is facing a series of issues to achieve the sustainable human settlement, which should be rationally laid out with comprehensive facilities convenient for working and living, and which have clean, quiet and comfortable environments The policy of reform and opening to the outside world have accelerated national social and economic development and promoted urban development in China The rural population is continuously flowing into the cities and towns in increasing numbers Therefore, it is necessary not only to continue to improve the housing standards for the current urban population, but also to meet the needs of the newcomers The movement of great numbers of people and the increased circulation off goods and materials, combined with an increase in the number of motor vehicles, has meant that traffic problems are becoming a major issue in the development of human settlements The infrastructure is under pressures from the growth in urban population and from rising production and living standards The shortage of natural resources is another challenge to be faced in developing human settlements in China A low technological level and the improper use of resources has aggravated the severity of the problem In cities, the amount of land currently being used for industrial purposes is relatively high as compared with other land uses Approximately 70 percent of industries are located in the cities and in many areas, factories and housing are intermixed, a major factor affecting the environment of urban residential areas The taking up of arable land by the village and township enterprises is another serious problem Settlements in towns and villages are also under the threat from various types of environmental pollution This paper is trying to summarise and identify the major issues, to promote the possible polices and strategies, and to argue the requirements and activities of sciences and technology for achieving China's sustainable human settlement

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for "Village-in-City"

The construction of human settlement environment is one of the important contents in the domain of sustainable development. We try to annotate human settlement environment for "village- in-city" from the angle of fringe view. According to the macro-system thought of human settlement environment science, the evolvement, which can be generalized into four phases, connotation and problems (including social, economic, and environmental problems) of "village-in-city" are discussed primarily in this paper. Some domestic and international researches and practices are also summarized and assessed in the paper. Based on the analysis, some appropriate clues and suggestions for the construction of "village-in-city" have been put forward.

The Research on Determinants of Moving Labors’ Settlement in Urban Area

Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the migration of moving labor and the explanation of becoming permanent urban residents,this research takes migration mode(migration) as the dependent variable,sex(sex) ,age(age) ,monthly income(income) ,education degree(edu) ,working experiences(exp) ,social relation(relation) ,and social security(security) as the independent variables.According to the investigation of China Agricultural University in the year 2009,Logistic Binary Choice Model is used to construct the corresponding econometric model and to measure the effects of influencing factors on the selection of migration mode.Result shows that education degree,personal ability,social relation,and social security are the major influencing factors determining the peasant households becoming permanent urban residents;and human capital and social security construction are of great significance to the improvement of farmers’ income and life quality.

人居环境视野下城市更新片区开发模式探究

城市更新片区开发是我国目前城市化进程转型的重要举措。研究从人居环境的理论层面出发,思考了城市更新片区开发的相关因素,分析了片区开发规划设计的“点、线、面”的具体操作,探讨了其运作模式及城市更新政策层面的一些具体模式,进而结合我院承揽的西安灞桥区及河北沧州城市更新项目,对城市更新片区开发模式进行了相关研究,对TOD模式、POR公共资源导向型模式、产城融合型模式以及旅游资源型模式进行总结,对同类项目有一定借鉴意义。

新型城镇化背景下乡村人居环境治理策略研究——以河南省信阳市为例

改善人居环境,建设美好的居住环境是新型城镇化建设的关键。本文以信阳市为例,分析了其新型城镇化的现状和人居环境建设实践,并提出加强政府的顶层设计、推进乡村基础设施建设、推动城乡融合发展、建设宜居宜业和美乡村,坚持贯彻绿色发展理念等新型城镇化背景下信阳乡村人居环境治理的措施,希望为相关部门提供参考。

中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力

本文在构建旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调理论框架的基础上,运用耦合协调模型、空间引力模型、地理探测器等方法,实证分析2005-2019年中国西部旅游城镇化与人居环境的时空耦合协调性及驱动力。结果表明:①旅游城镇化与人居环境综合指数均值呈上升态势,旅游城镇化发展水平增速快于人居环境,但人居环境指数整体高于旅游城镇化。②旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度的中级协调区域居多,2017年以后演变为高级协调,耦合协调类型逐渐由旅游产业滞后型向同步发展型转变。③旅游城镇化与人居环境耦合协调度空间趋势极不均衡,空间联系强度呈现出以宁夏–陕西–重庆–贵州为主轴的链状式空间关联格局。④耦合协调度差异是不同驱动因素共同作用的结果,国际旅游收入是主导性驱动,人均社会固定资产投资是根本性驱动,A级景区数量是原生性驱动,其中国际旅游收入与A级景区的交互影响作用解释力最强。

局地气候分区视角下城市气候与人居环境研究进展

城市气候与人居环境交互影响。局地气候分区(Local Climate Zone, LCZ)推动了城市形态刻画与气候演变规律探索,为城市气候与人居环境研究提供了统一框架。学术界对其研究大多聚焦在城市热环境和气候风险方面,正在向多要素气候模拟和考虑社会经济因素方向发展。审查了主题、方法和主要结论,发现“局地气候分区”、“城市热岛”、“地表温度”、“管理”和“社区”出现频率最高。采用文献计量和专题分析方法,梳理并总结了2012—2023年6月LCZ城市气候与人居环境研究在LCZ制图、相互作用和适应性策略三方面的进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。结果表明,(1)全球已在超过280座城市开展了LCZ研究,LCZ全球数据集的推广扩大了研究尺度且丰富了研究内容;(2)大多研究分析了风热环境为主的气候要素在局地尺度上的时空特征,探讨产生异质性的原因及其对人居环境的作用机理,揭示了城市蓝绿空间对于优化冷却效果、防范和治理热源等缓解性策略的重要性。其中自2018年起LCZ热环境研究向多元化发展,研究区域开始出现大都市圈或城市群;(3) LCZ能够辅助识别人居环境中高度暴露和脆弱的地区,近年来的研究趋向于在气候/生态风险评估中寻找适应性策略,且更加关注易感人群和低收入者。综述将有利于LCZ框架下城市气候与人居环境研究现状和发展趋势的宏观把握,为后续研究提供思路。

天山北坡城市群人居环境适宜性评价

基于人居环境自然和人文综合要素,构建了人居环境综合适宜性指数(HSCI),以天山北坡城市群为研究区,分析其2022年的空间分异规律。结果表明:(1)天山北坡城市群自然环境的空间适宜性受地形起伏度和温湿指数影响显著,整体为一般适宜区集中连片分布、高度适宜区零星分布在天山北坡山麓地带的绿洲。其中胡杨河市和乌鲁木齐县的自然环境适宜性最好;(2)人文环境的空间适宜性受夜间灯光指数和基础服务指数的影响较大,整体形成以乌鲁木齐市和石河子市为中心的“双核”空间特征,并有向周围递减的趋势;(3)天山北坡城市群人居环境综合适宜性指数最好的地方人口分布最多,充分体现了乌鲁木齐市作为区域极核的地位;(4)人居环境适宜性指数与天山北坡城市群的人口、经济和土地匹配程度不足。高质量和较高质量区土地面积仅占总量的2.62%,经济则占总量的54.69%,人口高达总量的59.06%。说明天山北坡城市群地区人口与经济在适宜性方面具有高度匹配性,但人居适宜性指数较高的土地存在过度集中和利用的情况。

城镇开发边界划定智慧技术集成研究——基于人居环境科学视角

城镇开发边界是空间增长底线的管控工具,与人类活动和人居环境建设密切相关。科学划定城镇开发边界需要人居环境科学和智慧技术有机结合。现有对城镇开发边界划定技术背后的理论支撑研究不足,对人居环境全系统尤其是人的因素关注不够,同时各类技术探索相对碎片化,缺乏对边界划定全流程技术的整合与集成应用。本文以人居环境科学为理论内核,从人的需求、人居环境的系统性和复杂性出发,提出系统耦合“双评价”、系统动力学模型、城镇开发潜力评价模型及多情景地理模拟等关键技术的城镇开发边界划定的智慧技术集成框架,科学支撑城镇发展需求预测、国土空间格局研判和城镇用地布局调控,为城镇开发边界划定和国土空间格局优化提供有益借鉴。

城市居民日常活动与环境供需匹配特征及影响关系研究

城市居民日常活动与环境供需关系与城市生活品质息息相关。在新旧供需矛盾交织叠加,城市治理新理念、技术迅速发展的背景下,其匹配特征及影响关系需要并可以进一步理清。借鉴时空间行为及流空间理论搭建日常活动与环境供需理论框架及指标体系,并依托地理大数据支撑,基于ANP-CV主客观赋权法、随机森林非线性回归模型等技术手段,以南京市中心城区为例进行实证分析。研究发现,日常活动与环境供需匹配关系呈现以“中心—外围”为主,“圈层递变”为辅的复合型空间结构,极化特征较显著。日常活动与环境供需相互影响作用表现为不对称、不持续的非线性特征。具体地,日常活动更受活动环境塑造,又以支撑生计和多元包容的社会环境起主要作用,同时供需之间往往不具有持续的相互促进作用。因此,应促进日常活动与环境供需双向良性互动,提高供需网络要素集聚与扩散效益,根据日常活动与环境供需演进的阶段性,灵活选择多样路径,以促进供需关系的高质量可持续发展。

URBAN PLANNING:A TOOL FOR URBAN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN SUDAN

In the past few dacades, urbanization and urban growth have been increasing rapidly in many of the developing countries. It is expected that over 50% of the world population will live in cities in 2005. The growing trend indicates that as many as one fifth of all households still remain with housing tenure problems, which they try to solve through very expensive rentals, insecurity, socially and environmentally-hazardous squatting or unhealthy overcrowding, sometimes ending up with none at all. And hence, proper planning is necessary in urban development policies to improve human settlement managements in a sustainable way. This article has tried to handle urban poverty in the Sudan to a reasonable level of detail. It dealt with selected areas with regard to promotion of sustainable human settlement. The study managed to identity some recent progress in Sudanese human settlements, that is, however, still accompanied by numerous serious instances of decline in the urban environment, especially that of the greater Khartoum.Such instances of environmental deterioration are profiled and analyzed by the study with respect to all human settlement aspects of management, land-use, infrastructure, energy and transport. The paper's conclusion emphasized that improving all these aspects is of high priority.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

实施城市更新行动营造高品质空间

面对日益复杂的城市问题,城市亟需加速转变发展方式与理念。实施城市更新行动,把城市作为一个有机生命体,以实现自我健康更新与可持续发展为目标,营造高品质空间,提升人居环境质量。立足当前国家城镇化发展新阶段与城市空间面临的现实困境,指出城市更新是时代发展的必然要求,并通过政策解读、理论剖析,提出了以城市更新行动为总纲,营造高品质空间。通过聚焦城镇老旧小区、历史文化空间、公共空间、老工业区等四类重点空间,结合实践案例提出高品质空间的营造路径与具体策略。

“三生空间”视角下城市人居环境质量时空演变及障碍因子诊断——以河北省为例

提高城市人居环境质量是促进城市可持续发展、提升民众生活幸福感的重要基础和手段。本文利用2010—2020年河北省11地市面板数据,从“三生空间”视角构建评价指标体系并采用熵权TOPSIS法对城市人居环境质量进行测算,并综合运用标准差椭圆分析、变异系数和障碍因子诊断模型探讨城市人居环境质量的时空演变特征并诊断其障碍因子。结果发现:(1)研究时段内城市人居环境质量整体呈上升趋势,各地市间差距逐渐缩小,呈现以石家庄、唐山和廊坊3市为主的高质量核心区域,以沧州、邯郸、保定、张家口、承德和秦皇岛6市为主的过渡区域,以邢台,衡水3市为主的低质量边缘区域。(2)在空间上呈“核心集聚,局部连片”的分布格局,整体表现为冀中>冀北>冀南的空间格局。(3)各地市间城市人居环境质量差距不断缩小,其中高水平区域内部差异明显缩小,中等区域内部差异呈现波动上升变化,而低水平区域内部差异则基本保持稳定。(4)影响河北省城市人居环境质量的主要障碍因子为人均GDP、GDP年增长率、城镇居民人均消费支出、PM2.5浓度、污水处理率。

区域人居单元的概念、机制与特征

中国传统人居环境具有城乡连续一体的特征,表现为“城镇—乡村—田野”的连续空间谱系。中国在经历了城乡二元发展之后,进入了“城乡中国”的区域一体化阶段。面向区域城市化的外部趋势,基于“城乡中国”的本土背景,提出“区域人居单元”概念,从文化地理学视角分析区域人居单元的驱动因子和形成机制,围绕单元系统、单元区划、风貌特色,揭示区域人居单元的基本特征,该概念可以为区域国土空间设计明确具体的实践对象,在区域尺度上为解决“千城一面”问题提供思路。

城市人体热舒适性评价的研究进展与展望

快速城镇化和气候变化导致显著的城市热岛效应,成为城市规划和设计必须考虑和缓解的重要生态环境问题。过去几十年,许多学者已经研究发明了许多热指数,用于户外热环境的模拟,进而评价人体对户外热感知情况。通过综述有关户外热环境的研究文献,归纳了目前户外热环境研究中常用的热指数及其常见计算平台,分析其使用范围和优缺点,总结未来发展方向。结果发现,当前人体热舒适性评价在指数原理、数据来源、计算技术方面存在限制;总结未来的研究趋势,包括户外热舒适性研究的新技术需求、多源数据的综合使用、长时间序列人体热指数时空分析、城市热舒适性与景观规划结合等。

基于GIS的天山北坡城市群人居环境自然适宜性评价

以GIS为平台,使用5 km×5 km栅格单元为基本单位,选择土地覆被、地形起伏度、气候适宜度、水文条件以及土地沙化适宜度等自然因子结合社会经济数据,对天山北坡不同地区的人居环境适宜性进行探讨,揭示了天山北坡人居环境自然适宜性的空间分布格局,并进一步探讨其形成的原因。结果表明:天山北坡城市群的人居环境指数(HEI)介于10.72—80.19之间,地形起伏度、水文条件以及土地沙化适宜度为天山北坡城市群人居环境自然适宜性空间分布差异的主要限制因素,人居环境自然适宜性整体呈现“屋脊式”空间结构特征,具体表现为以乌鲁木齐市-奎屯市为中轴线逐渐向两侧递减的态势,并出现以石河子市、奎屯市为“双核心式”的空间差异特征。其中一般适宜区域分布面积最广,占天山北坡城市群总面积的39.79%;比较适宜区次之,占25.2%,分布着研究区43.87%的人口;然后是临界适宜区,占18%;不适宜区域占研究区总面积10.8%;高度适宜区最小,仅为研究区总面积的6.19%。

旅游业与城市人居环境协调发展及影响因素研究——基于省会城市的面板数据

随着城市居民与旅游者休闲需求的转变,城市作为承载旅游活动的主体空间,旅游发展与城市人居环境的协调发展受到广泛关注。以我国30个省会城市为研究对象,运用熵值法、耦合协调分析和面板回归模型,构建旅游业与城市人居环境评价指标体系,对两个系统的协调度及影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明,(1)旅游发展水平与城市人居环境发展趋势具有相似性,各个城市的发展水平差异较大。(2)两个系统的协调度处于稳定发展阶段,北上广和东南沿海省区基本属于勉强协调型和良好协调型之间,中部、东北地区和西北地区大多处于中度失调和濒临失调型之间。(3)旅游发展水平、城市规模、接待能力、游憩资源以及城市流动性是影响旅游发展与城市人居环境协调度的重要因素。