There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urb...There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urban design that promotes activities in these spaces is required for winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between outdoor environmental conditions and the behaviors of people in outdoor public spaces. This six-month study conducted a field survey in six kinds of public spaces in downtown Sapporo and analyzed the changes of microclimates and sitting behaviors in these spaces. The analysis revealed that sitting behaviors decreased with temperature drops during the cooling period （20 ~C-8 ~C）, that sunlight could suppress the reduction in the number of sitting behaviors, and that wind speed could suppress the reduction in the duration of sitting behaviors.展开更多
城市高密度发展不断压缩城市绿地面积,严重威胁了居民身心健康,人们开始重视城市绿地带来的健康效益,因此学者们开始探讨城市绿地对居民健康的影响。首先利用科学知识图谱可视化软件Citespace,对中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science(W...城市高密度发展不断压缩城市绿地面积,严重威胁了居民身心健康,人们开始重视城市绿地带来的健康效益,因此学者们开始探讨城市绿地对居民健康的影响。首先利用科学知识图谱可视化软件Citespace,对中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2000—2020年关于城市绿地与居民健康的研究文献进行分析,梳理国内外城市绿地健康效益研究领域动态和研究趋势。其次对城市绿地影响居民健康的因素、作用途径和健康结果进行分析综述,总结国内外现有研究重点。最后基于对已有研究的梳理评述,构建城市绿地健康效益的概念框架。展开更多
As a city is the carrier of human society and housing is an important part of a citizen's life and survival, the citizens' choice of their housing mode will inf luence the material and spiritual life of the in...As a city is the carrier of human society and housing is an important part of a citizen's life and survival, the citizens' choice of their housing mode will inf luence the material and spiritual life of the individuals, families, and society. In view of the diversification of values and investments, people are eager for a harmonious relationship between the community and the city. As a kind of compact and efficient housing mode, the housing block highlights the organic link of the community within the city in an open and shared living environment. This paper reviews the development of housing blocks in various countries and summarizes the characteristics of housing blocks through a comparison with traditional gated residential quarters and urban blocks. It then analyzes the current diffi culties of housing block development in China from aspects such as the planning concept, planning system, management mode, and development mode and accordingly proposes planning principles and strategies in hope of providing theoretical supports for the development and construction of housing blocks in China.展开更多
In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth...In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.展开更多
文摘There is an urban design problem that outdoor public spaces are not used for long periods of time within a year due to coldness and snow cover in cities with severe winter climates （winter cities）. Therefore, an urban design that promotes activities in these spaces is required for winter cities. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between outdoor environmental conditions and the behaviors of people in outdoor public spaces. This six-month study conducted a field survey in six kinds of public spaces in downtown Sapporo and analyzed the changes of microclimates and sitting behaviors in these spaces. The analysis revealed that sitting behaviors decreased with temperature drops during the cooling period （20 ~C-8 ~C）, that sunlight could suppress the reduction in the number of sitting behaviors, and that wind speed could suppress the reduction in the duration of sitting behaviors.
文摘城市高密度发展不断压缩城市绿地面积,严重威胁了居民身心健康,人们开始重视城市绿地带来的健康效益,因此学者们开始探讨城市绿地对居民健康的影响。首先利用科学知识图谱可视化软件Citespace,对中国知网(CNKI)数据库和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2000—2020年关于城市绿地与居民健康的研究文献进行分析,梳理国内外城市绿地健康效益研究领域动态和研究趋势。其次对城市绿地影响居民健康的因素、作用途径和健康结果进行分析综述,总结国内外现有研究重点。最后基于对已有研究的梳理评述,构建城市绿地健康效益的概念框架。
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51378517)
文摘As a city is the carrier of human society and housing is an important part of a citizen's life and survival, the citizens' choice of their housing mode will inf luence the material and spiritual life of the individuals, families, and society. In view of the diversification of values and investments, people are eager for a harmonious relationship between the community and the city. As a kind of compact and efficient housing mode, the housing block highlights the organic link of the community within the city in an open and shared living environment. This paper reviews the development of housing blocks in various countries and summarizes the characteristics of housing blocks through a comparison with traditional gated residential quarters and urban blocks. It then analyzes the current diffi culties of housing block development in China from aspects such as the planning concept, planning system, management mode, and development mode and accordingly proposes planning principles and strategies in hope of providing theoretical supports for the development and construction of housing blocks in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708395,51978443,52078322)The Tianjin Postgraduate Innovation Research Projects(2019YJSB175)。
文摘In many highly dense urban environments,the urgent needs of residents for increasing green space,improving the quality of the community environment and reconstructing the relationships among residents have given birth to the new space type of community gardens.However,China still lacks this relevant experience.In contrast,New York City’s community gardens had a relatively early start,and they now have rich experience in space construction,operation and maintenance.Given their level of experience,they can be used as references for the development of community gardens in China.This paper adopts a bibliometric research method,identifies 201 periodical literature sources published between 2000 and 2020 from the core library of the Web of Science as the object of study,and finally assesses the research hotspot for transferring from macro-research to space-type construction method,social impact,and so on,through CiteSpace software analysis.By virtue of the research process analysis and the results of field surveys and interviews,this paper probes the development status of space construction and social organization construction of the community gardens in New York City,and summarizes that area’s effective experience of development.Based on the current development situation of China’s community gardens,it is proposed that the development of community gardens should be directed by ensuring the land for development,giving full play to social benefits,and mobilizing social organizations,so as to effectively realize urban space construction and social governance.
