Development of Sustainable Urban-Rural Integration:Dongtan Case Study

The environmental impact issues,such as global warming and expansion of the urban zone,seem more serious and have become the biggest defining challenges of the 21st century.Climate change can lead to water shortages,desertification,land degradation,air pollution,rising sea levels,accelerated deforestation,and exacerbated economic pressures.Global urban growth greatly impacts changes in sociability,humanity,and the environment of the Earth.The human presence,especially in cities,seriously affects resource use and waste disposal,and they are consuming natural resources faster than the planet can sustain during urbanization,changing how people live.China,with a population of 1.3 billion,has seen tens of millions of people living in the countryside migrate to cities,especially megacities,since the 1980s.As a result of its decision to industrialize and urbanize to boost the economy,China has become the world’s second-largest consumer of energy.In recent years,China’s government has quickly recognized the lessons of“limits to growth”and has taken action by initiating the construction process in Dongtan,Shanghai,China.They are making efforts to build urban-rural integration communities to promote sustainable development.Based on a literature review focusing on Dongtan,research questions are raised according to the research objective:(1)What are the challenges of sustainable development in urban-rural integration?(2)What practices has Dongtan implemented for sustainable development,or how is sustainable development being applied to Dongtan?(3)What are the social,political,environmental,and economic concerns regarding the sustainable development of Dongtan?The sustainable urban-rural integration concerns the ecological,economic,environmental,and psychological aspects of urban-rural integration design and management.The overall objective is to promote sustainable development in economic,social,ecological,and spatial dimensions.It will be a liveable,complete community that makes economic,environmental,and social sense locally while also contributing to national and global sustainable development.It will serve as a compelling model for how to build sustainable urban-rural integration worldwide.

A new approach towards the sustainability of urban-rural integration:The development strategy for central villages in the Abbasiya District of Iraq using GIS techniques

The development of rural areas usually has a positive impact on the urban-rural integration. This study explores an innovative approach to stimulate rural development by proposing qualified villages as central villages that can provide basic urban services for their residents and residents of neighboring villages. This approach can contribute to overcoming the various problems that rural areas faced at the social, economic, and environmental levels. It seeks to achieve spatial sustainability of rural areas, representing a new approach by integrating urban development methods to revitalize rural villages. The study analyzed 15 villages belonging to Abbasiya District of AL Kufa City in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Based on the GIS techniques and the analysis of urban service indicators(village population, percentage of urban building materials used in villages, distance between village and health centers, distance between village and main roads, nature of economic activity, distance between village and educational institutions, distance between village and drinking water sources, number of communication towers, and distance between village and urban administrative center), this study proposed that Abu Gharb and Albu Ghraib can served as central villages in Abbasiya District in the future. This study establishes a new rural spatial structure to achieve rural sustainable development, improves the development status of rural areas, and provides a theoretical basis for the government and relevant institutions to use urban service indicators, achieving rural sustainable development and formulating relevant development policies in Abbasiya District.

Speech at the Meeting on Cultural Inheritance and Development

Today,we convened a meeting on cultural inheritance and development.Preceding this event,I visited the newly built China National Archives of Publications and Culture and the Chinese Archaeological Museum at the Chinese Academy of History and found them exceptionally insightful.

The Development and Experience of American Pharmaceutical Industry Associations and Its Enlightenment to China

Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States.Then,their characteristics and experiences were summarized.Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China.Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good,reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision.At the same time,the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public.American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system.Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States,China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations.Firstly,the supervision mechanism should be improved.Secondly,these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services.Finally,the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry.

Computational Strategy Research on the Development of Kiruna,in Sweden

In Kiruna,nearly all the residents support the migration plan in order to make LKAB able to continue the mining process.Based on current condition,a larger part of this town will be demolished by the sinking land caused by iron ore mining processing operated by LKAB.Since then,most of the buildings in the sinking district will be relocated in another district.However,the situation in Kiruna is not quite the same as when this kind of migration happens in another place.In other place,while migration happens,even if not most,a large part of the local residents will resist and fight for their house and properties.Concentrated on the ownership of different buildings and tried find the relationship between the public and private buildings to discover some issue that will help to work on the computational urban design.

Development Path of Urban-rural Integration

The urban and rural areas are regarded as two major components of the regional economic system. Only through joint balanced development of the two can we achieve overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization. But the great social division of labor has separated urban areas from rural areas,which casts the shadow of city-oriented theory on cooperative relations between urban and rural areas. Mutual separation between urban and rural settlements and independent development trigger off a range of social problems. We must undertake guidance through rational development path of urban-rural integration,to eliminate the phenomenon of urban-rural dual structure,and promote the sustainable development of population,resources and environment in urban and rural areas as soon as possible.

Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

The Application of Multiple Evaluating Methods on the Comprehensive Evaluation of Urban-rural Interaction and Conjunctional Development of China

Urban-rural interaction and conjunctionaldevelopment is the effective way of harmonizingurban-rural relationship and promoting urban-ruraldevelopment. However, there are differences in thelevel of urban-rural interaction and conjunctionaldevelopment of China. How to measure and reflectthe difference properly is a decision-makingfoundation for optimizing urban-rural developmentof different regions. The paper employs multiplemethods to evaluate and order the urban-ruralinteraction and conjunctional development of 31provinces (municipalities) in China. Kendall’s Wconsistency coefficient is employed to give a consistenttest for the evaluation result series, and the resultsof multiple methods are aggregated as the finalevaluation value. The results reflect the level ofregional urban-rural interaction and conjunctionaldevelopment in China.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

Comparative Research on the Reform and Exploration of Balancing Urban-Rural Development

Balancing urban and rural comprehensive reform is the major reform and developmental strategy of China. On the basis of the concept and theory of balancing rural and urban reform, the two national pilot cities Chengdu, Chongqing and several provincial pilot cities including Ningbo, Yangzhou, Shaoxing and Zigong are compared. The experiences and connotation of balancing urban and rural areas are concluded from the following four aspects. Firstly, scientific plan is a prerequisite; secondly, promoting "three collections" is the core; thirdly, developing people's livelihood is the basis; fourthly, organization security is the key.

Development of suburb farm landscape in the process of urban-rural overall planning from the perspective of ecological economics:a case study of Chengdu City

With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas,urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development.However,the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different.From the persperctive of ecological economy,taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects,this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape,the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism,and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development.It expatiates on the pattern,method and principle of farm landscape development.Furthermore,based on the actual development case,this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method,how to increase peasant income,how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment,so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.

Construction and harmonious development of urban-rural com-paring fi nancial systems based on comparative advantages theory

There exist diferences between urban-rural financial systems,Generally,the development of unban financial industry has absolute advanages compared with rural financial industry.According to the Matthew Effect,the financial resources will flow into cities for higher benefit ,so rural areas are unable to obtain absolute advantages However,relative advantage theory of the comparative advantage theory of the comparative advantage theory provides an lmportant way to observe res[ectove advamtage of both city and country.Therefore,there are comparative advantages for the development of financial industry in both urban and rural areas.The respective comparative advantages of urban-rural financial systems will supply greater efficiency than that in current dual puttern condition.Closely connected with China＇s financial development and reform and the fact of recreation of urban-rural financial system,this paper tries to explain the comparative advantage of the urban-rural financial systems.The anaalysis of the comparative advantage between urban and rural finance is the clue for the bonndary between urban-rural financial systems.This paper analyzes the current situration of urban-rural financial system.Then it proposes some views and suggestions on how to develop and maintain these two systemw as well as how to promote their coordinative development.

A Comparative Study of Development and Reform of Urban-Rural Integration in Chengdu and Chongqing Based on System Theory

Chengdu and Chongqing,as two core cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,have always been in the front rank of development and reform of urban-rural integration in China.But due to different basic conditions,ideas and priorities are different in the two cities.This paper establishes an analysis framework based on system theory,conducts a systematic comparison on the development and reform of urban-rural integration in the two cities to achieve a comprehensive comparison study and finds out that:(a) Owing to different basic conditions,Chengdu and Chongqing have adopted different reform ideas and measures.Chengdu places more emphasis on systematic advancement,while Chongqing attaches more importance to key breakthroughs.(b) Chengdu’s high level shows that in the practice of urban-rural integration,independent policies and measures in local areas have limited effects.System efficiency can surpass the sum of local areas’ efficiencies only if a systematic method is adopted to comprehensively promote policies and measures for institutional innovations in various fields.

Spatial pattern of urban-rural integration in China and the impact of geography

Urban-rural integration (URI) is a global challenge that is highly related to inequalities, poverty, economic growth, and other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing research has evaluated the extent of URI and explored its influencing factors, but urban-rural linkages are seldom incorporated in evaluation systems, and geographical factors are rarely recognized as the influencing factors. We construct a URI framework including regional economy, rural development, urban-rural linkage, and urban-rural gap. Based on a dataset consisting of 1,669 counties in China in 2020, we reveal the spatial pattern of URI and find a high correlation between the spatial pattern of URI and the relief degree of land surface (RDLS). Using structural equation modeling, we discover that topography has direct ( − 0.18, p < 0.001) and indirect ( − 0.17, p < 0.001) effects on URI. The indirect negative effects are mediated through the infrastructure, and the combination of localized advantages and modern technical conditions could mitigate the negative impact of topography. Finally, we identify 742 counties as lagging regions in URI, which can be clustered into eight types. Our findings could facilitate policy designing for those countries striving for integrated and sustainable development of urban and rural areas.

Circulation of Development Factors Promoted by Innovation of Land Management Under Background of Rural Vitalization:A Case Study of Tengtou Village in Zhejiang Province,China

Land is the space carrier for the existence and flow of other development factors.Activating rural land and promoting the circulation of other development factors through land management innovation is necessary to realize rural vitalization.This paper identifies the connotation of factor flow in the rural vitalization context,the action mechanism of land management innovation to boost the flow of development factors,the issues and obstacles restricting factor circulation,and the realization mechanism of the flow of development factors in rural vitalization.Based on the analytic paradigm constructed in the paper,the successful practice of promoting the flow of development factors through innovative land management in a model village is examined.The results show that:1)the unreasonable systems characterized by the land use system in rural areas are the main obstacles causing circulation issues in development factors.It is essential to engage in comprehensive reform to break down these long-lasting obstacles to the smooth flow of development factors.2)The land should play a leading role in the circulation of development factors in the background of rural vitalization;the main purpose of land management innovation is to activate the land factor,thereby promoting the circulation of other factors.3)The activated land factor will act as a‘trigger’to promote capital and technology in rural settings and use capital and technology to attract the inflow of talents and the return of migrant workers,whereby the population factor will act as a‘catalyst’for the cultivation of rural culture,bringing about the integration of various development factors.4)The innovation of land use and management,increased funding,and new technologies have brought multiple talents to Tengtou Village.The high-frequency mutual feedback between the village’s own and the external development factors resulted in its successful integration of industrial development.

Review of History and Recent Development of Organic Farming Worldwide

The history of the organic farming worldwide was reviewed in this paper. The development of the organic farming worldwide had gone through three stages, emergence, expansion, and growth. The contributors and their thoughts during the different development stages of the organic farming were briefly introduced. And the development status of the organic farming worldwide was reviewed from the aspects of land area under organic management, land area under organic management in percentage of total agricultural area, and world markets for organic products. Besides, the main existing problems for the further development of the world＇s organic farming, as well as the development status, problems and strategies of the Chinese organic farming were discussed.

Brief History of Greenway Development and Its Useful Experience and Referential Value for Greenway Construction in China

Concept, type and function of greenway was introduced as well as its development history and current status in China and abroad. Useful experience for greenway construction in China was proposed from the perspectives of construction, planning and design.

The Development and Innovation of the First Supercomputer YH-1 in China:From the Perspective of Technology History

China’s first supercomputer capable of 100 million calculations per second was the YH-1,which was independently developed by the Institute of Computer Science at the National University of Defense Technology(NUDT)between 1978 and 1983.YH-1 played an important role in China’s national defense construction and national economic development.It made China one of the few countries in the world to successfully develop a supercomputer.Based on original archive documents,interviews with relevant personnel,and an analysis of the technological parameters of the supercomputers YH-1 in China and Cray-1 in the United States,this paper reviews in detail the historic process of the development of YH-1,analyzing its innovation and summarizing the experience and lessons learned from it.This analysis is significant for current military-civilian integration,and the commercialization of university research findings in China.

Effect of Oral Traditions, Folklores and History on the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1977 Till Date

Nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. in the pre-literate period, Nigeria enjoyed high level of verbal art civilization which traditional rulers and the generality of the populace patronized. The oral tradition served as medium of preservation of culture and history of the ancient past and experiences. Though, most Nigerians can still remember their family history, folklore, tradition and genealogy, only few oral artists and youths of nowadays possess the skill and ability needed to chant the lengthy oral literature. It is in the light of the above that this study examined the effect of oral tradition, folklore, and history on the development of education in Nigeria, 1977 till date. The study adopted historical research method using primary and secondary sources of information to analyze data. Primary sources include, like archive materials, oral interviews and secondary sources include, like textbooks, speeches, journals, and internet materials and images. The outlines of the paper are： the definition of concepts, historical background of Nigerian oral tradition, and folklore in the educational system, the place of oral tradition, folklore and history in the education policy in Nigeria since 1977, the effect of oral tradition, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria since 1977, the prospects of oral traditions, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria, conclusion and a few recommendations for future improvement. The findings of the study revealed that oral traditions, folklore and history were the bed-rock for the development of education and society in the pre-colonial period, but these were dropped gradually with the advent of the colonial masters and gradually deteriorate both in the educational curriculum and general conduct of the society and these have adverse effect on the nation＇s economy. It is recommended that the beauty of Nigerian history, oral and written traditions, culture, folklore like proverbs, chants, satire and symbolism, be brought back into the school system, politics and every sector of the Nigerian economy for proper advancement to take place in the education sector and for overall national development.