Spatial Boundary Definition of Urban-rural Fringe in Beijing City

Through reviewing domestic and overseas literatures about the definition of urban-rural fringe,it can be found that the combination of qualitative and quantitative definition methods has become a dominant one.This paper makes out the principle and basis,uses the data of villages and towns,and establishes an index system from three angles:population,land use and landscape.And then the gravitational model is applied to define the urban-rural fringe with Beijing as an example.

The Chinese Urban-rural Dual Economic Structure Model and Analysis

Based on the characteristics of urban-rural dual economic structure in China,we build a dynamic endogenous urban-rural dual economic model closely linked to China's reality,and carry out mathematical economics analysis of optimized conditions for urban and rural sectors. The main results show that:(i) The labor growth rate of urban-rural sectors must be greater than the time discount rate,or else there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(ii) The accumulation rate of physical capital and human capital of urban-rural sectors,and the rate of technological progress,need to be greater than the corresponding depreciation rate plus the time discount rate,otherwise there would be a vicious cycle of diminishing returns in the sectors;(iii) The low accumulation rate in the rural sector,and the occurrence of labor outflow,human capital loss and lack of investment,will expand income gap between urban and rural areas,which is a reason for solidification of urban-rural dual economic structure.

Research on the Impact of Rural Labour Forces Transfer on the Urban-rural Income Based on Economics of Discrimination

On the basis of the analytical frame of discrimination, the thesis establishes a model of transfer of rural labour forces into city, and researches the impact of rural labour forces transfer on urban-rural income. The results show that the transfer of rural labour forces into city can increase urban-rural income and bridge the income gap between city and village to a certain extent. However, the capital stock of city in China is greatly more than that of the village, so the rural labour forces transfer cannot eliminate the urban-rural income gap completely. In order to elevate the rural income level in China and narrow urban-rural income gap, the government should paint a picture with two brushes at the same time: on one hand, the government should promote the transfer of rural labour forces into city, and change the status quo of dual urban-rural labour forces market structure; on the other hand, the government should increase the input in rural areas and promote the increase of rural capital stock so as to further increase rural residents' income in the process of labour forces transfer.

Research on Vegetation Coverage Status of Urban-rural Fringe in Guizhou Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned aerial vehicle technology was used to survey the vegetation coverage of typical urban-rural fringe, and descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods were used to analyze the urban-rural fringe of spatial heterogeneity of vegetation coverage. The results showed that vegetation coverage in the study area was 27.2176% with the coefficient of variation of 31.7786%; that the vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ showed positive spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation of vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ was greater than that in 〉0.18＇; that the best fitting model for Semivariance function was exponential model with spatial variation ratio 0.726, which showed strong spatial correlation, and the spatial correlated scale was 0.18＇; that the vegetation coverage data in the study area was relatively stable, and the instability mainly occurred on the border of the study area and the surroundings.

Explore economic restructuring Institutional Analysis based on the urban-rural dual economic structure

China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.

An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urbanrural Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and charac- teristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transnort infrastrncnlre.

Evolution Rules of Urban-rural Development and Inspiration for China's Agriculture

Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.

A Comparative Study of Development and Reform of Urban-Rural Integration in Chengdu and Chongqing Based on System Theory

Chengdu and Chongqing,as two core cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,have always been in the front rank of development and reform of urban-rural integration in China.But due to different basic conditions,ideas and priorities are different in the two cities.This paper establishes an analysis framework based on system theory,conducts a systematic comparison on the development and reform of urban-rural integration in the two cities to achieve a comprehensive comparison study and finds out that:(a) Owing to different basic conditions,Chengdu and Chongqing have adopted different reform ideas and measures.Chengdu places more emphasis on systematic advancement,while Chongqing attaches more importance to key breakthroughs.(b) Chengdu’s high level shows that in the practice of urban-rural integration,independent policies and measures in local areas have limited effects.System efficiency can surpass the sum of local areas’ efficiencies only if a systematic method is adopted to comprehensively promote policies and measures for institutional innovations in various fields.

The threshold effect of the urban-rural income disparity on real economic growth in China

Given China＇s dual urban-rural structure, this paper employs the Theil index for measuring and depicting China＇s urban-rural income disparity and its characteristics. Furthermore, this paper specifies a nonlinear threshold cointegration model to reveals a nonlinear relationship between the urban-rural income gap and real economic growth over a long period since reform and opening up in China. Our results show that the regime switch of the long-term nonlinear threshold relationship takes place at the 0.100 （threshold value） of the Theil index. From 1978 to 1991, the long-term effect of the urban- rural income disparity on China＇s economic growth was positive; between 1992 and 1999, there was a smooth transition to a negative effect; and from 1999 on, the negative effect has been increasing year by year. Income disparity now has the effect of retarding China＇s real economic growth.

The Effects of Financial Structure on Urban-Rural Income Gap Viewed through Economic Growth and Urbanization

From the perspective of economic growth and urbanization,this paper proposes several hypotheses on how financial structure affects urban-rural income gap combining with the stylized facts of Chinese economy,and then uses a panel data of 29 provinces over 1996-2015 to conduct empirical analysis.Theoretical analysis shows that owing to the distinct availability of urban and rural residents for financial services,financial structure has a distinct impact on their income disparity.Meanwhile,through the function of credit allocation,financial structure plays important roles in the processes of economic growth and urbanization,and then has indirect effects.The results indicate that increasing the ratio of direct financing has a direct impact on shrinking the urban-rural income gap,and has an indirect impact through economic growth and urbanization.More importantly,the intermediary effect of urbanization is stronger than that of economic growth.Therefore,releasing the controls on financial markets helps shrink the urban-rural income gap in China.

城乡生态经济交错区土地管理若干理论问题研究

鉴于城乡生态经济交错区土地资源利用和土地管理的重要性，探讨了城乡生态经济交错区的特征，认为其自由度高、生态脆弱、城乡相互作用强烈、生态经济要素水平梯度大，不仅土地生产力高，而且可能引起严重的资源冲突，导致相关生态经济问题和农地城市流转；提出了城乡生态经济交错区土地管理的目标是生态的可持续性、经济的可持续性与社会的可持续性；土地管理的原则为限制性原则、主导性原则。

城乡交错带土地利用生态经济预警研究

首先分析了城乡交错带土地利用的生态经济问题;然后,探讨了交错带土地利用预警的原理;最后,从交错带的生产、生活、生态功能出发,依据主导因子、独立性和完备性的原则,建立了预警指标体系,共包含31个指标,该指标体系具有简单和可操作性的特点.

新世纪大城市边缘地区发展的新理念——以长三角地区土地资源保护问题为例

从城市空间布局的观点分析,大城市边缘地区的社会经济发展用地布局是最为复杂的。过去与现代,大城市的边缘区域都是城市空间扩展的主要方向。特别是当代城市化迅速发展时期,城市边缘就是不断郊区城市化的过程。本文以长三角为例,探讨经济发达地区郊区城市化、郊区都市农业基地创建、重点小城镇发展策略以及高新技术园区建设等大城市边缘地区发展的关键性的、涉及到合理利用土地资源的根本问题,论文提出"精明增长"及其城市化蔓延带来的用地时空所引起的各项社会成本、环境成本日益增加的趋势。研究这些问题,为保护我国有限的土地资源提供科学决策。

大城市边缘区土地利用与城乡协调发展关系--以天津东丽区为例

在大城市边缘区,土地资源对于支撑快速城镇化和统筹城乡协调发展起着至关重要的作用。以天津市东丽区为例,对经济发展和土地利用变化的时空关系进行了分析。结果表明:随着社会经济发展,东丽区耕地减少的速度加快,城镇建设用地规模逐渐扩大,其未来城市化的关键是促进农民的非农化。近年来,新农村建设"迁村并点"的逐步实施,使得农村居民点用地趋向集约化。提出了保障东丽区区域经济社会协调发展的土地利用战略与对策。

论城乡生态经济交错区土地资源管理的原则

认为随着中国城市化进程的加快，城乡生态经济交错区优质农地将会被侵占，并可能产生一系列生态经济问题.从城乡生态经济交错区可持续发展的角度出发，探讨了土地资源管理原则；提出了城乡生态交错区土地资源利用应该坚持限制性原则、主导性原则。

城乡生态经济交错区农地城市流转PSR机理与政府决策探讨

研究目的:明确城乡生态经济交错区农地流转的机理过程与流转参与者的角色,探讨进一步深入农地城市流转决策的研究区域。研究方法:PSR机理分析。研究结果:(1)农地城市流转的机理过程主要包括驱动力、流转过程、状态和影响等内容。(2)探讨性地提出交错区农地城市流转决策研究应努力的方向。

城乡生态经济交错区农业可持续发展研究

阐明了城乡生态经济交错区农业可持续发展的现实意义，分析了交错区农业可持续发展面临的主要问题，提出了农业可持续发展的目标和对策。

城乡结合部混和经济形态与驱动要素分析——以北京市海淀区为例

通过对北京市海淀区的实地调查,揭示了城乡结合部混和经济形态的特征及其形成与发展的驱动要素。研究发现:城乡结合部是一个城市经济与乡村经济,高端经济与低端经济,扩张带动型经济、就业带动型经济与消费带动型经济等高度混和的地域。引发与加剧这种混和经济形态的要素包括复杂的劳动力、资本与土地等经济要素构成;城乡板块交界区域要素属性与功能变动带来的经济活动的频繁更替;以及街道、乡镇行政隶属管理交叉,人员管理交叉和人员管理与事务管理分离导向下的经济管理体制混乱等。解决城乡结合部经济发展矛盾、加速其转型进程并促进实现城乡一体化,应着重解决就业安置与培训、资本重组与优化、新兴产业对传统产业的融合与改造、违规经济的治理与整顿、经济管理与服务一体化等问题。

内蒙古蒙中经济区大城市边缘带LUCC时空过程分析

蒙中经济区是内蒙古自治区唯一自成体系的经济区,自然资源丰富、区位优势显著,不仅是内蒙古的社会经济重心,也是中国北方最具发展潜力和活力的地区之一。文章应用陆地卫星遥感数据,在GIS技术支持下,进行了蒙中经济区大城市边缘带1990—2000年的土地利用/覆盖变化时空动态分析。1990—2000年间呼和浩特和包头市的城市建成区面积分别增长2 512.55ha和2 259.33ha,净增加率分别高达33.00%和23.72%,城市用地的向外扩展,大面积蚕食建成区周边地带耕地和牧草地的同时,一定程度上加剧了城市边缘带耕地和草原的退化过程。研究证明,在包头市边缘带耕地和草原的退化形势极其严峻。