History provides valuable lessons for the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in land use, socioeconomic indices, and the transportation system of Gifu City during...History provides valuable lessons for the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in land use, socioeconomic indices, and the transportation system of Gifu City during the late 20th century using geographical information system (GIS) methods. The data for the study were historical maps and the population census and economic statistics data from 1950 to 2000, when Japan was in a period of high economic growth. The discussion focuses on the master plan, road construction, land use, the spatial distribution of the population, and socioeconomic indices. It was possible to compare spatial distribution patterns over time using GIS. When policies were created that attached importance to construction of a road network due to the development of motorization and elimination of the city tram, the surrounding suburban area became the focus of land-use development. As a result, Gifu City is plagued by the doughnut phenomenon. It is important to identify the relationships among urban planning factors to provide for future urban and transportation planning.展开更多
Urban area consumes about main percentage of used energy. Cities need basic review in land management, structure and form to minimize the use of energy which creating environmental pollution. Urban planners and design...Urban area consumes about main percentage of used energy. Cities need basic review in land management, structure and form to minimize the use of energy which creating environmental pollution. Urban planners and designers are looking for a solution and essential agreement in urban planning and designing principles that can decrease the pollution from rapid urbanization. Travelling is essential for daily needs of most people in urban area. Issues arise when one considers the amount of necessary fossil fuels used in the majority of daily commuting for accessibility to services. It is necessary to design a city to minimize the use of energy which creating environmental pollution. Research conducted in Subang Jaya in Malaysia in 2012 finds a variable which influences on use of car, propose of use of car and commuting distance by car. However it tried to find effect of train station and density on use of car for accessibility to this services and facilities. Findings illustrate neighbourhood distance from train station influences distance to facilities and services in neighbourhoods. However it illustrates derived distance by car was affected by residential lots distance from restaurant, work place, school, park, house area per person, and car ownership.展开更多
Jerusalem is holy to the three main monotheistic religions. Hence Jerusalem is, from a touristic perspective, a world city. Jerusalem is also a highly segmented city. While Jerusalem may seem as an extreme case, it is...Jerusalem is holy to the three main monotheistic religions. Hence Jerusalem is, from a touristic perspective, a world city. Jerusalem is also a highly segmented city. While Jerusalem may seem as an extreme case, it is not unique. Many cities attract large number of tourists to various widely renowned sites within them, in many cases with religious facets. Public transport systems are largely designed to address the demand of local residents. Yet, tourist flows often differ from the travel patterns of local residents, both temporally and spatially. This paper evaluates how Jerusalem’s public transport system serves the global tourist city. To this end, the study focuses on independent tourists, not package-tour tourists. Specifically, we analyze to what extent are the main tourist sites served by the public transportation system. To evaluate accessibility to tourist destinations we use GIS to conduct Least-Cost-Modeling. This methodology measures the effective, rather than the Euclidian distance to tourist destination. We find that the accessibility by public transportation to tourist destinations with high global importance, specifically Christian-religious sites is relatively low. In the final part of the paper we propose a number of explanations for that.展开更多
文摘History provides valuable lessons for the interplay of factors that shape urban growth and development. This study examines changes in land use, socioeconomic indices, and the transportation system of Gifu City during the late 20th century using geographical information system (GIS) methods. The data for the study were historical maps and the population census and economic statistics data from 1950 to 2000, when Japan was in a period of high economic growth. The discussion focuses on the master plan, road construction, land use, the spatial distribution of the population, and socioeconomic indices. It was possible to compare spatial distribution patterns over time using GIS. When policies were created that attached importance to construction of a road network due to the development of motorization and elimination of the city tram, the surrounding suburban area became the focus of land-use development. As a result, Gifu City is plagued by the doughnut phenomenon. It is important to identify the relationships among urban planning factors to provide for future urban and transportation planning.
文摘Urban area consumes about main percentage of used energy. Cities need basic review in land management, structure and form to minimize the use of energy which creating environmental pollution. Urban planners and designers are looking for a solution and essential agreement in urban planning and designing principles that can decrease the pollution from rapid urbanization. Travelling is essential for daily needs of most people in urban area. Issues arise when one considers the amount of necessary fossil fuels used in the majority of daily commuting for accessibility to services. It is necessary to design a city to minimize the use of energy which creating environmental pollution. Research conducted in Subang Jaya in Malaysia in 2012 finds a variable which influences on use of car, propose of use of car and commuting distance by car. However it tried to find effect of train station and density on use of car for accessibility to this services and facilities. Findings illustrate neighbourhood distance from train station influences distance to facilities and services in neighbourhoods. However it illustrates derived distance by car was affected by residential lots distance from restaurant, work place, school, park, house area per person, and car ownership.
文摘Jerusalem is holy to the three main monotheistic religions. Hence Jerusalem is, from a touristic perspective, a world city. Jerusalem is also a highly segmented city. While Jerusalem may seem as an extreme case, it is not unique. Many cities attract large number of tourists to various widely renowned sites within them, in many cases with religious facets. Public transport systems are largely designed to address the demand of local residents. Yet, tourist flows often differ from the travel patterns of local residents, both temporally and spatially. This paper evaluates how Jerusalem’s public transport system serves the global tourist city. To this end, the study focuses on independent tourists, not package-tour tourists. Specifically, we analyze to what extent are the main tourist sites served by the public transportation system. To evaluate accessibility to tourist destinations we use GIS to conduct Least-Cost-Modeling. This methodology measures the effective, rather than the Euclidian distance to tourist destination. We find that the accessibility by public transportation to tourist destinations with high global importance, specifically Christian-religious sites is relatively low. In the final part of the paper we propose a number of explanations for that.
