An investigation of the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the related in？uencing factors

Objective：To investigate the health value and self-care capabilities of the elderly living in urban-rural fringe area nursing homes and the factors that influence these variables.Methods：A cluster sampling method was used to select 280 elderly individuals from seven urban-rural fringe communities in Xianning to complete a survey regarding their health value and self-care capabilities.Results：The total health value and self-care capability scores of the elderly were 7.45 ± 1.45 and100.25±22.56,respectively.Both of these scores significantly differed by age,education level,marital status,and income（P 〈 0.05,P 〈 0.01）.Self-care capability was correlated with health value（r=0.521）.A multivariate linear regression analysis showed that health value,marital status,and age predicted selfcare capability.Conclusions：Elderly people living in the urban-rural fringe area with higher health values also had higher self-care capabilities.The self-care capabilities of the elderly can be enhanced by improving their health value using the ＂knowing-trusting-acting＂ model.

Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

Spatial Boundary Definition of Urban-rural Fringe in Beijing City

Through reviewing domestic and overseas literatures about the definition of urban-rural fringe,it can be found that the combination of qualitative and quantitative definition methods has become a dominant one.This paper makes out the principle and basis,uses the data of villages and towns,and establishes an index system from three angles:population,land use and landscape.And then the gravitational model is applied to define the urban-rural fringe with Beijing as an example.

Research on Vegetation Coverage Status of Urban-rural Fringe in Guizhou Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Unmanned aerial vehicle technology was used to survey the vegetation coverage of typical urban-rural fringe, and descriptive statistics and geostatistical methods were used to analyze the urban-rural fringe of spatial heterogeneity of vegetation coverage. The results showed that vegetation coverage in the study area was 27.2176% with the coefficient of variation of 31.7786%; that the vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ showed positive spatial correlation, and the spatial correlation of vegetation coverage in separation distance of 〈0.18＇ was greater than that in 〉0.18＇; that the best fitting model for Semivariance function was exponential model with spatial variation ratio 0.726, which showed strong spatial correlation, and the spatial correlated scale was 0.18＇; that the vegetation coverage data in the study area was relatively stable, and the instability mainly occurred on the border of the study area and the surroundings.

Concept Planning of Ecological Landscapes on Urban Fringes——A Case Study of Landscape Concept Planning of Shiling Area in the Eastern New District of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province of China

With Shiling Area of Eastern New District in Chengdu City as a background, concept design scheme was put forward from the perspective of ecological landscape through analyzing present development and ecological landscapes of the study area, applying philosophic thinking and Abstract concepts, and also combining with actual conditions of Chengdu, and meanwhile, concepts, orientation and functional structure of the eco-landscape concept planning were proposed. Key points of the planning were elaborated from 4 perspectives of spatial structure, traffic organization, spatial sequence and plant configuration to discuss spatial configuration of ecological landscapes on the fringes of Chengdu City, then further improve functions of ecological landscapes and quality of ecological environment, and put the concept planning into the construction practice of urban fringes.

Analyzing land use characteristics of rural settlements on the urban fringe of Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing, China

The objective of this paper is to analyze land use characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe so as to provide references for optimizing the regional distribution of rural settlements, consolidating rural settlements, and coordinating urban-rural integrated development. The methods of spatial statistical analysis, buffer analysis, Ripley's K function, kernel density analysis based on GIS(Geographic Information System) were used to analyze the characteristics of scale, spatial differentiation and spatial patterns of the rural settlements in Liangjiang New Area in Chongqing Municipality of China. The fractal dimension formula was also developed to reflect fractal feature of the rural settlements. The results show that, the scale of rural settlements in Liangjang New Area takes on distinct characteristics of spatial differentiation along with changes in elevation, gradient, location, geohazards distribution, and the like. The fractal characteristic of rural settlements has obvious regional variations subject to the 6 factors of location in the Liangjiang New Area. Overall, the worse the terrain conditions are, the larger the fractal dimension values become. The better the locationconditions, the larger the fractal dimension values are. The spatial pattern in the township scale presents three kinds of distribution as being aggregated, uniform and random. In contract, the spatial pattern in the plaque scale displays a banding distribution from a general view with several aggregation zones centering on each town center. From the results, we can see that the characteristics of rural settlements in urban fringe are more complicated. For such kind of rural settlements in special regions, in the rural land consolidation more attention should be paid to improve the rural living environments and public services, as well as to promote the harmonious relationship between the urban and rural areas.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

Many studies have been made concerning the problems, characteristics, formation, transformation measures, etc. of urban village from sociology, urban planning and geography, etc., which have made insightful analysis. However, most of these studies started mainly from the standpoint of the city govemment, drumming for the land- scape-oriented urbanization, namely pulling-down the urban village and constructing the splendid residence or business buildings. The article maintains that the most important thing the city government should do is to pay much attention to the sustainable living of urban villagers, who would lose their main income source, namely, the collective dividend and the family housing rent. The single method of compensation has been proved to be harmful to the villagers＇ community, in which some young villagers relying on rent were no longer to do anything but stay at home. On the other hand, considering the floating population has become the main stream of renters in urban villages, the emergence of urban villages was inevitable and would continue to exist in a long time under the socio-economic transition in urban China and globalization. Based on the analysis above, the transformation of urban village should take more concerns on the housing demands of floating population besides compensation for local villagers. Meanwhile, it is necessary to avoid the “landscape-oriented urbanization” without the “peasant-to-citizen” transformation.

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Urban-rural Construction Land in Rural Industrialized Areas in China:Case Studies in Changyuan City and Xinxiang County of Henan Province

Since China’s reform and opening up in 1978,the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China had led to dramatic changes in the pattern of urban-rural land use.In this paper,we focused on the rural industrialized areas in central China(Xinxiang County and Changyuan City of Henan Province).We used the average nearest neighbor index,spatial statistical analysis,and a structural equation model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of urban-rural construction land based on multisource spatial data and survey data.The results showed that:1)from 1975 to 2019,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas had evolved from homogeneous distribution to local agglomeration.In terms of comparative analysis of cases,the spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land in Changyuan City had shown a trend from diffusion to agglomeration,and Xinxiang County had overall shown a spatial change from homogenization to agglomeration and then to regional integration development.2)The hot spots with increased urban-rural construction land significantly expanded,and they had a high degree of spatial overlap with industrial development.Among them,Xinxiang County was concentrated in central and marginal areas,and Changyuan was mainly concentrated in central urban areas.3)From the evolution of spatial proximity of urban-rural construction land,rural industrialized areas generally decline,showing the characteristics of internal differentiation in the rate of change.4)Industrial development,social economy,the policy environment,and urban development played a positive role in promoting the expansion of urban-rural construction land in rural industrialized areas.To promote the optimal use of regional land and the integrated development of urban-rural areas,we should combine the advantages of regional endowment,formulate development strategies according to local conditions,and adjust the way that land is used in a timely manner.

Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

Impacts of Transportation Arteries on Land Use Patterns in Urbanrural Fringe: A Comparative Gradient Analysis of Qixia District, Nanjing City, China

Integrated transportation and land use studies are of major interest to planners because they consider the interaction between transportation development and land use change. Quantifying the impact of transport infrastructure on land use change is necessary for evaluating the role of transportation development in the process of land use and land cover change in the urban-rural fringe. Taking Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China as a typical urban-rural fringe area, this paper analyzes the patterns and charac- teristics of land use change along three major transportation arteries using land use data from 2000 and 2008. We examine the spatial differentiation and gradient of land use pattern around railway, expressway, and highway corridors to investigate whether land use change in the urban-rural fringe is related to distance from transportation arteries and to clarify the varying impacts of different forms of transport infrastructure on land use patterns. We find that construction land generally tends to be located close to major transportation arteries, and that railways have the most obvious influence on land use change in the urban-rural fringe, while the impact of expressways was not significant. We conclude that there exists a causal relationship between the presence of transportation arteries and land use change in the urban-rural fringe, but this relationship varies across different types of linear transnort infrastrncnlre.

On the modes of urban-rural networking development in China

This essay tries to reveal the developmental regularity of urban-rural networking manifested by urbanization. The urban-rural networking is a reality and an inexorable trend of development. As a physical existence, the urban-rural networking reflects a result of the interaction between cities and rural areas; it is a necessary and sufficient condition for sustaining progress of cities and rural areas. As an objective developmental tendency, it reflects an urban-rural regional economic process. The author briefly analyzes two contradictory urban-rural developmental views, and puts forward a concept of the mode of urban-rural networking development. The author also analyzes the mode from the perspectives of economics and philosophy.

How to Draw on the Urban-rural Space Evolution Experience of Foreign Metropolis for Xi'an?

"Space" is the place where people take social and economic activities,as well as the carrier supporting any public life style and rights and acts.Urban and rural places are the two main parts that comprise the regional economic system,and only when they are developed harmoniously can the overall economic optimization and social welfare maximization come true.On basis of analyzing the experience and mechanism of urban and rural spaces of London,New York and Tokyo 3 typical international metropolitan area and learning from their development experience,the study has proposed development strategies for the integration of urban-rural space of Xi'an City according to its current development situation.

城乡结合部外来人口居住空间演变的制度逻辑——以东莞TG村为例

随着改革开放的不断深入和经济社会的快速发展,越来越多的外来人口涌向城市,居住空间的选择以市场化的住房形式为主,大部分居住在城乡结合部的出租屋和用人单位的宿舍里。外来人口在城市中的居住空间是他们日常生活展开的空间,这一空间的生产过程、所呈现的社会关系以及所体现的制度逻辑在时代发展中有着不一般的意义。基于制度变迁的逻辑机理,通过对东莞TG村这一典型城乡结合部村庄外来人口居住空间发展过程的梳理,可以发现,外来人口的居住空间是城乡二元结构下城市空间扩张衍生的独特社会形态,是市场交换以获取最大经济利润的理性选择,是各级政府通过政策引导和行政干预的治理成果,是外来人口在城乡结合部日常实践的生活构成。这个社会空间的生产是一个受多重制度逻辑影响的产生过程,是由被动的市场逻辑主导逐步发展到以各级政府的行政逻辑规范为主导,近些年又回归到以外来人口日常生活实践的生活逻辑为主导的状态。外来人口居住空间的生产不是一个机械的产生过程,而应被视为社会关系生产和再生产的媒介,是外来人口、本地村民、企业雇主和各级政府等多方行动主体共同建构的过程。

城市边缘区识别及其生态用地景观格局优化研究——以苏州市为例

城市边缘区空间范围的合理识别是生态用地管理和景观格局优化的前提。研究选取POI数据、夜间灯光数据、土地利用数据等多源地理数据,基于深度神经网络模型构建城市边缘区识别方法,以苏州市为例进行实证研究,依据识别结果对边缘区生态用地景观格局进行分析并提出优化策略。结果表明:苏州市核心区面积1380.14 km^(2),占比15.90%,边缘区面积3589.02 km^(2),占比41.50%,乡村面积1017.34 km^(2),占比11.80%,整体呈现核心区—边缘区—乡村的梯度分布趋势;边缘区的生态用地景观破碎化程度较高,整体连通性较差;为实现边缘区生态用地景观格局优化的目的,针对边缘区过渡性、缓冲性和动态性特征提出了相应的优化策略。研究有助于认识城市边缘区生态用地景观格局特征,可为边缘区景观格局优化、生态用地规划提供科学依据。

边缘空间“再生产”——城市边缘区生态价值的耗散机制与捕获路径

快速城市化伴随着城市边缘区的生态衰退与价值耗散。由此引发的区位比较优势削弱限制了边缘空间的资本积累和价值创造潜力,导致存量难更新和增量不经济的双向发展困境。本文在回溯城市边缘区生态资本化历程的基础上,构建生态价值耗散的空间表征和认知局限解释框架,最终提出城市边缘区生态价值捕获的空间规划响应策略。研究得出:城市边缘区的生态价值耗散强化了空间要素替代,延缓了土地更新时机,并衍生了生态成本多尺度扩散;价值核算偏差、增长脱钩困局与生态管制悖论是制约城市边缘区生态价值认知的关键因素;在规划实践中,通过“时空统筹”的资源梳理、“城绿融合”的价值创造和“刚柔互补”的系统运营维护能促进城市边缘区的空间“再生产”。

基于社会-生态耦合视角的城市边缘区生境服务评估与分区

城市边缘区是城市和乡村交接的社会-生态脆弱区,科学评估其生境服务,对于生物多样性保护与地区可持续发展具有重要意义。在生境服务评估中将社会和生态视角进行整合,有利于制订具有接受度和包容性的保护与管理策略。以上海市青浦区为例,基于社会-生态耦合视角构建“生境质量-生境感知”的生境服务评估框架,综合InVEST模型和SolVES模型开展评估,采用耦合协调度模型分析生境质量和生境感知的耦合协调关系,利用地理探测器探究协调空间分异的影响因素,并进行生境服务分区。结果表明:(1)研究区生境质量整体处于较低水平,空间分布呈“西高东低”格局;生境感知空间分布则多临近水系呈“条带状”格局。(2)生境质量与生境感知的耦合协调程度为轻度失调,且失调单元较多。(3)社会经济因素为耦合协调空间分异的主要影响因素,且多与景观格局因素共同作用。(4)基于生境质量和生境感知的匹配与耦合协调关系,可将研究区划分为4大类、12小类生境服务区,以进行针对性保护与管理。研究结果可为促进人与自然和谐共生的生境综合保护提供参考依据。

基于多尺度与双注意力网络的城市边缘区不透水面变化检测

不透水面作为城市化的重要特征,可直观反映城市化范围,利用遥感影像与计算机视觉检测不同时序间城市边缘区不透水面的变化,是观测城市扩张的有效手段,对于城建规划和城市可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,城市边缘区作为城市和自然环境的过渡区域,地物类型复杂凌乱,具有高度异质性,为变化检测任务带来了巨大挑战。为解决这些问题,该方法采用SE(Squeeze and Excitation)压缩激励结构与多尺度融合模块(Multi-scale Fusion Module,MSFM)对Deeplabv3+网络进行改进优化,构建高精度不透水面变化提取网络MSDANet(Muti-scale Dual-attention Network,MSDANet),实现不透水面变化自动提取。同时,基于Google Earth卫星影像平台,获取2017年与2021年乌鲁木齐城市边缘区可见光影像,构建一个注释良好的高分辨率不透水面变化检测数据集HISCD,并将其开源。通过与7种主流变化检测网络进行对比,MSDANet取得了最好的结果,具有良好的变化提取能力,能够精准提取多种不透水面变化类型。在HISCD测试集中OA,Precision,Recall,F1与MIoU各指标分别达到了90.77%,80.51%,78.83%,79.63%与68.80%。该方法为城市扩张分析提供了一种新颖的方法,为城市空间规划提供了有效的技术支持。

莫尔条纹有效区域识别研究

在莫尔层析技术的实际应用中,莫尔条纹有效区域的智能化识别是至关重要的一步。针对手动确定有效区域过程繁琐且不够准确的现状,提出了一种智能识别莫尔条纹有效区域的方法。首先,结合Otsu算法和数学形态学对莫尔条纹进行预处理;然后,获取有无被测流场的直条纹和弯曲条纹的光强图像差值;最后,基于高斯拟合确定有效区域坐标。为了验证该方法的可行性和普适性,将其应用于不同流场结构、对比度和条纹宽度的莫尔条纹的实际有效区域识别,成功实现了自动、准确的莫尔条纹有效区域提取。该方法显著简化了算法结构,以较低的计算成本实现了莫尔条纹的精准可靠的有效区域识别。

趋同与共生:城市边缘区社区治理从模仿到自主的演进逻辑与发展因应

城市边缘区社区因寻求社区集体的发展权益、制度配置的优势地位、要素流动的空间正义而选择模仿城市或乡村的社区治理方式,逐渐与城市或乡村社区在治理方式上呈现“趋同”样态。社区治理方式趋同程度加深使城市边缘区社区治理陷入“选择定式”困境,而走出此困境的逻辑是适配自洽所趋同的社区治理方式,引导城市边缘区社区走向与城市、乡村社区治理方式“共生”样态。达成社区治理方式共生的前提是城市边缘区社区实现自主治理,而真正实现自主治理需要对妨碍自主治理实现的弱项展开多维剖析。以身份构建、资产管理、产业运营、职能框架为着力点,明确城市边缘区社区法律地位,规范城市边缘区社区资产管理结构,鼓励城市边缘区社区产业发展,明晰城市边缘区社区共治联系,从而为城市边缘区社区实现自主治理提供保障,为推动城市边缘区社区治理方式与城市、乡村社区治理方式共生创设前提条件,为深化城乡一体化建设、实现基层治理体系和治理能力现代化打下坚实基础。