Optimization of Training Program for Land Resource Management Major under the Background of Urban and Rural Integration

With constant deepening of development outlook of urban and rural integration,education circle starts to attach great importance to reform of personnel training program.Since scarcity of land resource and key role of land management in urban and rural integration,it is urgent to optimize the personnel training program for land resource management major.From aspects of optimum objectives,principles,program and implementation effect,this paper discusses training program for land resource management major under the background of urban and rural integration.It is expected to provide reference for cultivating land resource management personnel suitable for development of urban and rural integration.

Interactions between water-land resources and oasis urban development at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang,China

Urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is largely constrained by fragile physical environ- ments. The characteristics of an urban settlement are different from those in other regions of China. This paper analyses the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal variations for oasis urban development and water-land resources at the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains by principal component analysis and a coupling degree model. The result shows that the degree and change in regional use of water and land resources are different among the studied cities/counties during their development. The built-up areas of these cities/counties have changed little with increasing populations and urbanization levels, which well reflects that the urban development in arid and semi-arid regions is limited by oasis areas. Per capita amount of water supplied, however, presented a trend of slowed growth with increasing levels of urbanization. Water consumption gradually increased with urban development and the improvement of people＇s living standards, accompanied by enhanced water use efficiency. The level of urbanization can be assessed through the coupling degree between oasis urban development and the use of water and land resources. A high coupling degree represents a high level of comprehensive urban devel- opment and use of water-land resources. Alternatively, a low coupling degree denotes a low level of urban devel- opment and water-land resource use.

The Land Management Pattern in " Green Heart" Area——A Case Study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration

By analyzing the status quo of land resources in " green heart" area of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,and problems existing in land management,this article puts forward some countermeasures and proposals as follows:establish new land management mechanism in " green heart" area;based on land planning," green heart" overall planning and policies and regulations,manage land and promote the protection of urban ecological environment.

Coordination of urbanization and cultivated land resources in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:A case study of Guangzhou City

Guangzhou,a significant hub city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,has seen fast social and economic growth as well as steady progress in the degree of urbanization.This research,taking Guangzhou city as an example,aims to provide an understanding of how land resources,urbanization,and spatial planning are coordinated in the study area.It also aims to explore how the coordination degree of land resources,urbanization,and spatial planning changes over time.It seeks to provide effective suggestions for land resource protection,national spatial planning,and urban transformation development to promote the coordinated development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into a world-class Bay Area.

A MySQL-Based Software System of Urban Land Planning Database of Shanghai in China

With the development of the digital city,data and data analysis have become more and more important.The database is the foundation of data analysis.In this paper,the software system of the urban land planning database of Shanghai in China is developed based on MySQL.The conceptual model of the urban land planning database is proposed,and the entities,attributes and connections of this model are discussed.Then the E-R conceptual model is transformed into a logical structure,which is supported by the relational databasemanagement system(DBMS).Based on the conceptual and logical structures,by using Spring Boot as the back-end framework and using MySQL and Java API as the development tools,a platformwith datamanagement,information sharing,map assistance and other functions is established.The functionalmodules in this platformare designed.The results of J Meter test show that the DBMS can add,store and retrieve information data stably,and it has the advantages of fast response and low error rate.The software system of the urban land planning database developed in this paper can improve the efficiency of storing and managing land data,eliminating redundant data and sharing data.

Building Urban Land Information Management System in PostgreSQL,for the Case of Ethiopia

Population growth and rapid urbanization have caused an exponential increase in urban land demand in Ethiopia.The information required for land administration and management has been tremendously increasing as well.Therefore,this paper describes the steps for a building database prototype for urban land information management system for the case of Ethiopia which results to develop an efficient and effective way of spatial and non-spatial urban land data management system.This research project will develop a central database system using a PostgreSQL software to retrieve,update and store the required data using a user-friendly graphical interface.System requirement and specification is devoted to a system design which incorporates the intended system behaviour using a use case diagram,logical design of the system using a class diagram.The design system is validated and tested via sample data which can store,retrieve,and update the required data as per the user requirement.Developing this type of urban land information management system,therefore,facilitates and increases the efficiency of land registration and related activities at the municipality level.Thence,citizens would be satisfied by the service delivery of the municipality.The land and real estate ownerships registration will also become automated.Furthermore,any spatial and non-spatial data related with the system can be stored in the database which will be ready for more analysis as to be able to use by policymakers,urban planners for the purpose of sustainable development of urban area infrastructural developments and land use policy.The research will lay ground for another task to develop CityGML 3D modelling for selected cities thereby contributes to spatial data infrastructure development to Ethiopia.

Input-output Efficiency of Elements of Urban Construction Land in Beijing: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Jurisdiction

Based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method,and by using CCR and BCC model,Super Efficiency model and Malmquist model guided by input efficiency,the input-output efficiency of elements of urban construction land in different jurisdictions of Beijing from 2005 to 2015 was studied.The results showed that there were obvious differences between input-output efficiency of elements of urban construction land in different jurisdictions of Beijing,among which the efficiency of the core area of capital,Yanqing District,Fangshan District and Huairou District was relatively high,while the efficiency of Daxing District,Fengtai District and Miyun District was relatively low.There was no obvious correlation between efficiency differentiation and location factors,which is mainly caused by whether the land use in each jurisdiction has scale effect,whether the technology is improved,whether the input is redundant and whether the output is insufficient.For the jurisdiction of inefficient land use,we should strengthen the consciousness of intensive land use,improve the technical level,appropriately reduce the redundancy of input elements,and pay attention to the output of social and ecological benefits.

Soil Health and Sustainable Land Resource Management Practices at Municipal Level: A Case from Bheri Nagarpalika (Municipality), Jajorkot District, Nepal

The increasing challenges of pressure and ever-growing demands on limited resources in Nepal by diverse actors,land degradation,biodiversity loss and climate change require the rational use of land resources to sustain and enhance productivity and maintain resilient ecosystems for achieving the sustainable and efficient use of resources,taking into account biophysical and socioeconomic dimensions.Regarding this,Nepal Government has realized and taken initiation of scientific and sustainable land use zoning following the National Land Use Act 2019(2076 B.S.)to use land resources in practicable and sustainable manner.Using spatial information techniques such asZ-3 satellite image,remote sensing(RS),global positioning system(GPS)and geographic information system(GIS).Multicriteria decision making(MCDM)methods for acquiring spatial/temporal data,through expert judgment techniques based on field observation as well as laboratory analysis result,it was found that the soil nutrient status of,the municipality varied spatially and has pH with very high acidic to slightly alkaline but most of the soils are slightly acidic(39.58%).Majority of the soil are loam and sandy loam type with very low to high level of organic matter.Most of the municipal area is under medium range of organic matter.Nitrogen content ranges from very low to very high level as to same ranges of phosphorous(37.69%).Potassium level is also in very high to low as 37 percent land area has high level of potassium.Reclamation of acidic soil mainly in leachable soil is recommended with the proper management of Nitrogen with addition of organic matter is needed to manage for improving crop production.

Evaluation of Sustainable Land Management and Diagnosis of Obstacle at County Scale in Sichuan Basin:Taking Lezhi County as Example

This paper established sustainable land resources evaluating indicators fit for hilly area in Sichuan Basin, Southwest of China, and evaluated the case of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from 1990 to 2001. The result showed that the land resource sustainable utilization ability in Lezhi County is belong to Second level （better sustainable）. Secondly, this paper diagnosed some years obstacles of sustainable land management of Lezhi County from base period to goal period and compared the obstacles factors in the indicators system. There were 16 indexes orderly become major affect factor to land sustainable utilization of Lezhi county in indicator system, of which there are 8 obstacles indexes exist both in 1990 and 2001. The value of obstacles degree of five indicators exceeded 5 in 1990, but in 2001, only two indicators＇ values were more than 5.

A Preliminary Analysis of Land Resource Constraints on Urban Expansion of Beijing Based on Land Supply and Demand

Land resources not only provide support for urban development, but play a feedback and restricting role in unregulated urban growth. Taking Beijing City as an example, this paper analyzes supply and demand relationships and upper limits for the growth of land resources during the process of urban development. By analyzing dominant factors and trends in the demand for land resources, this paper gives preliminary estimates on the minimum size of the land demand in Beijing in view of constructing a World City. According to the basic characteristics of supply and demand relationships for land, current land use in Beijing is confronting a grim situation of conflict between supply and demand. We also point out maximum growth and three types of constraints on land resources. Last, we propose solutions to resource and environmental bottlenecks, and urban disease amid urban development.

Urban Food Supply under Constrained Land Resources in Beijing:Potential and Optimization

The recent global food security crisis is garnering increasing attention and calls for innovative solutions to mitigate its negative impacts on people, especially the most economically vulnerable. In urban regions, this issue is aggravated by the fact that, on one hand, rapid urbanization and greater levels and diversity of food consumption associated with the growing affluence of urban inhabitants has led to rising urban food demand, while on the other hand, the rapid loss of farmland due to urban expansion or irrational sprawl and increasing extreme weather events for agricultural producers due to the impact of global climate change is sharply reducing the urban food production and local supply capacity. Therefore how to realize the urban food supply potential and optimize the utilization of the urban farmlands to enhance the local food supply rate and improve urban food security more generally is becoming a key issue. In this paper, we use the case of Beijing to examine the opportunities to enhance the supply of local, affordably priced food under existing land resource constraints, by restructuring farmland utilization. In this paper, we firstly calculate the changes in the food footprint needed by Beijing and its food self-sufficiency rate over the thirty year period from 1981 to 2011. We show that although Beijing’s food footprint has grown from 11 800 to 29 400 km2 over this 30-year period, its food self- sufficiency rate has dropped from 59.3%, 35.8%, 37.3% and 13.1% to about 39.0%, 27.0%, 6.7% and 2.2% for vegetable, fruit, grain and edible oil, respectively. Following this analysis, we calculate Beijing’ s potential food production under different agricultural production allocation scenarios. We conclude that with a proper shift of farmland use, full utilization of temporary idle land, and the development of rooftop farming, Beijing could increase its vegetable self-sufficiency rate to 60% without significantly reducing the production of other types of local food. Given the sensitivity of fresh vegetables to long- distance transport, and the potential to reduce transport-related carbon emissions, this is a worthwhile adjustment that will benefit the city both by meeting the growing need of its residents for fresh food, and by improving the overall regional eco-environment.

Rethinking of Teaching Reform of Land Resource Management Discipline in Local Normal Colleges and Universities under the New Situation

The Agriculture and Forestry discipline in local normal colleges and universities plays an important role in cultivating talents and higher education to serve the local"agriculture,rural areas and farmers".The Land Resource Management discipline is a science that studies the use,allocation,and management of land resources and assets,and has comprehensive and practical features.In the context of the proposal of the rural revitalization strategy and the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the State Council,the importance of cultivating land resource management talents who understands both land planning and urban planning is self-evident,and the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline is receiving much attention.Taking the Land Resource Management discipline of Jiangxi Normal University,a key normal university in Jiangxi Province as an example,combining the characteristics of the discipline setting and the development process,we analyzed the existing problems in its development,so as to provide recommendations for the teaching reform of Land Resource Management discipline in local normal colleges and universities.

Characteristic Training Modes of Land Resources Management Major in Universities of Finance and Economics

With the development of the society,the undergraduates training modes of land resources management major have diversified developed.The land resources management majors in universities with different background have various features in China.Chongqing Technology and Business University was taken as a typical finance and economics university in this study.And the features,including training mode,feature training scheme and training effect of land resources management major,were discussed systematically.The results provide reference for the building of land resources management major in other colleges.

Efficiency of Land Utilizationand Urbanization Progress of China

Urbanization is a process that is undergoing all over the world, which will speed up in the forthcoming years, especially in China as the boom of economy. On average, urbanization level is not only depended on the speed, but theefficiency, particularly efficiency of using land resource which affects urbanization directly. This paper provided status quo of land resource utilization efficiency, indictors, methods and factors, and illustrated the reference of well land utilization, aiming at fostering urbanization in China.

Improving Land Resource Evaluation Using Fuzzy Neural Network Ensembles

Land evaluation factors often contain continuous-, discrete- and nominal-valued attributes. In traditional land evaluation, these different attributes are usually graded into categorical indexes by land resource experts, and the evaluation results rely heavily on experts＇ experiences. In order to overcome the shortcoming, we presented a fuzzy neural network ensemble method that did not require grading the evaluation factors into categorical indexes and could evaluate land resources by using the three kinds of attribute values directly. A fuzzy back propagation neural network （BPNN）, a fuzzy radial basis function neural network （RBFNN）, a fuzzy BPNN ensemble, and a fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were used to evaluate the land resources in Guangdong Province. The evaluation results by using the fuzzy BPNN ensemble and the fuzzy RBFNN ensemble were much better than those by using the single fuzzy BPNN and the single fuzzy RBFNN, and the error rate of the single fuzzy RBFNN or fuzzy RBFNN ensemble was lower than that of the single fuzzy BPNN or fuzzy BPNN ensemble, respectively. By using the fuzzy neural network ensembles, the validity of land resource evaluation was improved and reliance on land evaluators＇ experiences was considerably reduced.

Countermeasures for Intensive Use of Land from the Perspective of Urban-Rural Integration

This paper analyzes problems of excessive emphasis on expansion of urban land,improper village and town construction,and low land utilization efficiency in urban-rural integration construction.In line with characteristics and principle of intensive land use of urban-rural integration,it puts forward integration of urban-rural land layout,practically exploring connotation,and improving land intensification in many ways.Based on these,it presents countermeasures for intensive use of land from the perspective of urban-rural integration,including stressing function of overall planning of land use in integration and control of urban-rural regional development,raising population,ecological and economic bearing capacity of land on the condition of protecting arable land and focusing on intensive use of land,and promoting healthy,sustainable and coordinated development of industrialization,urbanization and urban-rural integration.

Application of Bayesian Network Learning Methods to Land Resource Evaluation

Bayesian network has a powerful ability/or reasoning and semantic representation, which combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, with prior knowledge and observed data, and provides an effective way to deal with prediction, classification and clustering. Firstly, this paper presented an overview of Bayesian network and its characteristics, and discussed how to learn a Bayesian net- work structure from given data, and then constructed a Bayesian network model for land resource evaluation with expert knowledge and the dataset. The experimental results based on the test dataset are that evaluation accuracy is 87.5%, and Kappa index is 0. 826. All these prove the method is feasible and efficient, and indicate that Bayesian network is a promising approach for land resource evaluation.

China Urban Land Management:Options for an Emerging Market Economy

This paper is the Executive Summary of a WorldBank Report with the subject of“China Urban Land Man-agement:Options for an Emerging Market Economy”,which was presented by a preparation mission headed byMr.Andrew Hamer,Principal Economist of the WorldBank,By the Permission of Mr.Hamer,we hereby pub-lish this paper in our journal.

Trend of urban system structure under the restriction of water and land resources in Xinjiang

根据在 Xinjiang 影响城市的开发和城市的系统结构的水和陆地资源上的研究，这篇论文分析利用地位和城市的水资源的缺乏。城市的水资源的消费和浪费在一个增加趋势，这被考虑。然而，在 Xinjiang 的大多数城市和镇在水资源的缺乏水资源的废物是严肃的，特别在小镇上。megapolis 和中等城市的发展被有限陆地资源显然限制。尽管有扩展小城市和镇的相对大的空格，水和陆地资源的输出好处是低的。为了完成城市的系统的顺序的扩大，在 Xinjiang 组织，在都市化的快速的发展拿一个圆和三条带和节俭资源的策略的城市的空间发展模式被建议。

LAND RESOURCES OF INNER MONGOLIA AND THEIR RATIONAL UTILIZATION

1. The Characteristics of land resources in Inner Mongolia1.1 The vast expance of land Accounting for 12.5 per cent of the Total area of China, the land area in InnerMongolia is 1.183 million square kilometer. The land of per person in Inner Mongolia,which was 5.5 hectares, was 6.5 times of per person in China in 1990.