Grid System Analysis of Urban Flora of Bukhara City (Uzbekistan)

This article presents information on the study of the flora of Uzbekistan based on grid system mapping. The urban flora of the city of Bukhara was researched in it. As a result of research, the territory of Bukhara city was divided into 85 indexes based on 1 × 1 km2 grid mapping system. The diversity and density of species in the indexes are determined. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the diversity of species in the indexes is determined.

New urban map of Eurasia using MODIS and multi-source geospatial data

Urban areas are of paramount significance to both the individuals and communities at local and regional scales.However,the rapid growth of urban areas exerts effects on climate,biodiversity,hydrology,and natural ecosystems worldwide.Therefore,regular and up-to-date information related to urban extent is necessary to monitor the impacts of urban areas at local,regional,and potentially global scales.This study presents a new urban map of Eurasia at 500 m resolution using multi-source geospatial data,including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)data of 2013,population density of 2012,the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP-OLS)nighttime lights of 2012,and constructed Impervious Surface Area(ISA)data of 2010.The Eurasian urban map was created using the threshold method for these data,combined with references of fine resolution Landsat and Google Earth imagery.The resultant map was compared with nine global urban maps and was validated using random sampling method.Results of the accuracy assessment showed high overall accuracy of the new urban map of 94%.This urban map is one product of the 20 land cover classes of the next version of Global Land Cover by National Mapping Organizations.

Coping with Multi-scale Climate Change:Study on the Application of Urban Environmental Climate Maps of Stuttgart,Germany

The development of modern cities has brought about tremendous changes in the climate environment.Faced with complex climate conditions,research on multi-scale climate change in cities is of great significance.The urban environmental climate maps and the application of climate atlas tool in Stuttgart,Germany were studied,and the multi-scale application of urban environmental climate maps in Stuttgart,Germany was summarized through the analysis of the pre-planning,current construction situation,and landscape reconstruction of the German"Stuttgart 21"plan case.Besides,other important measures to cope with climate change in German were proposed,and finally multi-scale practical strategies to cope with urban climate and environment were summarized to provide ideas and methods for improving China’s future urban climate environment.

LAND-COVER DENSITY-BASED APPROACH TO URBAN LAND USE MAPPING USING HIGH-RESOLUTION IMAGERY

Nowadays, remote sensing imagery, especially with its high spatial resolution, has become an indispensable tool to provide timely up-gradation of urban land use and land cover information, which is a prerequisite for proper urban planning and management. The possible method described in the present paper to obtain urban land use types is based on the principle that land use can be derived from the land cover existing in a neighborhood. Here, moving window is used to represent the spatial pattern of land cover within a neighborhood and seven window sizes (61m×61m, 68m×68m, 75m×75m, 87m×87m, 99m×99m, 110m×110m and 121m×121m) are applied to determining the most proper window size. Then, the unsupervised method of ISODATA is employed to classify the layered land cover density maps obtained by the moving window. The results of accuracy evaluation show that the window size of 99m×99m is proper to infer urban land use categories and the proposed method has produced a land use map with a total accuracy of 85%.

Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

Urban Vegetation Mapping from Fused Hyperspectral Image and LiDAR Data with Application to Monitor Urban Tree Heights

Urban vegetations have infinite proven benefits for urban inhabitants including providing shade, improving air quality, and enhancing the look and feel of communities. But creating a complete inventory is a time consuming and resource intensive process. The extraction of urban vegetation is a challenging task, especially to monitor the urban tree heights. In this study we present an efficient extraction method for mapping and monitoring urban tree heights using fused hyperspectral image and LiDAR data. Endmember distribution mapping using the spectral angle mapper technique is employed in this study. High convenience results achieved using fused hyperspectral and LiDAR data from this semiautomatics technique. This method could enable urban community organizations or local governments to map and monitor?urban’s tree height and its spatial distribution.

A study of urban traffic based on the temporal maps:the case of Guangzhou City

Temporal map is an isochronal map taking time as a measuring unit. It traces out the isochrones according to the discrepancy of the time distance between the different sites from the outside of the city and the down town. It can be clear and intuitional to show the different temporal relationships between the outside of the city and the city centre with the temporal map. The problem of traffi c congestion, with its potential for urban chaos, has increased dramatically with a growing number of vehicles and the continuing aerial expansion of Guangzhou. Both transit rid-ers and drivers f ind it is a great diffi culty to try to acquire the necessary information from urban spatial movements. Valuable time is lost due to the absence of good transportation information. So, the paper analyzes a case in Guang-zhou communication with Geographic Information System (GIS), and uses the most popular vehicles, including buses and taxis that are used to measure the temporal distance in the city, and then proposes the design of a new map that better re? ects the status of urban communication, and attempts to change the relationship between one point and another point of travel, reducing the amount of time allocated to such, often complex, movements. This paper also points out the obstacles associated with Guangzhou's existing traff ic congestion, and puts forward a strategy aimed at better def ining the need of linking the temporal map to spatial map of Guangzhou.

Spatio-temporal Evolution of Urban Expansion Based on a Novel Adjusted Index and GEE: A Case Study of Central Plains Urban Agglomeration, China

It is crucial to investigate the urban agglomerations spatio-temporal evolution patterns and driving factors for analyzing the urban spatial structure-functional division and promoting the coordinated development of urban agglomerations.In this study,a novel vegetation-building-nighttime light-adjusted index(VBNAI)was established for rapid and effective mapping of urban construction land(UCL)in Central Plains Urban Agglomeration(CPUA),China during 2000–2020 based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform.Compared with traditional indices,VBNAI can significantly decrease the blooming effect,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)saturation,and soil background of nighttime light data.In addition,the urban expansion indices and standard deviation ellipse model were synthetically adopted to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of urban expansion.The gravity model and the geographically weighted regression model were employed to determine the spatial interaction forces and drivers of urban expansion,respectively.The results showed that the VBNAI index has obvious advantages in efficiency and accuracy to extract UCL with the overall accuracy of more than 91%.The UCL of CPUA had increased by 4489.84 km2 during 2000–2020 with the gravity center moving towards southeast continuously.From 2000 to 2010,the urban expansion was in a‘center-hinterland’pattern which had benefit from the favorable effect of the traffic shaft belt.During 2010–2020,the urban network structure had basically established.Urban expansion had been influenced by a variety of socio-economic and demographic factors,and the impact degree varied from region to region.This study could provide scientific references for facilitating the intensive utilization of urban resources and optimizing the spatial development pattern of urban agglomeration.

基于历史地图转译的兴城古城历史景观层积性研究

城市历史景观概念的提出,强调古城演进过程中的动态层积,为古城的保护提供了全新的思路。文章从城市历史景观视角出发,对各时代兴城古城历史地图进行转译,提取出自然生态、城市街巷、城墙体系和历史建筑四个类型的景观要素,将景观要素的层积和变化进行可视化,从而更直观地认知古城景观的历史层积过程。

基于ES景观美学服务制图的城市绿色开敞空间系统构建--以富顺县新湾片区为例

在城市绿色开敞空间系统网络化构建的探讨中,针对从自然生态系统本身出发、以绿地廊道连接绿地斑块的生态网络化构建方法容易出现预期结果远离人口集聚地、不易为人所用的空间不匹配问题,靶向构建自然生态保护利用与人类社会需求相互匹配的绿色开敞空间系统目标,引入生态系统服务概念,遵循其提供的以“服务流”链接自然生态供给与人类社会需求的级联框架,运用网络科学的中心度量方法,创新性建立由“挖掘城市绿色开敞空间系统自然生态系统服务潜能的景观美学服务供给制图-评估城市绿色开敞空间系统社会需求的景观美学服务需求制图-权衡城市绿色开敞空间系统的景观美学服务流制图”三部分组成的城市绿色开敞空间系统构建景观美学服务“供需流级联”网络制图方法,促成城市绿色开敞空间系统网络不仅将破碎的生态环境恢复为一个连续整体自然生态系统,还具有匹配自然生态供给与人类社会需求的内在联系,推动人居环境绿化“从自然生态内在保护到价值外显利用”的积极生态保护转向。

面向高质量发展的新型基础测绘在城市地形图更新中的应用

在城市高质量发展的背景下,本文以广州市某区为例,研究以新型基础测绘体系探索为抓手,配合传统测量手段,打破传统测绘技术瓶颈,完成近年来该区域城市基础地形图更新项目,项目成果为该区域高质量城市规划、建设和管理的夯实了基础,也为实现城市可持续发展的提供了重要支撑,同时项目成果还实现了不同比例尺成果转换。项目顺利通过业主验收并获得好评,为其他地区大范围多时段城市基础地形图更新项目提供了一定的参考。

测绘地理信息技术在城市土地规划中的应用

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,城市化进程也在不断推进。为了满足人们日益增长的生活需求,城市土地规划管理工作也要进一步完善,以满足城市土地规划管理工作的实际需求,促进我国社会经济的快速发展。测绘地理信息技术在城市土地规划中的应用,有效提升了城市土地规划的科学性,为城市土地规划管理工作的开展提供了有利条件。本文主要分析了测绘地理信息技术的应用意义,并探讨了其在城市土地规划中的应用,以期为相关工作提供参考。

面向城市轨道交通突发事件的情景构建方法研究

轨道交通突发事件影响因素众多,情景要素变化动态性较强,导致突发事件处置过程中的情景构建难度较大.为对轨道交通突发事件情景状态进行描述,提升紧急情况下调度指挥效能,本文在分析轨道交通突发事件特征的基础上,构建了突发事件情景要素体系,帮助决策主体识别突发事件的关键情景要素及其状态.对突发事件进行情景拆分,构建了基于情景地图的突发事件情景构建模型,为突发事件案例的结构化、数字化存储提供了理论基础.最后,选取了列车故障救援案例,运用构建的模型进行案例的情景构建,验证了模型的有效性和适用性.

地理信息系统在现代城市测绘中的应用分析

优化城市空间布局,全面提升城市品质和综合服务功能,以新的发展理念推动城市跨越式的发展,建设美好城市,科学规划要先行。然而,城市测绘是科学规划的重要基础,随着新型基础测绘体系及地理信息公共服务体系逐渐地完善,城市数字化建设正快速转向智慧化建设。在现代城市测绘中地理信息系统已成为城市测绘主要应用技术,利用地理信息系统的多种技术优势可为城市建设管理提供更可靠的数据和技术服务。该文从地理信息系统的技术优势出发,旨在进一步分析城市测绘中如何发挥地理信息系统技术应用的更大优势,加快提升城市测绘技术水平,更加科学统筹规划城市建设,着力构建城市新的发展格局。

高精度卫星定位技术在城市更新中的应用

随着城市化进程的加速,城市地貌及基础设施不断变化,传统的地图更新方法已无法满足现代社会的需求。本研究探讨了高精度卫星定位技术在城市地图更新中的应用,通过实证分析比较了传统方法与高精度卫星定位技术的效率和准确性。研究发现,利用高精度卫星定位技术可以显著提高城市地图更新的速度和精确度,尤其在复杂的城市环境中更显优势。此外,本文还讨论了高精度卫星定位技术在城市规划、交通管理等领域的潜在应用,为城市管理和规划提供了新的思路和工具。

基于地理信息系统的城市数字化地图的研究与设计

文章深入研究了基于地理信息系统(GIS)的城市数字化地图的设计与应用,首先探讨了数字化地图的数据采集方法,重点分析了遥感技术、实地调查和第三方数据源的应用和优势。随后,文中详细描述了数据预处理、格式化和标准化的流程,确保数据的准确性和可靠性。在此基础上进一步讨论了数字化地图在城市规划、交通管理、环境监测以及公共服务与应急管理等关键领域的具体应用,强调了GIS在现代城市发展中的核心作用,并为其未来的研究和应用提供了有益的启示和建议。

ArcGIS在城市数字化地图测绘中的应用研究

当前城市数字化地图测绘结构大多设定为目标式,测绘的范围受限,导致相对测绘误差增加,为此文章提出对ArcGIS在城市数字化地图测绘中的应用分析和实践研究。测试结果表明:对比传统GCV的迭代,Tikhonov正则化城市数字化地图测绘组、传统背包式三维激光扫描城市数字化地图测绘组,在ArcGIS架构的辅助下,所设计的数字化地图测绘效果更佳、针对性更强,具有实际应用价值。

城市竣工测绘典型要素语义分割PointNet++深度学习模型适用性分析

处理三维激光扫描仪获取的城市竣工测绘点云场景数据的传统方法存在较多局限性,无法适应信息化社会对产品高效处理的需求。基于此,本文分析了城市竣工测绘点云场景分类需求,研究了利用深度学习网络模型对点云场景进行自动化处理的方法。首先,对输入的城市竣工测绘数据进行预处理,以实现点云降采样、去噪、地面点与非地面点分割;然后,人工标注5个区域场景数据毫米级标签,进行数据增强;最后,测试PointNet++网络在城市竣工测绘点云场景下的语义分割性能和效果。测试结果表明,在少量样本下,PointNet++网络可以较好地实现城市竣工测绘点云场景的激光点云语义分割,总体mIoU达73.06%,能够满足城市竣工测绘点云语义自动化分割需求,为城市竣工测绘点云数据处理提供了新思路。

基于CiteSpace的我国城市公共空间活力研究进展

城市公共空间是城中居民进行公共交往活动的重要场所,空间活力研究对未来城市的发展具有重大意义,收集中国知网1997—2021年间456篇国内城市公共空间活力相关的研究文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制知识图谱,从发文作者、发文机构、关键词等方面,对国内城市空间活力的研究现状进行可视化分析。研究结果显示,城市活力、活力营造、活力测度是当前城市空间活力研究领域的热点;空间活力研究尺度由宏观转向微观,研究方法由定性转向定量研究;在研究尺度方面,逐渐由早期的宏观视角转向中微观视角,对空间活力的研究更偏向具体细节的考究,更关注其本身的物质环境;活力的测评方法仍需继续完善,空间营造策略方面要继续深化相关研究。

RTK作业系统及其在城市测绘工程中的应用

近年来,国内工程测绘行业发展速度越来越快,随之产生很多更高端的测绘技术,如全球卫星定位技术。该技术能够借助卫星系统实现精准定位,对城市测绘精度的提高具有重要意义。实时动态(Real-time Kinematic,RTK)技术是由卫星定位技术演化形成的实时动态测绘技术,可以为城市建设提供连续、动态的测绘数据,因此被广泛用于城市工程的房地产测绘、地形测绘、地理信息数据测绘以及基础设施测绘中。基于RTK作业系统及其应用流程,分析城市测绘工程中对RTK作业系统的有效应用,以期能够为提升城市测绘精度提供技术保障。