Overall Planning of Development of Urban-Rural Areas:A Policy Mechanism for Urban-Rural Coordinated Growth

While analyzing overall planning and coordinated development of urban-rural areas, this paper shows that overall planning for the development of urban-rural areas is a requirement for the best use of productive forces. It means the setting up of a policy mechanism for coordinated growth. Recognizing this, the government should set up a way to lead and manage a unified program to increase service and decrease controlling administration power, while safeguarding and fulfilling the farmers' ownership to the means of production.

Development of suburb farm landscape in the process of urban-rural overall planning from the perspective of ecological economics:a case study of Chengdu City

With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas,urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development.However,the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different.From the persperctive of ecological economy,taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects,this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape,the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism,and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development.It expatiates on the pattern,method and principle of farm landscape development.Furthermore,based on the actual development case,this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method,how to increase peasant income,how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment,so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.

HISTORICAL PROCEDURES AND G-DSG METHOD BASED MANUFACTURING PLANNING

Oriented to CAD/CAM seamless integration, this paper presents an idea for synthetically considering the qualitative history model, which represents the whole course of modeling, and the quantitative geometry model, which contains the extended Brep model, CSG and feature pedigree. History model building captures in background the dynamic interactive definition of engineering requirement and then explicitly conveys the original intention to successive application layers, which is conductive to the decision support of manufacturing planning in not only automatic geometry re constructing but also machining set up. G DSG theory as an earlier achievement is applied to generate the topology independent generalized mid model as an input to manufacturing planning, which is therefore simplified and its accuracy is simultaneously improved. Manufacturing planning lays emphasis on optimizing the mapping in both geometry and function from part itself to detail machining scheme. Comparatively, process planning pays more attention to the mapping to those items like tool, fixture, etc. Theoretically, such an idea is also beneficial to realizing the parametric NC machining trajectory generation and maintaining its dynamic consistency with the update of the design model.[WT5”HZ]

Changing Concepts of City and Urban Planning Practices in Guangzhou(1949–2010): An Approach to Sustainable Urban Development

By focusing on Guangzhou, this paper examines how different concepts of city in terms of urban-rural relationships are shaped in transforming China since 1949, and explores how they influence the way in which urban planning are practiced. In the pre-reform era, the city was defined as a productive space under the system of urban-rural segregation established for securing rapid industrialization. Urban planning was thus only concerned with the development of urban areas. In the 1980 s and 1990 s after the reform, institutional change and economic transformation mobilized the urban-rural linkages. The development of suburban areas was then considered by urban planning, but this consideration was a passive response to urban problems such as population explosion and water resources protection. Since the new millennium, the agenda for sustainable development and problems of uneven urban-rural development have called for the development of urban-rural integration. In this context, the city is conceptualized as a complex of mountain, city, river, farmland and sea, reconstructing the ideology of urban-rural division in defining urban development. Urban planning has therefore sought in an active way to develop a sustainable city embracing rural and natural elements, and to balance economic growth and environmental protection. It is argued that developing the concept of city as a complex of urban and rural elements contributes to the urban planning for sustainable urban development, while this conceptualization relies on the recognition of the integrated urban-rural relationship.

Study on Low-carbon City Planning Strategies Based on Urban Greenhouse Gas Inventory

From the perspective of urban greenhouse gas inventory, this paper analyzed the composition and tendency of urban greenhouse gas inventory of Guangzhou, and compared greenhouse gas inventory of representative international cities. Taking Guangzhou Haizhu Eco-city for example, this paper from the perspective of urban-rural planning put forward the low-carbon development paths and strategies such as increasing carbon sink, industrial transformation, spatial restructuring, traffic organization, green civil engineering and resource utilization, and green building for the main carbon-emitting fields such as industry, energy supply, transport, building and waste disposal.

A Bicycle Tourism Based Study on Planning and Designing of Urbanrural Recreational Greenway--A Case Study of Harbin City

The types of urban-rural recreational greenways were summarized,based on bicycle tourism and their planning methodology was explored.Taking the urban and rural areas of Harbin City as the research objects,the current situation of urban-rural recreational greenway environment and tourism resources was investigated and the evaluation system of bicycle tourism resources was established and tourism resources were evaluated according to the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to select suitable resources for bicycle tourism.Through the ArcGIS software,the currently available resources(rivers,wetlands,transportations and urban-layout)and suitable bicycle tourism resources were superimposed,and the spatial pattern planning and classification planning of urban-rural recreational greenway based on bicycle tourism were carried out.To the end,insights for the development of urbanrural recreational greenway in the future were provided.

Land-Use Planning Guidelines for Optimal Coastal Environmental Management

The objective of this study is to weigh and recommend environmentally-optimal regional land-use planning guidelines for coastal regions. The present malaise is assessed, as regards inefficiencies, non-suitability, non-sustainability, enhancing factors of environmental degradation, and potentially destructive consequences of current land-use alteration. Desired situations and goals are considered, and means are proposed for bridging the gap between the present malaise and a desired situation, based on five key approaches developed by the authors. Specific examples of regional approaches are presented. Guidelines and operational measures for sound regional planning the authors have employed in similar circumstances are recommended.

Management Accounting as a Science： From Costs and Benefits Analysis of Productions to Strategic Planning of Uncertainty

This article discusses the role assumed by management accounting as a discipline over years. Management accounting has long lived in the shadow of financial accounting, and has been often accused of fostering productivity rather than creativity. The revolution involving the business environment in the last decades has much improved the role of creativity and innovation and the adaptability of the fn-m to the context often was a key to success. This article supports the innovative role of management accounting in the post-modem era, aimed at reducing the strategic dominance of the increasing uncertainty.

The Historical Development of the Port of Livorno （Italy） and Its New Port Plan 2010 in Advanced Stage of Elaboration

The geographical location makes the port of Livorno one of the most important in Italy. The port, in fact, benefits of an extended network of roads and rails connecting it with the rest of Italy, and central and southern Europe as well. The history of Livorno and its port is inextricably linked to that of Pisa and Florence, and to the complexity of events that determined the political set-up of the region along several centuries. Looking at the new port plan of Livorno has made it necessary an extensive overview of the history of both the port, and of its planning. This analysis has allowed： to understand the reason for the different choices made in the past for the development of the port, highlighting, when necessary, the errors made; to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing port infrastructure; to identify the works needed to boost the port in the European context. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the analysis performed for the implementation of the new Livorno port plan 2010 and show how the port planning in Italy is often conditioned by hundreds of centuries of history.

Medieval Towns, Traffic and Urban Planning Half a Century since the First Pedestrian Zone in Siena, Italy

The Italian town is known as a collection of wails, gates, towers, palaces and cathedrals. The lanes and the squares were created in the Middle Ages, with an urban fabric suitable for horses and carriages, not for motor cars. At the beginning of the 1960s, it was no longer possible to delay a solution to the problem of traffic and the first ＂pedestrian isle＂ was realized in the centre of Siena in 1965. Other towns in a few years followed this virtuous example. Acts against traffic avoided the building of urban motorways and the demolition of ancient buildings that would have given the ＂coup de grace＂ to several important historic centres.

中华文明影响下东亚古代都城规划研究——以朝鲜、日本与越南为例

中国在数千年城市规划演进中形成了多种都城规划模式,并通过中华文明影响周边地区这一途径传至东亚国家。以纵向贯通、横向比较的方式,系统分析不同时期朝鲜、日本、越南三个东亚国家受中国古代都城规划影响的方式与内容。认为,第一,朝鲜、日本、越南诸国受影响的起止时间、方式有所差异,主要有汉人建设与管理、直接或间接向中国学习等方式。第二,诸国在都城选址、空间结构等方面几乎完全仿效中国,但由于仿效的中国都城不同,学习与创新的内容亦不尽相同。第三,东亚诸国在历代都城规划中延续或遵循了共同的理念,同时,结合本国自然条件与社会情况对中国模式进行了灵活运用或创新。总体而言,中华文明影响下,东亚古代都城规划是学习与创新并举、共性与差异共存的,形成了既有相似性又具有各国特色的都城规划模式。

树、丘陵和没有红绿灯的丁字路 深圳华侨城的花园城市模式溯源

极具热带特征的丰富的多层次城市绿化、起伏有致的自然地形、人性化尺度的道路带来饶有趣味的步行体验、组团功能各异却共存共荣,这是深圳华侨城给人留下的第一印象,也是华侨城集团卓越的片区综合开发能力的展示。作为20世纪80年代中期由单一企业开发的知名“花园城市”、深圳的“城中之城”,深圳华侨城的空间特征的形成,既源于早期设计师和开拓者对自然的尊重与喜爱、对新加坡花园城市原型的追随、对桥头堡式良好投资环境的塑造,也源于经济地理条件的约束、旷日持久的土地产权谈判和开发时机的把握,以及规划方案对长期开发建设的弹性包容和整体把控。通过档案研究与访谈,文章力图总结80年代以来政治经济目标与设计理念互动之下的新城建设实践,并以深圳华侨城作为个案,探究其核心的花园城市设计的几个关键要素:城市绿化、自然的人工保留、路网和组团组织,以及城市性和公共性的生成。

风景名胜区总体规划制度发展历程

风景名胜区总体规划是对其进行保护、利用和管理的基本依据。爬梳1978年以来主管部门发布的公文、法规和标准,并对照国家级风景区总规成果,划分并总结出总规编制要求的初定、总规法制基础的形成、总规编制和建设管理的规范、总规监管和法规体系的完善(分增强法律效力、完善法规体系2个阶段)、总规制度的保留和调整5个时期的阶段性、总体性特征,分析制度制定与实践相互促进的关系,揭示业已形成的总规“编制、审批-执行、检查-实施评估”的程序,展现“现状调研-资源评价-总体布局-专项规划”并指导“实施和管理”的总规基本内容、方法和步骤的形成过程。

常州近代城市规划研究(1840-1949年)

首先阐述了1840-1949年江南地区的发展背景和常州的工业化和城市化。然后分5个时期解析了常州城市规划、城市建设活动和城市规划特点。分析了规划管理机构沿革。最后得出常州近代城市规划的3个结论:路径方面,作为非开埠城市,地方士绅主导的当地经济发展促进了城市规划的近代化,并且不同历史时期,满足城市发展诉求和解决城市问题分别成为城市规划的主要目标。观念方面,常州城市规划经历了由士绅阶层推动到政府行政推广的变化。技术方面,1928年以前,国外城市规划的操作体系和制度框架正在形成,还没有直接的证据显示其对常州的影响;1928年以后,国外城市规划开始通过自上而下的行政推广影响常州,并在规划实践中明显体现。

卫星城在中国——上海的大城市疏散经验(1949—1978)

作为抑制大城市扩张的规划智慧,卫星城在诸多国家产生了广泛而深远的影响,也是中国城市规划历史理论的重要组成部分。新中国成立后,上海成为实践卫星城理论的先驱,规划建设了第一批卫星城:闵行、吴泾、安亭、松江、嘉定。基于上海市档案馆的馆藏资料,结合关键规划人物,相关规划文本、事件,从城市规划史的视角追溯和评价了1949-1978年间上海卫星城理论的引入过程及实践成效。研究认为卫星城之所以能够被“传播-接纳”,是因为其迎合了城市“减人”政策,实现了工业降本增效,缓解了粮食供应紧张;发现新中国早期的城市规划理论并非全部源自苏联模式,欧洲经验是不可忽视的组成部分,哈罗、贝席尔登、魏林比等战后新城曾被视为理想的规划模型;提出建立卫星城更多考虑的是支撑国家工业化目标,实践过程中,工业化的优先等级高于人口疏散及社会生活,反映了在特定历史情境下,规划实践对初始设想的适应性改变。有助于重新审视中国现代城市规划及其外来影响,加深对规划理论与实践之间复杂关系的认知。

社会主义城市概念的演变 中国式发展道路综论

中华人民共和国早期的社会主义城市规划遗产正在日益引起学者的关注。然而,对苏联的社会主义城市概念在转移到中国过程中的跨国演变的研究仍然很少。彼时中国城市规划的成果在某种程度上是没有明确背景与起源的产物。两者在1917年以来社会主义城市规划演变中的重要性仍然不明确。文章从苏联相似规划及其原型的早期演变角度,介绍了西安、武汉、洛阳和长春“156项重点工程”的城市及其工业区布局的分析结果,揭示出城市布局和模式的多样性,以及与苏联起源不同的新的工业区空间模型,证明了在这一时期社会主义城市概念复合的新演变路线,即中国的发展道路。

Early Urban Planning of Harbin(1898-1917) by Russia: Impact of Colonialism and the Railway Economy on Emerging Cities in Modern Times

Harbin, a typical emerging colonial city in modern times, has drawn worldwide attention due to its quick transformation from a fishing village to a modern globalized metropolis. With Harbin and its urban planning from 1898 to 1917 as the subject of study from the perspective of planning historiography, this paper probes into the driving force behind Harbin's early modern urban development, historical phasing and characteristics of its urban planning, as well as evolution of planning and construction activities during this period. The findings reveal that Harbin's urban planning and construction activities were closely linked to Russia's political and economic interests and also reflected the political game between the powers led by Japan and Russia in the Manchurian region.

理解“规划”——规划及其相关用语的语言考辨

语言是科技和文化的主要载体,许多谬误都源于语言使用的逻辑误解,只有通过语言使用的逻辑分析才能得到澄清和消除。从术语的基本要求出发,针对“规划”及其相关用语在现实使用中的歧义和模糊问题,引入语言形态分析等语言学的基础知识,结合相关文献档案和工程实践,横向辨析其基本词义,纵向梳理其历史使用逻辑,逐一考辨、驳斥、澄清“规划”相关用语和语句的阅读理解方式,力求更清晰地认识、理解“规划”及其相关概念的源流。“规划”一词是不同语种、异质规划技术体系及对立的意识形态等条件相互作用的结果。在中国式现代化中塑造“中国规划”,应对规划体系保持历史耐心,使规划学科更准确地“说中国话”。

即“小”见大——基于城市形态学方法的近代上海小型里弄研究

本文基于上海老城厢历史文化风貌区金家坊片区的调研,借鉴康泽恩城镇平面格局分析法,界定出“小型里弄”这一新的里弄建筑类型,从产权地块形态、土地利用方式和房屋建设主体三个层面,考察其空间特征,并对形态背后的社会、经济和文化驱动力进行初步探讨。研究丰富了对里弄建筑类型及空间多样性的认知,并为近代城市遗产的价值认定和保护对策奠定基础。

欧洲核子研究中心规划建设历程与启示

本文通过研究欧洲核子研究中心(CERN)的规划建设史,以核心大科学装置的发展历程为依据将园区规划建设过程划分为四个时期,就不同时期的规划发展及建筑设计进行分析研究,探究大科学装置主题下规划与建筑的主要特征,论证建筑师在大科学装置建设过程中的影响和作用;并结合“欧洲核子研究中心2040年总体规划”,从园区规划、公共交通、环境保护与自然生态的角度探讨其规划与建设对我国当代大科学装置及科学园区的发展的启示和借鉴意义。