Research on the Digital Economy's Impact on China's Economic Growth:Based on the Variations in Urbanization Levels Across China's Eastern,Central,and Western Regions and Sectoral Heterogeneity

This paper uses inter-provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017,a linear regression model,and a threshold model to conduct empirical analyses of the impact of the digital economy on China's overall economic growth and the three main sectors of industry.The paper then investigates the impact and effects the digital economy has had on the economic growth of the three main sectors of industry in China's eastern,central,and western regions.Finally,the paper investigates the most significant differences among the various regions and the threshold effects of urbanization levels on the relationship between the digital economy and economic growth.The findings indicate a significantly positive correlation between the digital economy and regional economic growth.Moreover,geographical factors notably influence this correlation.The digital economy exerts a positive effect on all sectors of industry.It may not substantially impact industrial development in regions with highly developed infrastructure.Regarding the other regions,the digital economy exhibits varying degrees of impact due to the differences in the specific indicators.The conclusion drawn by the threshold model is that the magnitude of the threshold effect correlates with geographic factors.No threshold effect was observed in the eastern region,while the threshold effect occurred in the central region when the urbanization levels for the provinces were below 0.6645.Similarly,the threshold effect was noted in the western region when the urbanization level was below 0.3931.Considering all of this,the study also offers policy recommendations that will help balance the regional development of digital economies,accelerate the digital transformation of traditional industries,enhance digital infrastructure construction,refine the formulation and implementation of data policy,and establish relevant incentive mechanisms.

Study on the Urbanization Process of Kunming City and Its Impact on the Water Environment of Dianchi Lake

[ Objective] We aimed to analyze the urbanization process of Kunming City and its impact on the water environment of Dianchi Lake. [ Method ] Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP）, we assessed the urbanization leve of Kunming in 1998 -2008 based on composite indicator evaluation system. Afterwards, we calculated water pollution composite index of Dianchi Lake and introduced the EKC to set up a coupling relation- ship model between the urbanization level and water environment quality. [ Result] During 1998 -2008, the urbanization level of Kunming increased gradually, that is, it was lower than 30.0% before 2002, with slow growth; at the later stage, it grew fast, and reached 75.0% in 2008. Water pol- lution composite index of Dianchi Lake showed that Dianchi Lake was polluted seriously, especially Caohai. From the EKC, we can see that the re- lationship curves between the urbanization level of Kunming and water pollution composite index of Dianchi Lake were akin to inversed U shapes and still at an antagonistic stage at present. [ Condusion] The research could provide scientific references for discussing the relationship between urban- ization process and water environment.

Study on New Urbanization and Urban Ecological Security Assessment

Taking the relationship between new urbanization and urban ecological security protection as research object, based on pressure -status - response model, taking Gaochun （Gucheng Lake basin） and Zhangjiakou （Guanting Reservoir basin） as the examples, basin ecological security in its new urbanization process was evaluated. Based on the principle of comprehensiveness, representativeness and data availability, evaluation indexes were selected, and index system was established. Mathematical function of evaluation indexes was established, and security index of each evaluation indicator in index layer was determined. Using weighted average method, ecological security indexes in the two areas were obtained. On the basis of comparison and analysis, it is proposed that we must deal with urban ecological security problem in new urbanization process, thereby truly achieving ultimate value orientation of new urbanization construction oriented by people.

Modeling Urban Hydrology: A Comparison of New Urbanist and Traditional Neighborhood Design Surface Runoff

Urban development generally leads to an increase in impervious cover resulting in a greater volume of surface runoff following storm activity. However, the type of urban development in place strongly controls the degree of impervious cover generated. Traditional neighborhood designs focus on a medium-to-low urban density spread over larger areas, while new urbanist neighborhood designs incorporate more diversity by increasing urban density across smaller areas. The purpose of this study is to model and compare the potential surface runoff for two urban neighborhoods in Austin, Texas-Circle C Ranch, a traditional neighborhood design, and Mueller, a new urbanist development for a 10-year 24-hour storm scenario. Potential surface runoff was calculated by layering various geospatial datasets representing the physical characteristics of both study sites within the Watershed Modeling System (WMS) to configure the HEC-HMS runoff model. Results initially imply that the higher density new urbanist neighborhood significantly increases total and peak storm runoff compared to the traditional neighborhood. However, a greater number of residential units are available at Mueller over the same area as Circle C Ranch. When taking this into account the increased potential surface runoff is negated at the new urbanist site. Although new urbanist neighborhoods will usually contain more residential units than traditional developments when compared at the same scale, the higher urban density associated with these neighborhoods demand the development of more effective stormwater retention systems to cope with a potential increase in surface runoff.

Urban Spatial Expansion Characteristics in China’s Rapid Urbanization Region—A Case Study of SXC Region

Urban spatial expansion characteristics are the responses of urbanization acts on the geographical space. Analyzing the characteristics can reveal the process of urban expansion and mechanism which is one of useful methods to find out the sustainable land use strategy balancing development and protection. In this paper, two main methods have been deployed in analyzing the spatial expansion characteristics of rapid urbanization region. One is the expansion index method and the other is fractal dimension method. And the results show that town-level urban sprawl has increased in a non-linear way since 1985, and even the increments of the urban expansion intensity are fluctuated. Morphology transformation from scatter to concentration is common phenomenon in the process of urbanization in the towns. From the morphology point of view, downtowns are more homogenous than towns with less variation. The concentration is the leading development trend in downtowns. And the more distance from the downtown is, the more spatial pattern morphology will be observed. These characteristics indicate that macro-scale policies of economic development and land use management have great impacts on the formation and characteristics of spatial patterns of urban dynamic patterns.

Comprehensive Assessment of Urbanization Coordination:A Case Study of Jiangxi Province, China

In order to make assessment on urbanization coordination, we developed a comprehensive model by integrating entropy weight method(EWM), coupling degree model(CDM), coupling coordination degree model(CCDM), multi-index grading method(MIGM) and Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System(RS & GIS) technology. Then we applied this integrated model to a case study in Jiangxi Province, China. Our study finds that: 1) EWM, CDM and CCDM can evaluate the temporal dynamic of urbanization. Urbanization process of Jiangxi Province can be divided into three periods, the stable development period(1990–2001), the accelerated development period(2002–2009) and the rapid development period(2010–2015). Coordinated development of urbanization in Jiangxi Province can be divided into two phases, an increasingly coordinated phase(1990–2003) and an increasingly incongruous phase(2003–2015). The state transition was due to low development rate of population urbanization. 2) RS & GIS technology is an effective tool for detecting urban growth. Urban construction land area of Jiangxi Province increased from 615.8 km^2 in 1990 to 2896.8 km^2 in2015, and the per capita urban construction land area(PCUCLA) reached 122.9 m^2, with the maximum value of 343 m^2 in Gongqingcheng City. 3) MIGM and RS & GIS technology can analyze spatial difference of urbanization. There is a significant spatial difference in socioeconomic development at county scale, with the maximum value six times the minimum value for both PCUCLA and per capita GDP in 2015. Population urbanization lag and excessive land use are the main reasons for uncoordinated urbanization. There were 15 counties with a lag in demographic urbanization and 33 counties where PCUCLA exceeded the national standard in 2015, among which 20 exceeded the national standard of PCUCLA by 50%(≥165 m^2). Since there are significant spatio-temporal differences in urbanization, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment to facilitate differential urbanization strategy making.

Climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Tanzania

Climate change vulnerability assessment is an essential tool for identifying regions that are most susceptible to the impacts of climate change and designing effective adaptation actions that can reduce vulnerability and enhance long-term resilience of these regions.This study explored a framework for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process in Jangwani Ward,Tanzania.Specifically,taking flood as an example,this study highlighted the steps and methods for climate change vulnerability assessment in the new urban planning process.In the study area,95 households were selected and interviewed through purposeful sampling.Additionally,10 respondents(4 females and 6 males)were interviewed for Focus Group Discussion(FGD),and 3 respondents(1 female and 2 males)were selected for Key Informant Interviews(KII)at the Ministry of Lands,Housing and Human Settlements Development.This study indicated that climate change vulnerability assessment framework involves the assessment of climatic hazards,risk elements,and adaptive capacity,and the determination of vulnerability levels.The average hazard risk rating of flood was 2.3.Socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructures both had the average risk element rating of 3.0,and ecosystems had the average risk element rating of 2.9.Adaptive capacity ratings of knowledge,technology,economy or finance,and institution were 1.6,1.9,1.4,and 2.2,respectively.The vulnerability levels of socioeconomic and livelihood activities and physical infrastructure were very high(4.0).Ecosystems had a high vulnerability level(3.8)to flood.The very high vulnerability level of socioeconomic and livelihood activities was driven by high exposure and sensitivity to risk elements and low adaptive capacity.The study recommends adoption of the new urban planning process including preparation,planning,implementation,and monitoring-evaluation-review phases that integrates climate change vulnerability assessment in all phases.

Cultivation Model of New Farmers under the Urban Rural Development: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Different from traditional farmers, new farmers refer to the high-quality farmers who are educated and skilled, and have the capability of operating. Cultivation of new farmers is a key factor of developing rural human resources, and also the lasting power for the new countryside construction. Guangdong Province has witnessed rapid urbanization and industrialization, and local farmers have been faced with the competition with foreign quality talents and the pressure of survival. Against the background of new countryside construction, this paper studied the supply-demand situation and problems of traditional farmers in Guangdong Province, explored education and cultivation model of new farmers and innovation mechanism, which is signifi cant for improving the innovation level of Guangdong, and promoting the urban-rural coordinated development.

Remote sensing of the urban heat island and its changes in Xiamen City of SE China

World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM\++ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over 11-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen's urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu Island. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future.

黄河流域新型城镇化—生态安全—公共健康协调发展研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

探究黄河流域新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合机理,对于实现区域高质量发展、全面贯彻落实中国式现代化要求、维护国家生态安全和边疆安全具有重要意义。通过综合评价模型、耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型分析位于黄河流域中上游的内蒙古自治区新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康耦合发展水平及影响因素。研究结果表明:2005-2021年内蒙古新型城镇化、生态安全、公共健康各子系统发展水平均有所提升,空间分异明显。新型城镇化水平由2005年的0.26提升到2021年的0.69,生态安全水平由2005年的0.26提高到2021年的0.57,公共健康水平在2021年达到0.64;新型城镇化、生态安全与公共健康耦合协调水平呈现波动增长态势,由2005年的0.22上升到2021年的0.62,表现为呼和浩特市、包头市耦合协调水平较高,其余盟市较低的空间格局;城乡居民基本医疗保险参保、人均GDP、城镇人均可支配收入等是制约系统协调发展的主要障碍因素,年均障碍度分别为17.32%、8.74%、7.33%。基于研究结果提出促进内蒙古新型城镇化-生态安全-公共健康协调发展的对策建议,旨在为实现区域高质量发展和推进中国式现代化建设提供支持和指导。

中国式城镇化:从传统城市化向新型城镇化转型的理论探索与实践创新

城市是人类文明的载体。人类文明经历了农业文明时代,进入到工业文明时代,开启了城市化进程。中国的城市化相比西方发达国家的城市化起步晚,因此在中国城市化前期无论是在理论上还是在实践上都是西方发达国家的跟随者和模仿者,以“物”为主的城市化成为发展的方向,因而也出现了若干城市病。新中国是中国共产党领导的国家,以人民群众的利益为根本遵循。因而,跟随西方传统城市化的发展,不符合中国共产党所提出的“人民城市人民建、人民城市为人民”的初心,也不符合中国的国情和发展规律。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,以习近平同志为核心的党中央果断选择了以人为本的新型城镇化道路,并以新型城镇化为抓手和新路径,扭转了中国城市化的发展方向,有力地推动了中国式现代化建设与中华民族现代文明的构建。中国从传统城市化向新型城镇化转型有其历史逻辑,也是“两个结合”的中国化与当代化表达。

基于熵权-TOPSIS法的绿色城市发展水平评价研究:以济南市为例

绿色城市是绿色发展理念的载体和新型城镇化高质量发展的目标,开展绿色城市发展水平评价研究具有重要的现实意义。界定绿色城市的内涵,采用驱动力-状态-响应模型,构建绿色城市发展水平评价指标体系,基于济南市2018—2022年间的指标数据,综合运用熵权法和TOPSIS模型展开绿色城市发展水平实证研究。结果表明:研究期内济南市绿色城市发展水平整体表现为上升趋势,现已达到良好水平且进入优化发展阶段。针对性地提出对策与建议,以期为济南市绿色城市发展提供借鉴。

基本公共服务促进新型城镇化发展的空间效应

基于我国2010—2020年30个地区的面板数据,通过构建空间杜宾模型实证分析了基本公共服务促进新型城镇化发展的空间效应,并从区域层面进行了异质性检验。结果表明:第一,基本公共服务显著促进新型城镇化发展,不仅会促进本地新型城镇化发展,还对邻近地区产生正向的促进作用;第二,基本公共服务对新型城镇化的影响存在地区差异,即对东、西部地区新型城镇化具有显著的直接效应和间接效应,而对中部地区新型城镇化的直接效应不明显,间接效应显著;第三,工业化水平、人力资本水平和固定资产投资对新型城镇化的影响存在区域异质性。认为应提升基本公共服务水平,制定差异化的基本公共服务供给制度,推进跨区域间的合作,以提高整体新型城镇化水平。

黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展研究

为推进中国式现代化建设,统筹黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展,提升城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展水平,以黄河流域内的7个城市群为研究对象,构建新型城镇化与生态安全评价指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和相对发展模型,并结合时空演化过程分析了黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展格局,最后通过系统动力学模型模拟未来5年耦合协调发展趋势.结果表明,研究期内,黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度总体呈上升趋势,部分城市群出现轻度波动,耦合协调特征由失调、濒临协调转化为勉强协调、初级协调;最后通过预测未来5年黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全耦合协调度发展过程,推断城市群均处于显著提升状态,且逐步达到初级协调阶段.针对目前黄河流域城市群新型城镇化与生态安全协调发展存在的不足,提出了相应的对策建议.

长三角城市群A级旅游景区时空异质性研究

城市群A级旅游景区演化研究对促进区域旅游业平衡充分发展具有重要价值.基于目的地多尺度、景区多等级及空间非稳定现实,运用多种空间分析方法,对长三角城市群A级旅游景区及影响因素的时空异质性进行研究.结果表明:(1)2001-2021年,3A、4A是长三角城市群A级旅游景区结构主体;上海、杭州、湖州、南京、安庆、金华、温州和台州的各级景区发展均较好.(2)长三角城市群A级旅游景区空间分布集聚性显著,逐渐形成“几”字形高密度景区带结构;各等级景区辐射范围不断扩大,形成东南-西北方向分布格局;城市尺度上,各等级景区都趋于均匀分布.(3)至2019年,影响A级旅游景区空间分布的因素包括旅游资源、旅游需求、旅游地交通及社会经济条件.各个因素的影响程度及其在空间上的异质性均随时间变化而变化.

中国新型城镇化的合理均衡和实施路径

农村剩余劳动力和农村人口向城镇的转移是城镇化的表征之一。城乡劳动生产率或劳均收入的均衡在根本上决定了合理的城镇化率。依据城乡人口迁移模型和国家统计局数据,根据调整后的城乡收入均衡条件计算得到中国合理城镇化率为84%左右,大致相当于已完成城镇化国家的中等水平;结合城镇化内在统一于经济发展过程的规律分析,到21世纪中叶我国可以基本完成城镇化进程。新型城镇化本质上要求实现城镇化与经济发展阶段的适应匹配,要着力促进城乡产业发展、就业和收入均衡,完善城乡公共基础设施和公共服务,优化城镇空间布局体系,加强宜居环境建设和历史文化保护,走高质量的新型城镇化道路。

新型城镇化的旅游业发展效应及非线性特征研究

在对旅游业综合指数和新型城镇化综合指数进行定量测度的基础上,文章利用2004—2019年中国内地省际面板数据,分别采用面板空间计量模型、面板分位数模型和门槛空间动态面板模型,对新型城镇化影响旅游业的空间效应及非线性门槛效应进行实证检验。结果发现:新型城镇化不仅对本地区旅游业具有促进效应,还对邻接地区存在积极的空间溢出效应;在旅游业发展水平由低到高的动态过程中,新型城镇化建设对旅游业发展的边际影响效应呈现显著递增的非线性特征;当考虑地区间新型城镇化建设水平差异时,旅游业发展策略存在显著的地区间非对称空间互动,即新型城镇化建设对旅游业发展的影响存在正向的非线性时空效应。

数字经济促进城乡融合发展了吗?

文章基于熵权TOPSIS法分别测度了2011—2020年省际数字经济发展、乡村振兴与新型城镇化水平,采用耦合协调函数测算了城乡融合发展水平,实证考察了数字经济对城乡融合发展的影响。结果表明:数字经济对城乡融合发展具有显著的促进作用,在选取工具变量与更换估计方法的稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立。进一步分析发现,数字经济通过加快城乡产业融合升级和促进要素双向自由流动两方面来推动城乡融合发展。基于以上结论,提出深度利用城乡产业协同发展数字平台来激发城乡产业资源潜力并加强农村信息网络基础设施建设的建议。

数字技术赋能城乡产业协调发展的内在机制与实现路径

数字技术的发展与普及应用推动生产要素在中国城乡的双向流动,进而推进城乡产业协调发展,但目前针对数字技术对城乡产业协调发展影响作用的实证研究不足。因此,借助省级面板数据,深入探究数字技术对中国城乡产业协调发展的总体影响和区域异质性及其作用机制,为进一步深化该主题研究,为利用数字技术推进城乡产业融合升级、实现城乡协调发展提供理论参考。以数字技术为切入点,从理论分析数字技术影响城乡产业协调发展的内在机制,基于2011—2021年中国30个省份面板数据,建立数字化综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法测算各省份数字化水平,运用耦合协调模型计算各省份城乡产业协调度,并就数字技术如何影响城乡产业协调发展进行实证分析。结果表明:数字技术对推进城乡产业协调发展具有显著正向影响;数字技术在不同空间地理位置对城乡产业协调发展存在异质性影响;县域经济在数字技术助推城乡产业协调发展过程中发挥部分中介效应;在不同经济发展水平下,数字技术对城乡产业协调发展的影响作用呈现非线性特征,当地区经济发展水平达到一定程度,数字技术才能对城乡产业协调发展产生显著正向推动作用,其门槛值为10.379。基于此,进一步从完善乡村数字基础设施建设、完善统筹规划和完善数字素养培育体系三方面提出具体对策建议。

人类福祉视角下城市生态效率时空差异与障碍诊断——以黑龙江省为例

基于2010-2019年黑龙江省12个地级市的面板数据,从人类福祉视角构建城市生态效率的指标体系,运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型与Malmquist指数进行分析,揭示黑龙江省12个地级市生态效率时空差异特征及其动态变化驱动力,并利用障碍度模型识别阻碍黑龙江城市生态效率提升的关键因素。结果表明:①黑龙江省12个地级市整体效率水平呈缓慢上升态势,年均增速1.313%;②城市生态效率呈高值连片空间分布特征,逐步形成中西部和东部两条高效率城市带;③纯技术效率、技术进步是促进其全要素生产率的主导驱动因素,两者变化指数平均值分别为1.070、1.035;④黑龙江省城市生态效率的主要障碍因子为全社会固定资产投资、实际地区生产总值和全社会用电量,而人类福祉对生态效率阻碍程度相对较小。据此,从区域协调发展、找准驱动路径、加快城市绿色转型等方面提出提升城市生态效率、推动黑龙江省城市可持续发展的建议。