Exploration of Child-friendly Urban Park Design Strategies Based on Child Behavioral Psychology

By studying the behavioral psychology and needs of children,this paper analyzes the essence of child-friendly parks from the perspective of children,and discusses the design principles and key points of child-friendly parks,so as to provide a practical basis for the construction of child-friendly cities.

Urbanization strengthens the edge effects on species diversity and composition of woody plants in remnant forests

Background:Urban remnant forests are embedded in urban areas and are threatened directly and indirectly by urbanization.The direct effects(e.g.,loss of area)have been well studied.However,knowledge about the indirect influence of urbanization through edge effects on the biodiversity in remnant forests is limited.Methods:In this study,we surveyed woody plant species in 72 plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang,China.We examined the influences of urbanization and edge effects on the species diversity and composition of woody plants in remnant forests.We compared alpha diversities and quantified compositional dissimilarities in interior and edge sites at different levels of urbanization.We also measured the niche width of the recorded plant species and assessed whether high levels of urbanization and edge effects increased the number of generalist species.Results and conclusions:The Shannon index,the Simpson index and the Pielou index of adult trees were lowest in the edge habitat under high levels of urbanization.Significant differences in the Shannon index and the Simpson index of sapling/seedling were detected between interior and edge sites under low urbanization.The edge effects on the species composition of adult trees were intensified by high levels of urbanization.Woody plant species with wide niche widths were more abundant at edge sites under high levels of urbanization.Therefore,we recommend that urban expansion surrounding remnant patches should be strictly controlled to alleviate edge effects on biodiversity.

A Summary of Research on Urban Village Transformation in China from the Perspective of Architectural Spaces

Based on the rational classification and screening of the literature related to the transformation of urban villages in China,this paper studied the research framework of the architectural space field in the study of urban village transformation,and analyzed the research status of architectural spaces and users in the process of urban village transformation,proposed four research contents of urban village transformation,namely,promoting space rights for all types of people to live on an equal footing,paying attention to the renewal and rejuvenation of urban areas,attaching importance to the technical methods of space construction,and ensuring flexible and diverse space construction methods,and summed up the necessity of carrying out research on urban village transformation in the field of architectural space construction.

中国城市绿地微气候研究进展——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

随着中国城市化进程的快速发展,导致城市热岛效应加剧,威胁居民健康,城市绿地微气候已成为影响城市居民生活环境的关键因素。近年来,风景园林学科对于城市绿地微气候的研究日益重视。本研究运用CiteSpace软件分析过去二十年的相关文献,通过整理关键词发现城市微气候研究主要集中在小气候、数值模拟、热舒适等方面。研究进一步梳理文献来源、研究发展历程、空间分布情况和研究热点等内容,并进行深入评析。并对城市绿地类型与景观要素对微气候的影响、基于数值模拟技术的城市绿地微气候分析与优化、城市绿地公众热舒适度评价这三个方面成果最为丰富的研究内容进行分析。最后结合当前研究的特点与不足提出注重以人为本的城市绿地规划与设计、多感官舒适度评价的耦合、长期的微气候效应评估以及跨区域比较研究的建议。研究旨在探究城市绿地微气候的研究热点和发展趋势,为研究当前城市绿地微气候有关内容提供依据。

Characters of Urban Development and Its Spatial Morphology Underground Space Influences on Urban

Underground building with such major functions as underground traffic, commerce, culture and recreation, especially the multifunctional underground large-scale public complex, has become a significant part of the overaU functional structure or even the core of a city. Therefore, the expression of the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building, as well as the integration between the building and its external environment constitute an important part in improving overall functional structure and optimizing cityscape. From the perspective of space and environment shaping, the author explores the architectural appearance, and characters of underground building and its external environment, provides several basic design patterns with further discussion.

The Symbolic Expression in the Material Form in Public Spaces

The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.

Landscape Planning and Design of Urban Park from the Perspective of City Image

The image of the city put forward by Kevin Lynch was applied in the landscape planning and design of urban park in this study.By analyzing the 5 dominant elements in the image of the city,i.e.paths,edges,districts,nodes and landmarks,the concrete application scale of these elements in urban park planning were discussed.

Personal Urbanities： Domesticating the Public Domain

City and personality have never been easily associated. Historically, since classical antiquity, urban space has always been the reflection of a collective identity representing the natural inclination of human beings to live in group. However, according to Lewis Mumford, the city has been the context in which another ideal arose--the concept of personality. This ideal, according to the official history of urban design, seems to have had a very marginal role, if not as a formal or functional analogous structure. Nevertheless, looking at the physical consistence of built space--as well as its ideal formulation--it is not difficult to find some evidence of Mumford＇s theory. Therefore, the paper, through an architectural overview ranging from classical street-side benches to contemporary digital cities, aims at outlining the progressive change in the representation of urban identities from a collective to a more personal dimension. It describes how public space design, especially during the last 30 years, has redefined its strategies in order to increase the possibilities of personal intervention for users, and it focuses on the gradual shift of this discipline towards other scales, instruments and objectives, in a sudden disciplinary convergence with interior architecture and industrial design. Thus, showing how a pervasive process of domestication is nowadays transforming not only the use, but also the symbolic meaning that the public domain has traditionally had.

MetaCity: An Edge Emulator with the Feature of Realistic Geospatial Support for Urban Computing

The edge computing paradigm is an important supplement to the traditional cloud computing paradigm in current IoT application scenarios.However,edge computing is highly related to a specific application scenario,in which the mobility of edge devices and the geographical distribution of edge infrastructure are strongly correlated.However,it is expensive to deploy the solution in the real world and most current edge computing emulators lack realistic scenario support and mobility support.Therefore,it is challenging to evaluate whether an edge infrastructure deployment solution can satisfy the QoS(Quality-of-Service)requirement of an edge application in a cost-effective manner.In this paper,we propose and implement an edge emulator,MetaCity,which is able to effectively enforce edge computing policies and construct realistic application scenarios.MetaCity can leverage geographical data to establish an emulation environment according to the realistic infrastructure deployment strategy and emulate the mobility process of edge devices based on the actual urban road network.MetaCity can also provide an extensible network QoS monitoring module that supports the concurrent execution of various QoS monitoring in an emulated environment.In addition,MetaCity provides a user-friendly web-based graphical user interface instead of text-based configuration files.For evaluation,three smart transportation-based experiments are conducted to validate the functionality,scalability,and emulation accuracy of MetaCity.

绿化覆盖率对城市绿地破碎度与地表温度的关系的影响

优化绿地空间配置(如破碎度)是改善城市热环境的有效途径。然而绿地破碎度对城市热环境的影响可能随绿化覆盖率的变化而变化,对改善城市热环境提出了巨大挑战,但相关研究十分缺乏。以长沙市为例,利用Landsat地表温度表征城市热环境,使用解译于高分2号遥感影像的城市绿地图在1 m像元尺度量化绿化覆盖率和绿地破碎度(用绿地边界密度表征)。以419个1 km格网为分析单元,应用分段线性回归揭示绿化覆盖率与绿地破碎度间的非线性关系,识别绿化覆盖率阈值并以此为标准将419个1 km格网划分为高绿化覆盖率区和低绿化覆盖率区。以1 km格网平均地表温度为因变量,绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度、水体覆盖率和裸地覆盖率为自变量从研究区、高绿化覆盖率区和低覆盖率区3个方面建立多元线性回归模型阐明绿地破碎度对地表温度的影响。最后进行方差分解分析绿化覆盖率、绿地破碎度和其他土地覆盖率对地表温度的独立和联合影响。结果显示,1)绿地破碎度随绿化覆盖率的增加先增加后降低,阈值为44.9%。2)整个研究区,4个指标可解释69.1%的地表温度变异,地表温度随绿化覆盖率、水体覆盖率、裸地覆盖率和绿地破碎度的增加显著降低。3)低绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度显著影响地表温度,高绿化覆盖率下绿地破碎度对地表温度呈不显著正影响。4)在研究区和不同绿化覆盖率区域,绿化覆盖率对地表温度的独立影响均高于绿地破碎度的独立影响。建议长沙城市绿地规划管理在提高绿化覆盖率的同时可提高低绿化覆盖率区域绿地破碎度以改善城市热环境。

游客感知视角下城市绿地空间社会价值评估与影响因素研究

城市绿地空间生态系统服务社会价值最容易被人类感知和利用,对其量化评估与影响因素探究可为城市绿地空间优化提供科学依据。现有研究较少考虑服务设施对游客感知城市绿地社会价值的影响。因此,以武汉市东湖风景区为例,利用SolVES模型将6类游客社会价值感知数据进行空间量化,并探究自然资源环境要素和服务设施兴趣点密度对社会价值指数与空间分布的影响。结果表明:游客对东湖风景区社会价值偏好为文化价值>娱乐价值>美学价值>生物多样性价值>康体价值>可持续价值;社会价值热点区域集中在听涛景区和磨山景区,且大多分布在高程20~40m、坡度2°~6°、距离水体100m范围内;在影响因素上,旅游景点设施和植被覆盖度对各类社会价值影响的贡献值最大,且与社会价值呈正相关关系。

人工智能赋能城市滨水空间秋季景观特征识别与活力提升——以上海市黄浦江为例

上海市积极深化“一江一河”建设,打造具有全球影响力的世界级滨水空间,以绿化品质提升的“四化”建设为引领,促进季节性景观营造,从而激发滨水空间活力。针对城市滨水空间尺度大、范围广、数据多的特征,以人工智能赋能下滨水秋季景观特征的全覆盖、多时相、数字化识别为核心,以上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段为例,训练滨水空间秋季景观特征识别的深度学习算法构建语义分割模型,实现对实证案例大批量样本数据的秋季景观特征智能化识别与测度;通过基于位置的服务(location-basedservices,LBS)大数据分析手段,量化揭示上海市黄浦江滨水空间中心城区段活力时空分布特征。探索影响城市滨水空间活力的秋季景观特征的关键因素,为城市滨水空间秋季景观的营造与活力激发提供理论依据与技术支撑。

基于ES景观美学服务制图的城市绿色开敞空间系统构建--以富顺县新湾片区为例

在城市绿色开敞空间系统网络化构建的探讨中,针对从自然生态系统本身出发、以绿地廊道连接绿地斑块的生态网络化构建方法容易出现预期结果远离人口集聚地、不易为人所用的空间不匹配问题,靶向构建自然生态保护利用与人类社会需求相互匹配的绿色开敞空间系统目标,引入生态系统服务概念,遵循其提供的以“服务流”链接自然生态供给与人类社会需求的级联框架,运用网络科学的中心度量方法,创新性建立由“挖掘城市绿色开敞空间系统自然生态系统服务潜能的景观美学服务供给制图-评估城市绿色开敞空间系统社会需求的景观美学服务需求制图-权衡城市绿色开敞空间系统的景观美学服务流制图”三部分组成的城市绿色开敞空间系统构建景观美学服务“供需流级联”网络制图方法,促成城市绿色开敞空间系统网络不仅将破碎的生态环境恢复为一个连续整体自然生态系统,还具有匹配自然生态供给与人类社会需求的内在联系,推动人居环境绿化“从自然生态内在保护到价值外显利用”的积极生态保护转向。

生态正义导向下的城市绿地发展预测及布局策略研究——以日照市主城区为例

生态文明建设背景下,生态正义站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划当代城市绿地的科学发展。遵循生态正义的价值理念,探究生态正义对城市绿地布局的影响机制;通过基于生态正义约束规则的FLUS模型对日照市主城区城市绿地发展模拟与预测的实验研究,提出生态正义导向下的城市绿地布局策略,即普惠均绿、按需供绿、自洽留绿、就地增绿、保育遗绿。期望以国土空间专项规划为契机,丰富城市绿地布局价值体系,创新城市绿地系统布局策略。

基于混合用地模式识别的济南市老城区典型片区绿色空间降温效应分析

城市绿色空间可以通过生态系统服务调节功能有效缓解城市热岛效应,降低高温健康胁迫风险。城市中心城区特别是老城区建成环境具有高度异质性,复杂建成环境中绿色空间的降温效应,特别是混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、阈值、形状等还需进一步明晰。在厘清城市热环境影响因素和绿色空间降温机制基础上,构建了“冷热岛分析提取-混合用地模式聚类识别-混合用地模式热效应分析-典型绿色空间降温效应分析”的研究框架。针对当前城市绿地指标失实、结构失衡、功能失调等现实问题,选择济南市老城区典型片区进行实证研究,重点分析了中层建筑混合用地模式中绿色空间的降温强度、降温面积阈值、形状及植被覆盖度等,总结了具有高降温效能的绿色空间模式,为促进城市健康人居环境发展提供借鉴。

城市绿地碳汇核算和监测研究进展

城市绿地在城市绿色低碳循环发展过程中具有重要作用,准确评估城市绿地碳汇能力是推进城市“碳达峰、碳中和”的一项关键工作。在阐述城市绿地碳汇概念的基础上,从城市绿地碳储量变化和碳排放2个方面梳理了城市绿地碳汇计量的核算方法及应用现状,提出了针对不同尺度、不同管理模式的城市绿地碳汇监测体系构建思路。在此基础上,从城市绿地基线碳汇量、泄漏量等方面阐明了城市绿地碳汇项目减排量的计量方法。研究结果可为提高城市绿地碳汇评估的准确性,推动面向“碳中和”的城市绿地建设提供思路和方法。

基于弹性共享的户外健身设施群体需求响应评测研究

【目的】城市建成环境限制了大型户外健身设施的建设,而相对灵活的大量小微型户外健身设施与公共空间融合发展,展现出显著的弹性共享服务特征。有效识别户外健身设施服务短板可为户外健身设施精准优化提供依据。【方法】以南京市老城区为例,通过建立细粒度群体需求量化方法和设施服务模块化分解方法,打通多元群体需求与设施服务弹性间的关联分析路径,对设施服务功能进行模块化处理,量化户外健身设施的弹性服务能力,同时基于多源数据,建立一套能反映不同群体户外健身设施的需求响应状态评价工具。【结果】场地类设施具有相对较高的弹性共享度,可作为优先发展的设施类型;步道类设施建设门槛和成本均相对较低,尤其能够提升老年群体的需求响应水平;老年群体需求响应指数最高,儿童群体相对最低,是后续规划需重点关注的对象。【结论】在传统可达性分析的基础上改变了居民需求与设施服务固化的供需评测模式,后续可结合设施质量、规模、多样性等指标,为城市户外健身设施规划提供有效的工具借鉴。

基于边缘控制逻辑的车站机电设备监控系统一体化设计

[目的]现有城市轨道交通管理模式还是以线为对象进行管理,网络化管理效能还未能充分发挥,如何更加集约、有效地对城市轨道交通网络进行管理,已成为各地城市轨道交通运营企业所面临的共同课题。以车站机电设备集中管控为目标,提出了基于边缘控制逻辑的车站机电设备监控系统一体化设计方案。[方法]分析了城市轨道交通网络化管理发展趋势以及网络化管理制约因素;提出了基于IT/OT(信息技术/运营技术)融合的边缘控制自动化发展方向;介绍了既有车站机电设备监控系统的技术架构和基于机电一体化的车站机电设备监控系统建设方案,并分析了该建设方案的技术特点和实施效果。[结果及结论]基于边缘控制器搭建车站机电设备管理系统,形成云边端架构,可实现对车站机电设备的集中管理,使控制体系更简洁、更安全、更高效、更经济。试点结果表明,基于边缘控制逻辑的车站机电设备监控系统一体化设计方案可行,可提升网络化管理能力。

城市空间艺术化与“表皮”美学

人类艺术最显眼的是建筑,它让公共空间注满意义,成为一个时代的哲学和文化精神的有力体现,它是城市之所以为城市的理由。对艺术产业的研究,必须包括对城市空间艺术特点的追问。可以看到,越是到后现代建筑,墙体越有可能分化成两层,外层“表皮”对城市空间艺术化起了重大作用。由于当代科技文化的发展,城市设计者与建筑学家可以比较自由地发挥艺术创作精神。在后现代符号美学推动下,城市空间的塑形高度个性化,由此可以比较灵活地解决民族风格与雅俗融合这两个元设计大难题。

基于准自然实验方法的城市绿道暴露与居民心理健康的因果机制研究

【目的】城市绿色空间是影响居民心理健康的重要因素,城市绿道建设已被认为是有效的绿色空间干预措施之一,探究城市绿道与居民心理健康的因果机制,对于优化绿色空间规划布局、提升居民心理健康水平具有重要的理论意义。【方法】运用准自然实验方法,以体力活动变化量、生理健康变化量、情绪状况变化量为中介变量构建结构方程模型,分析城市绿道暴露与居民心理健康水平变化的因果机制。【结果】1)绿道暴露可直接显著影响居民心理健康水平,也可通过身体健康得分变化量、身体质量指数(BMI)变化量两个中介变量间接影响心理健康水平。2)绿道暴露仅能直接影响女性群体的心理健康得分变化量;并通过BMI变化量间接作用于女性心理健康,通过中高强度体力活动时间变化量和身体健康得分变化量作用于男性心理健康。【结论】揭示了绿道暴露与居民心理健康水平变化的多路径因果机制以及男性和女性群体中存在作用路径和中介变量的差异。未来可通过优化绿道可达性、差异化配套绿道公共服务设施等健康导向的绿道规划措施,促进居民心理健康水平的提升。