This paper discusses the validity of the urban interface dichotomy in the urban planning and scientific literature by means of a new approach and proposes a new model. Although the concept of “Urban Interface” (UI) ...This paper discusses the validity of the urban interface dichotomy in the urban planning and scientific literature by means of a new approach and proposes a new model. Although the concept of “Urban Interface” (UI) is discussed widely in the context of urban-rural and/or natural-artificial environment, UI has been used in the computer and communication disciplines, as well as in economy, geography, regional planning, city planning and architecture. UI has also been used in relation to electronic traffic control systems in urban transportation. UI between buildings and city is a relatively new issue in the literature. UI is defined with variant paradigms since the phenomenon is uncertain. This article reports on the use of fuzzy logic to create a kind of expert system for evaluating architectural elements in the context of UI. Fuzzy is the mathematical models of verbal expression on the area of specialization. This study is useful because this study shows a way to transform non-intuitive and precise concepts to the measurable and accurate results into a model. In order to create a model, the definition of UI in literature is evaluated and according to this evaluation a definition in terms of architecture is determined. The model of this new definition is created with using fuzzy logic using the Fuzzy Tec software. The predictions and experiences of a designer are represented in the model, which has been designed to behave like an expert person. Therefore, it has been shown that the definition of “expert system” can be added to architectural software. Lastly, a model that can give a fuzzy logic system for determining the quality of Urban Interface with sixteen parameters has been presented to the scientific field.展开更多
Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accu...Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire suppression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban development of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscapes. These increased demands have put substantial pressure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and expand the century old policy of aggressive wildfire suppression. However, aggressive wildfire suppression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be suppressed. In this paper we discuss the positive feedback loops that lead to demands for increasing suppression response while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Despite a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management paradigm pressure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management practice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire policy provides considerable discretion for managers to pursue a range of management objectives however, societal expectations and existing management incentive structures result in policy implementation that is straining the resilience of fire adapted ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses the validity of the urban interface dichotomy in the urban planning and scientific literature by means of a new approach and proposes a new model. Although the concept of “Urban Interface” (UI) is discussed widely in the context of urban-rural and/or natural-artificial environment, UI has been used in the computer and communication disciplines, as well as in economy, geography, regional planning, city planning and architecture. UI has also been used in relation to electronic traffic control systems in urban transportation. UI between buildings and city is a relatively new issue in the literature. UI is defined with variant paradigms since the phenomenon is uncertain. This article reports on the use of fuzzy logic to create a kind of expert system for evaluating architectural elements in the context of UI. Fuzzy is the mathematical models of verbal expression on the area of specialization. This study is useful because this study shows a way to transform non-intuitive and precise concepts to the measurable and accurate results into a model. In order to create a model, the definition of UI in literature is evaluated and according to this evaluation a definition in terms of architecture is determined. The model of this new definition is created with using fuzzy logic using the Fuzzy Tec software. The predictions and experiences of a designer are represented in the model, which has been designed to behave like an expert person. Therefore, it has been shown that the definition of “expert system” can be added to architectural software. Lastly, a model that can give a fuzzy logic system for determining the quality of Urban Interface with sixteen parameters has been presented to the scientific field.
文摘Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire suppression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban development of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscapes. These increased demands have put substantial pressure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and expand the century old policy of aggressive wildfire suppression. However, aggressive wildfire suppression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be suppressed. In this paper we discuss the positive feedback loops that lead to demands for increasing suppression response while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Despite a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management paradigm pressure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management practice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire policy provides considerable discretion for managers to pursue a range of management objectives however, societal expectations and existing management incentive structures result in policy implementation that is straining the resilience of fire adapted ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.
