URBAN REGIONAL STRUCTURES TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF NANJING MEGALOPOLIS

s: Since 1978, many changes have happened on the background of urban regional structure in China, such as the economy system restructuring, the social transforming including the population flow accelerating and social demand diversifying and individualizing, the political and economic systems reforms, the rise of the real estate market and the changing relationship between human and nature. From the macroscopic view, these changes make the national urban system to be a newer pattern with a widening gap among the cities in spite of the rising of the cities as a whole. At the same, the urban land use structures are changing with both the trends of intensification and diversification, and the trends of the regional diversification and the economic integration. Besides, urban structures with multiple centers are emerging in several metropolitan areas in China. These changes and trends mentioned above are confirmed by a case study of Nanjing City, a growing metropolitan area in east China. The case study also points out some problems in urban regional structure reforming, especially the poor social and ecological considerations. We should pay more attention to some ideas like balance of intensification and decentralization, development of suburban centers and a reasonable mixing of the functional activities to develop a sustainable urban regional structure.

Regional Planning and Development Under the Maximization of Urban Agglomerative Economies

Starting from the meaning and types of urban agglomerative economies, with the analysis of the characteristicsand causes of urban agglomerative economies, this paper puts forward that the regional planning and development shouldattach importance to urban agglomerative economies, follow the law of the maximization of regional urban agglomerativeeconomies. It also points out the countermeasures and advices to facilitate the regional planning and development based on theprinciple.

A relationship between red tide outbreaks and urban development along the coasts of Guangdong Province

Red tides are one of the main coastal catastrophic events in Guangdong Province of southern China. The comparison between the number of red tide events and the development indexes of cities along the coasts of the province shows that the regional differences in red tide outbreaks has close relations with the coastal urban developments. The cause for an initiation of red tide blooms may be natural factors, while wastewater caused by the fast development of population, industry and aquiculture of the coastal cities enhanced the blooms. It may explain why the two periods of frequent outbreaks of the red tides over the last two decades matched the urban developments in the coastal areas of Guangdong not only spatially but also temporally. The red tides in the first period were restricted only to the coasts of middle Guangdong, where urbanization process was at a higher speed than the other coastal areas of the province. In the second period, fast development of the coastal cities in eastern Guangdong led to an increase in the occurrence of red tides in local sea areas of the same coasts.

System Dynamics-and its Use in Understanding Urban and Regional Development

System dynamics shows how the structure and policies in a system produce change through time. System dynamics deals with the internal processes that produce good and bad behavior in social, economic, and environmental systems. In a system dynamics study, one builds a computer model that acts out the behavior of the real system being represented. The computer model is then used to

Measurement of Urban Economic Gravity of China’s Three Major Agglomerations and Its Implications for the Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

This paper adopts the perspective of urban economic linkage and the modified urban economic gravity model to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic gravity among cities in China’s three major urban agglomerations,including the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Pearl River Delta.The results show that,despite the ever-tightening economic linkages among cities in the urban agglomerations,the development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region falls behind that of the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta in terms of coordination,closeness,and balance.The economic linkages among cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are not as cohesive as they could be and display a significant“siphon effect”through Beijing and Tianjin as well as a prominently unidirectional economic flow.This study suggests that efforts should be put into directing the orderly flow of resources from Beijing and Tianjin to cities in Hebei and promoting a balanced economic flow among cities,thus facilitating the coordination of regional development.

Study on the Spatial Development of Xining City,Qinghai Province of China

Regional development strategies for Xining City were proposed as:supported by Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,eastward development,integrated development of its administrative regions,and overall development of its urban and rural areas.Specifically,① Choosing a development orientation different from Lanzhou City,fully playing its own advantages,forming dual cores of this region;enhancing the industrial division and cooperation with Lhasa,pushing the joint regional development;realizing the integrated development with Haidong area(east of the Qinghai Lake);strengthening its spatial connection with Ge'rmu and Delingha,expanding its economic hinterland.② Integrating tourism development spaces,building the Greater Xining Economic Zone,pushing the construction of new countryside,realizing the integrated development of urban and rural areas.It was proposed that a "control area of urban development" should be established in Xining,its range should be defined and further classified into a double-layer spatial structure:core zone of urban development and peripheral town development zone.Spatial development laws of Xining City were studied,its urban development conditions analyzed,then development strategies of its major urban district proposed,specifically,building a central urban development corridor first,enhancing the cohesive force of Xining City,forming a plate spatial development mode,strengthening the axial combined effects of service functions,improving the energy level of urban development;then building waterfront spaces of "three rivers and six banks".

REGIONAL EFFECTS BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUZHOU INDUSTRY GARDEN

Suzhou Industry Garden is one of the few areas which attract foreign capital on a large scale in China. Its construction will bring effects on regional economy obviously. First, the garden as an important part of the construction of high tech industry belt between Shanghai and Nanjing will become the radiating source and core area in the course of development of high tech industrialization in the southern area of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River. Second, the garden will influence the development of Taicang City, the door port city of Suzhou, and the development of peripheral villages and towns as well. As Taicang City is being constructed as the assistant center for International Shipping Centre in Shanghai, the structure of double nucleus by which Suzhou and Taicang could benefit from each other will come into being. Third, the garden which has been formed as the unique area for introducing foreign managing mode as a whole will be made the base for demonstration and using international economic management experience for reference.

Urbanisation and Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The fundamental characteristics of urbanisation and economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the end of 19th, and at the beginning of 20th century, have been discussed in the paper. The recent developmental urban processes have been considered through three groups of indicators： demographic, regional and socio-geographic development. Based on results of the surveys conducted in the regional economic centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011, a development of urban functions in the urban centres has been shown. It has been proved that the dominant tertiary activities have a big importance and an intensive influence on urban and economic development in all urban settlements. The research included a theoretical part within which the literature on urban and economic development of settlements has been searched. For needs of the research, eight economic centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina were chosen. Analysis of the obtained results shows a different level of urbanisation in Bosnia and Herzegovina with particularly separated larger and asymmetrically distributed urban centres： Sarajevo, Tuzla, Mostar, Banja Luka, Zenica, and Biha6. The mentioned urban and economic centres are distributed along the major traffic communications. The settlements in east and west part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in which a traffic network is poorly developed, have a lower urbanisation level. The obtained data proved the existence of a traditional difference and a different level in development of particular regions and total economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Low urbanisation level of a large number of settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is in direct connection with economic development and density of those settlements. The achieved urbanisation level with an overall economic development is characteristic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the other countries in its surroundings as well.

Processes of Adaptation and Creation of a Territorial Governance： The Experience of the Cities of Benevento and Salerno （Campania Region, Italy）~

This paper presents some considerations about the definition and role of ＂medium-sized cities＂ in the processes of urban governance of the Italian regional systems, in line with the objectives of European programming 2007-2013. Beginning from some theoretical considerations, the research objective is to delineate the features of the ＂new urban geography＂ of Campania region as it has been formed on the base of the social and economic processes that in the last 30 years have modified the regional urban system in the widest context of Mezzogiorno. To such aim, the paper is articulated in two parts： the first one in which the fundamental passages are re-called in the processes of development of Italian urban areas that have carried to new paradigms object of theoretical approaches still in course of definition, and the second one in which such processes are considered regarding the model of urban development of Campania, on which the research is concentrated. Specifically, the paper presents the case of two ＂middle cities＂ in the Campania region： Benevento and Salerno, which play a particularly important role in the design and development of a ＂regional network of medium-sized cities＂.

Moscow and Moscow Region： Ecological Focus for Sustainable Development

This paper presents some results of sustainable urban-planning development in Moscow Capital Region. Moscow City and Moscow Region （Moscow Oblast） are the parts of the Moscow Capital Region. According to the Constitution of Russia, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Region and Moscow City are two independent federal subjects of Russian Federation. The sustainable development of Moscow City and Moscow Region as an integrated regional economic and natural complex which plays the most important part in Russia＇s economy must be based on the integrated solution to the problems of environmental protection, social equity, and economic feasibility. The latest initiative of Russian Government concerns the creation of the Greater Moscow within the new borders of Moscow. Making the decision on the extension of the city limits and stimulation of the Moscow Agglomeration development provides the real way of resolution of the accumulated problems and provides enormous impetus to the sustainable development. The key task of the environmentally sound development of the Greater Moscow is to relieve the historical center of Moscow City; maintain the rational balance of built-up areas, natural and rural landscapes; ensure joint control of the urban development and economic activity; and create the favorable environment for the population.

An Integrative Collaborative Project Approach to Climate-Change Resilience and Urban/Regional Sustainability for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region

In a rapidly urbanizing world, the social, economic, and ecological complexities of cities require conceptual and operational innovations to enhance climate resilience and sustainability. We describe our Integrative Collaborative Project (ICP) approach to co-create climate resilience in the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region (MLCHR). In recent years, it has suffered from frequent natural disasters, and under climate change scenarios, the intensity and frequency of extreme events, including severe floods, droughts, heat waves and landslides are expected to increase. ICPs are framed as socio-technical capacity building enterprises, with networks operating at multiple scales. The approach differs from other integrative efforts, which tend to be top-down with scant civil society co-ownership, and focus on limited aspects like indicators/assessment, or institutional capacity building. We reimagine all operational stages, from creative thinking, through ethos and concept, assessment, planning, project design, implementation and management, and monitoring and evaluation. The design of ICPs is informed by six integrative domains: 1) project ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) spatial and temporal scales;4) stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) knowledge types, models and methods;and 6) socio-technical capacities and networks. Empirically, the approach is based on participatory development practices, pilot project work tackling sustainable water and sanitation in Mexico, and a synthesis of rich experiential knowledge spanning 20 years. The theoretical basis considers a pragmatic knowledge frame, socio-technical transitions literature, and education for social transformation. We describe forward-looking operational details of the Pilot ICP for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region, with our three-university partnership as catalyst, and a new breed of socio-technical enterprise organization as a key partner, engaging stakeholders at municipal and regional scales.

京津冀协同发展战略实施十年回顾及展望

京津冀协同发展战略实施近十年来,北京非首都功能疏解取得明显成效,北京城市副中心和雄安新区“两翼”建设稳步推进,三地交通一体化、生态联防联控、产业转型升级三大领域取得率先突破,区域内体制机制改革与创新稳步实施。但仍面临经济份额下降、创新驱动经济增长能力不强、人口和经济过密与过疏现象并存等问题。展望未来,应从现代化首都都市圈建设、打造“一核两翼”空间新格局、优化区域现代产业分工体系与区域创新格局、创新跨区域协同治理体制机制等方面,全面推进京津冀协同发展迈向更高水平、更优效益和更高质量,努力使京津冀成为中国式现代化建设的先行区、示范区。

高等教育规模、城镇化与区域经济增长机制研究——基于省级面板数据的证据

高等教育规模是经济持续增长的重要因素,城镇化是否在高等教育规模对区域经济增长的影响中发挥了重要中介效应,需要进一步研究。为此,可以基于2004一2020年国家统计局省级面板数据,分析高等教育规模与区域经济增长的关系,辨析城镇化在两者关系中的作用,进而探究高等教育规模、城镇化对区域经济增长的影响机理。研究结果表明:高等教育规模促进区域经济增长具有直接作用;城镇化对区域经济增长具有正向驱动作用;城镇化在高等教育规模促进区域经济增长过程中发挥了中介效应。这也证明了“高等教育规模一城镇化一区域经济增长”机制的存在。为有效利用该机制,建议适度扩大高等教育规模,加快培养高层次创新人才,因地制宜加快新型城镇化建设,推动城镇产业结构升级,建设现代化产业体系,促进区域经济快速健康发展。

积极应对人口老龄化战略下养老服务的均衡发展

党的二十大将实现养老服务均衡发展摆在了突出位置。在以均衡治理原则助推高质量发展的格局下,老龄化国家战略再次升级了养老服务在格局、空间、模式、性质、内容五个方面的均衡关系。然而,由于多重原因,目前我国养老服务均衡发展中存在保障对象收入差异的起点非均衡、准入条件欠缺灵活的过程非均衡、运作机制维持困境的结构非均衡问题。在积极应对人口老龄化战略背景下,亟需实现养老服务的结构优化、功能提升、内容提质,并需重点关注:一是基本养老服务均衡化的基础环境已初步形成;二是科学把握城乡区域人口老龄化分布格局趋势;三是改变现有基本养老服务制度建设的基本理念;四是区域一体化是基本养老服务均衡化的重要步伐;五是坚持基本养老服务制度全国统筹的基本思路;六是建立新型的基本养老服务事权格局。

服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响与机制

服务业高质量发展有助于农村劳动力就业、扩大农民收入来源。促进现代服务业高质量发展是缩减城乡收入差距、推进共同富裕的重要路径。基于1997—2021年我国30个省份(未含香港地区、澳门地区、台湾地区、西藏地区)数据,使用合成控制法、双重差分模型和三重差分模型分析服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制。研究发现,服务业高质量发展有助于缩减城乡收入差距,且这种缩减作用在北京、上海最强,在江苏、天津、浙江次之,在广东最弱;服务业高质量发展对东部、中部和西部地区城乡收入差距的缩减作用均显著,但在中部地区最强,在东部和西部地区较弱;绿色发展和区域协调发展在服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的影响中发挥正向调节作用,服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用在绿色发展水平较高、区域协调发展水平较高的省份更强;服务业高质量发展能够通过产业结构升级(包括产业结构高级化、产业结构合理化)缩减城乡收入差距。为进一步发挥服务业高质量发展对城乡收入差距的缩减作用,应持续加强服务创新,推动服务业高质量发展;发挥区域比较优势,推动区域协调发展;引导绿色消费和生产,提升绿色发展水平;推动现代服务业和新兴产业发展,促进产业结构升级。

城市群人口集聚对共同富裕的影响——基于粤港澳大湾区的分析

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征和中国特色社会主义的本质要求,如何推进共同富裕目标的实现成为政府和学界亟待解决的难题。以粤港澳大湾区为样本探讨城市群人口集聚对城市群内部以及周边区域共同富裕的影响,在理论分析的基础上采用“全面FGLS”方法以及动态面板空间杜宾模型进行估计得到如下结论:粤港澳大湾区人口集聚无论是对于城市群内部共同富裕还是带动周边区域共同富裕均具有积极的促进作用,在短期内存在正向的空间溢出作用,但长期而言粤港澳大湾区人口不可能无限集聚,当发展到一定程度后拥挤效应将超过集聚效应对共同富裕产生负面影响。上述结论意味着当前粤港澳大湾区内部形成的多中心集聚的态势,空间协调发展程度较高,在推动城市群内部共同富裕的同时,短期内也带动了周边区域的发展,但长期持续的发展仍需人口在粤港澳全域更为均衡地分布,而非无限向粤港澳大湾区集聚。基于上述结论,提出应重视基础设施的互联互通、产业互联、城市互联等,促进粤港澳大湾区与粤东西两翼及山区人口等要素资源更为顺畅地流动,优化资源配置,促进粤港澳全域发展,实现真正意义上的先富带动后富,最终实现共同富裕。

长三角城市群物流业高质量发展水平测度研究及评价

以长三角城市群物流业为研究对象,采用熵权TOPSIS法和核密度估计分析方法,测度2010—2021年长三角城市群物流业高质量发展水平并分析区域发展差异。研究发现:长三角城市群物流业高质量发展水平向好趋势明显,但仍然有待提高。有18个城市的物流业高质量发展水平低于均值。其中上海的物流业高质量发展水平最高,居于第2位的苏州相比于上海还有较大差距。从各区域来看,区域发展不均衡的特征较明显,各区域物流业高质量发展水平存在一定差距,上海物流业高质量发展水平显著高于其他区域,物流业高质量发展水平排名靠后的城市主要集中在安徽,该区域内发展差距呈现缩小趋势。

我国五大城市群县域科技创新效率空间分异与障碍因子分析

城市群作为创新要素集聚地,在全国生产力布局中发挥战略性支撑作用,县域是城市群协同创新的重要空间载体,在中国未来城市发展中拥有不可或缺的重要地位。采用DEA-BCC效率模型、核密度、空间探索性等研究方法,测算2018—2021年长三角、珠三角、中原、成渝以及长江中游城市群所辖县域科技创新效率,并采用障碍度模型识别影响五大城市群县域创新效率的主要因素。结果表明:五大城市群县域科技创新效率存在较大差距,其中,高新技术产业发展、创新平台建设、企业创新投入和科技人力资源禀赋等是阻碍县域科技创新效率提升的重要因素,进而提出城市群县域科技创新效率优化路径。

基于城镇要素集聚能力视角的重庆市区域发展空间分异研究

为了揭示重庆市38个区县在2005—2019年间区域发展空间分异情况,本研究基于城镇要素集聚能力指数,结合崔王指数、障碍度评价法展开实证分析。结果表明:(1)区域发展水平整体呈螺旋式上升趋势,空间上呈现出明显的核心(主城区)—外围(非主城区)结构特征,但分异程度在不断下降。(2)非农产业产值、人均GDP、非农就业人数、年末金融机构贷款余额、公共财政预算收入、空间规模以上企业总产值等因子是导致重庆市38个区县城镇要素集聚能力空间分异的关键性因子,其作用机理与重庆市地形区位、要素流动可达性和贫困区县空间分布所形成的“发展势能”的空间分异密切相关。(3)为了实现要素自由流动和区域协调发展,提出进一步强化主城区的核心集聚能力和扩散带动作用、弱化地形对空间相互作用的影响、构建“一圈两翼、一主两副”空间结构、深化“走出去、引进来”对外开放战略、强化(科技、体制机制、人才等)创新和生态文明建设引领作用等的对策建议。研究表明源于城镇要素集聚能力的区域发展空间分异研究方法,可以形象地将要素移动呈现在“发展势能”和要素移动成本的变化曲线中,对于深挖区域发展空间分异的主要影响因素及其形成机理具有较强的解释力;重庆市可以从区域城镇要素低成本自由流动、核心对外围辐射带动作用层面构建区域协调发展实现路径。

以区位导向政策促进全域共同富裕:基于流动、集聚、均衡的分析框架

基于流动、集聚、均衡的空间经济分析框架,明确了经济特区政策、欠发达地区支持政策、交通与通道建设三大类区位导向政策的基础逻辑,分类总结了典型区位导向政策的实施背景、主要内容及实施效果。第一,区位导向政策对特定地区发展具有一定的促进作用。第二,区位导向政策实施效果存在明显的地区异质性,区位导向政策与地区发展基础的匹配,决定了政策实施效果。第三,区位导向政策的效果评价以双重差分法为主,需要加强投入产出分析和比较制度分析。第四,区位导向政策存在明显的本地效应和空间溢出效应。第五,区位导向政策影响资源空间配置,是其本地效应和空间溢出效应的核心机制。由此,区位导向政策设计需要匹配地区发展基础、适应地区人口发展特征、兼顾公平和效率、兼顾本地效应和溢出效应,以促进城乡区域协调发展和全域共同富裕。