Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social inf...Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social infras-tructures in urban areas across various scales,with less attention to rural areas,where inequality can be more severe.Particularly,few have investigated the disparities of accessibility to social infrastructures between urban and rural areas.Here,using the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China,as an example,we investigated the inequality of accessibility in both urban and rural areas,and further compared the urban-rural difference.Accessibility was measured by travel time of residents to infrastructures.We selected four types of social infrastructures including supermarkets,bus stops,primary schools,and health care,which were funda-mentally important to both urban and rural residents.We found large disparities in accessibility between urban and rural areas,ranging from 20 min to 2 h.Rural residents had to spend one to two more hours to bus stops than urban residents,and 20 min more to the other three types of infrastructures.Furthermore,accessibility to multiple infrastructures showed greater urban-rural differences.Rural residents in more than half of the towns had no access to any infrastructure within 15 min,while more than 60%of the urban residents could access to all infrastructures within 15 min.Our results revealed quantitative accessibility gap between urban and rural areas and underscored the necessity of social infrastructures planning to address such disparities.展开更多
Women entrepreneurs are increasingly representing an underexploited potential of the Swiss economy. Although entrepreneurship represents a rapidly expanding phenomenon, women meet specific difficulties that explain th...Women entrepreneurs are increasingly representing an underexploited potential of the Swiss economy. Although entrepreneurship represents a rapidly expanding phenomenon, women meet specific difficulties that explain this lack of exploitation by the economy, The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor （GEM）, a not-for-profit academic research consortium, published its annual report which mentioned in particular a difference between female and male entrepreneurship. According to these results, it can be noticed that the typical profile of the female entrepreneur differs from that of her male counterpart. In Switzerland, those differences can be situated at three levels： （I） In the first place, a natural difference of the female entrepreneurship at the level of activities （service activities, low-added value, and low potential of job creation）; （2） Secondly, a difference in motivation/commitment （part-time work, start-up funds available, skills, received opportunities, and fear of failure）; and （3） Thirdly, a difference at the level of insertion （revealing the importance of networking, access to financing and structures of encouragement）. The present communication points up a typical profile of the woman entrepreneur in Switzerland. The authors also intend to identify the kind of obstacles female entrepreneur is likely to meet as well as the existing initiatives to exceed stereotypes by taking into account her specificities. There are several supports and measures intended to help women entrepreneurship concerning the following aspects： better time management; adapted following and training structures; access to easier financing; and better visibility and networking.展开更多
Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences h...Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas,and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement.Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences,this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP)as the study area,explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area,and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences.Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295,and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east.The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway.The low level of urban-rural'population-land-industry'development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas.Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap.However,the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas.The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength.In the process of rapid economic development,more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside.The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance.Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI.This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development,and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue tha...The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue that gender can be done well and differently through simultaneous,multiple enactments of femininity and masculinity.展开更多
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2010)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225104)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFF130110O).
文摘Equal access to social infrastructures is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development,but has long been a great challenge worldwide.Previous studies have primarily focused on the accessibility to social infras-tructures in urban areas across various scales,with less attention to rural areas,where inequality can be more severe.Particularly,few have investigated the disparities of accessibility to social infrastructures between urban and rural areas.Here,using the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration,China,as an example,we investigated the inequality of accessibility in both urban and rural areas,and further compared the urban-rural difference.Accessibility was measured by travel time of residents to infrastructures.We selected four types of social infrastructures including supermarkets,bus stops,primary schools,and health care,which were funda-mentally important to both urban and rural residents.We found large disparities in accessibility between urban and rural areas,ranging from 20 min to 2 h.Rural residents had to spend one to two more hours to bus stops than urban residents,and 20 min more to the other three types of infrastructures.Furthermore,accessibility to multiple infrastructures showed greater urban-rural differences.Rural residents in more than half of the towns had no access to any infrastructure within 15 min,while more than 60%of the urban residents could access to all infrastructures within 15 min.Our results revealed quantitative accessibility gap between urban and rural areas and underscored the necessity of social infrastructures planning to address such disparities.
文摘Women entrepreneurs are increasingly representing an underexploited potential of the Swiss economy. Although entrepreneurship represents a rapidly expanding phenomenon, women meet specific difficulties that explain this lack of exploitation by the economy, The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor （GEM）, a not-for-profit academic research consortium, published its annual report which mentioned in particular a difference between female and male entrepreneurship. According to these results, it can be noticed that the typical profile of the female entrepreneur differs from that of her male counterpart. In Switzerland, those differences can be situated at three levels： （I） In the first place, a natural difference of the female entrepreneurship at the level of activities （service activities, low-added value, and low potential of job creation）; （2） Secondly, a difference in motivation/commitment （part-time work, start-up funds available, skills, received opportunities, and fear of failure）; and （3） Thirdly, a difference at the level of insertion （revealing the importance of networking, access to financing and structures of encouragement）. The present communication points up a typical profile of the woman entrepreneur in Switzerland. The authors also intend to identify the kind of obstacles female entrepreneur is likely to meet as well as the existing initiatives to exceed stereotypes by taking into account her specificities. There are several supports and measures intended to help women entrepreneurship concerning the following aspects： better time management; adapted following and training structures; access to easier financing; and better visibility and networking.
基金National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFC0504701Major Project of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.15ZDA021China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2016M591105。
文摘Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside.This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI).Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas,and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement.Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences,this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP)as the study area,explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area,and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences.Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295,and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east.The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway.The low level of urban-rural'population-land-industry'development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas.Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap.However,the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas.The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength.In the process of rapid economic development,more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside.The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance.Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI.This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development,and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to revisit theoretical positions on gender and the implications for gender in management by building upon current research on doing gender well and re-doing or undoing gender and argue that gender can be done well and differently through simultaneous,multiple enactments of femininity and masculinity.
